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Détail de l'auteur
Auteur J. A. NIELSEN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)
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Intact prototype formation but impaired generalization in autism / A.H. FROEHLICH in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-2 (April-June 2012)
[article]
Titre : Intact prototype formation but impaired generalization in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A.H. FROEHLICH, Auteur ; Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Erin D. BIGLER, Auteur ; J. S. MILLER, Auteur ; N. T. LANGE, Auteur ; Molly B. DUBRAY, Auteur ; Jason R. COOPERRIDER, Auteur ; Annahir N. CARIELLO, Auteur ; J. A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; Janet E. LAINHART, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.921-930 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prototype Autism Categorization Recognition Generalization fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive processing in autism has been characterized by a difficulty with the abstraction of information across multiple stimuli or situations and subsequent generalization to new stimuli or situations. This apparent difficulty leads to the suggestion that prototype formation, a process of creating a mental summary representation of multiple experienced stimuli that go together in a category, may be impaired in autism. Adults with high functioning autism and a typically developing comparison group matched on age and IQ completed a random dot pattern categorization task. Participants with autism demonstrated intact prototype formation in all four ways it was operationally defined, and this performance was not significantly different from that of control participants. However, participants with autism categorized dot patterns that were more highly distorted from the category prototypes less accurately than did control participants. These findings suggest, at least within the constraints of the random dot pattern task, that although prototype formation may not be impaired in autism, difficulties may exist with the generalization of what has been learned about a category to novel stimuli, particularly as they become less similar to the category's prototype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.12.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.921-930[article] Intact prototype formation but impaired generalization in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A.H. FROEHLICH, Auteur ; Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Erin D. BIGLER, Auteur ; J. S. MILLER, Auteur ; N. T. LANGE, Auteur ; Molly B. DUBRAY, Auteur ; Jason R. COOPERRIDER, Auteur ; Annahir N. CARIELLO, Auteur ; J. A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; Janet E. LAINHART, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.921-930.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.921-930
Mots-clés : Prototype Autism Categorization Recognition Generalization fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive processing in autism has been characterized by a difficulty with the abstraction of information across multiple stimuli or situations and subsequent generalization to new stimuli or situations. This apparent difficulty leads to the suggestion that prototype formation, a process of creating a mental summary representation of multiple experienced stimuli that go together in a category, may be impaired in autism. Adults with high functioning autism and a typically developing comparison group matched on age and IQ completed a random dot pattern categorization task. Participants with autism demonstrated intact prototype formation in all four ways it was operationally defined, and this performance was not significantly different from that of control participants. However, participants with autism categorized dot patterns that were more highly distorted from the category prototypes less accurately than did control participants. These findings suggest, at least within the constraints of the random dot pattern task, that although prototype formation may not be impaired in autism, difficulties may exist with the generalization of what has been learned about a category to novel stimuli, particularly as they become less similar to the category's prototype. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.12.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150 Violence: heightened brain attentional network response is selectively muted in Down syndrome / Jeffrey S. ANDERSON in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : Violence: heightened brain attentional network response is selectively muted in Down syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; S. M. TREIMAN, Auteur ; M. A. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; J. O. EDGIN, Auteur ; L. DAI, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. KORENBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.15 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Down syndrome Violence fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The ability to recognize and respond appropriately to threat is critical to survival, and the neural substrates subserving attention to threat may be probed using depictions of media violence. Whether neural responses to potential threat differ in Down syndrome is not known. METHODS: We performed functional MRI scans of 15 adolescent and adult Down syndrome and 14 typically developing individuals, group matched by age and gender, during 50 min of passive cartoon viewing. Brain activation to auditory and visual features, violence, and presence of the protagonist and antagonist were compared across cartoon segments. fMRI signal from the brain's dorsal attention network was compared to thematic and violent events within the cartoons between Down syndrome and control samples. RESULTS: We found that in typical development, the brain's dorsal attention network was most active during violent scenes in the cartoons and that this was significantly and specifically reduced in Down syndrome. When the antagonist was on screen, there was significantly less activation in the left medial temporal lobe of individuals with Down syndrome. As scenes represented greater relative threat, the disparity between attentional brain activation in Down syndrome and control individuals increased. There was a reduction in the temporal autocorrelation of the dorsal attention network, consistent with a shortened attention span in Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome exhibited significantly reduced activation in primary sensory cortices, and such perceptual impairments may constrain their ability to respond to more complex social cues such as violence. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may indicate a relative deficit in emotive perception of violence in Down syndrome, possibly mediated by impaired sensory perception and hypoactivation of medial temporal structures in response to threats, with relative preservation of activity in pro-social brain regions. These findings indicate that specific genetic differences associated with Down syndrome can modulate the brain's response to violence and other complex emotive ideas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9112-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.15[article] Violence: heightened brain attentional network response is selectively muted in Down syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jeffrey S. ANDERSON, Auteur ; S. M. TREIMAN, Auteur ; M. A. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. A. NIELSEN, Auteur ; J. O. EDGIN, Auteur ; L. DAI, Auteur ; G. GERIG, Auteur ; J. R. KORENBERG, Auteur . - p.15.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.15
Mots-clés : Attention Down syndrome Violence fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The ability to recognize and respond appropriately to threat is critical to survival, and the neural substrates subserving attention to threat may be probed using depictions of media violence. Whether neural responses to potential threat differ in Down syndrome is not known. METHODS: We performed functional MRI scans of 15 adolescent and adult Down syndrome and 14 typically developing individuals, group matched by age and gender, during 50 min of passive cartoon viewing. Brain activation to auditory and visual features, violence, and presence of the protagonist and antagonist were compared across cartoon segments. fMRI signal from the brain's dorsal attention network was compared to thematic and violent events within the cartoons between Down syndrome and control samples. RESULTS: We found that in typical development, the brain's dorsal attention network was most active during violent scenes in the cartoons and that this was significantly and specifically reduced in Down syndrome. When the antagonist was on screen, there was significantly less activation in the left medial temporal lobe of individuals with Down syndrome. As scenes represented greater relative threat, the disparity between attentional brain activation in Down syndrome and control individuals increased. There was a reduction in the temporal autocorrelation of the dorsal attention network, consistent with a shortened attention span in Down syndrome. Individuals with Down syndrome exhibited significantly reduced activation in primary sensory cortices, and such perceptual impairments may constrain their ability to respond to more complex social cues such as violence. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may indicate a relative deficit in emotive perception of violence in Down syndrome, possibly mediated by impaired sensory perception and hypoactivation of medial temporal structures in response to threats, with relative preservation of activity in pro-social brain regions. These findings indicate that specific genetic differences associated with Down syndrome can modulate the brain's response to violence and other complex emotive ideas. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9112-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347