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Auteur Mark A. STOKES |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (13)
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“Always a glass ceiling.” Gender or autism; the barrier to occupational inclusion / Susan M. HAYWARD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 56 (December 2018)
[article]
Titre : “Always a glass ceiling.” Gender or autism; the barrier to occupational inclusion Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan M. HAYWARD, Auteur ; Keith R. MCVILLY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.50-60 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD Asperger’s Female Job Sex Work Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Under- and unemployment adversely affect the economic, health, and social circumstances of people with autism; notably those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or high autistic traits (HATs). However, little research has been published comparing the experiences of women to men with HATs, and women without autism (i.e., those typically developing; TD) to ascertain if employment issues are a function of gender or autistic traits (ATs). Method An anonymous online survey was conducted attracting 28 women and 18 men with HATs aged 18–68 years (M?=?38.63, SD?=?13.12), with a further 21 TD women and 16 TD men aged 23–62 years (M?=?38.38, SD?=?10.32). Quantitative data were analysed via logistic regression to ascertain the extent to which employment issues were a function of gender or ATs while controlling for confounding variables such as education, and age. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, then quantitatively using chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Test. Results It was found that ATs, not gender, was significant to most vocational experiences. Conclusions It is proposed that employers place greater importance on technical ability than social-communication skills when hiring and supervising women with HATs to reduce barriers and increase workplace diversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 56 (December 2018) . - p.50-60[article] “Always a glass ceiling.” Gender or autism; the barrier to occupational inclusion [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan M. HAYWARD, Auteur ; Keith R. MCVILLY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - p.50-60.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 56 (December 2018) . - p.50-60
Mots-clés : ASD Asperger’s Female Job Sex Work Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Under- and unemployment adversely affect the economic, health, and social circumstances of people with autism; notably those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or high autistic traits (HATs). However, little research has been published comparing the experiences of women to men with HATs, and women without autism (i.e., those typically developing; TD) to ascertain if employment issues are a function of gender or autistic traits (ATs). Method An anonymous online survey was conducted attracting 28 women and 18 men with HATs aged 18–68 years (M?=?38.63, SD?=?13.12), with a further 21 TD women and 16 TD men aged 23–62 years (M?=?38.38, SD?=?10.32). Quantitative data were analysed via logistic regression to ascertain the extent to which employment issues were a function of gender or ATs while controlling for confounding variables such as education, and age. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, then quantitatively using chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Test. Results It was found that ATs, not gender, was significant to most vocational experiences. Conclusions It is proposed that employers place greater importance on technical ability than social-communication skills when hiring and supervising women with HATs to reduce barriers and increase workplace diversity. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 Autism and employment: What works / Susan M. HAYWARD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 60 (April 2019)
[article]
Titre : Autism and employment: What works Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan M. HAYWARD, Auteur ; Keith R. MCVILLY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.48-58 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD Diversity Human resources Inclusion Sustainability Women Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Introduction People with autism have been identified as having a substantial contribution to make in the technology sector. Their intellectual abilities coupled with their focus and attention to detail have been recognized as desirable traits making them highly productive. However, these individuals report difficulties in employment, and there is a paucity of literature concerning the factors that attract and retain them; particularly from their viewpoint. Method Data was collected from 76 adults; 44 with autism and 32 neuro-typical (NT; i.e., adults without autism). Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis in which the major themes of: work relationships, and environment; as well as person-organization fit, diversity climate, and bargaining emerged. Quantitative analysis then determined if these themes were more/less likely to be reported by individuals with autism. Results Those with autism (vs NT individuals) were more likely to indicate enablers, or reasons for occupational longevity consistent with collegial understanding, the physical occupational environment, and circumstances that limited contact with others. Conclusions The results reflect what is known clinically about Autism Spectrum Disorder, and are consistent with Conservation of Resources and Social Exchange theories. It was concluded that vocational assistance for individuals with autism requires intervention at both individual and organizational levels. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 60 (April 2019) . - p.48-58[article] Autism and employment: What works [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan M. HAYWARD, Auteur ; Keith R. MCVILLY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - p.48-58.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 60 (April 2019) . - p.48-58
Mots-clés : ASD Diversity Human resources Inclusion Sustainability Women Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Introduction People with autism have been identified as having a substantial contribution to make in the technology sector. Their intellectual abilities coupled with their focus and attention to detail have been recognized as desirable traits making them highly productive. However, these individuals report difficulties in employment, and there is a paucity of literature concerning the factors that attract and retain them; particularly from their viewpoint. Method Data was collected from 76 adults; 44 with autism and 32 neuro-typical (NT; i.e., adults without autism). Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis in which the major themes of: work relationships, and environment; as well as person-organization fit, diversity climate, and bargaining emerged. Quantitative analysis then determined if these themes were more/less likely to be reported by individuals with autism. Results Those with autism (vs NT individuals) were more likely to indicate enablers, or reasons for occupational longevity consistent with collegial understanding, the physical occupational environment, and circumstances that limited contact with others. Conclusions The results reflect what is known clinically about Autism Spectrum Disorder, and are consistent with Conservation of Resources and Social Exchange theories. It was concluded that vocational assistance for individuals with autism requires intervention at both individual and organizational levels. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 Individual, social, and life course risk factors for experiencing interpersonal violence among autistic people of varying gender identities: A mixed methods systematic review / Kathryn RIDGWAY ; Laura PECORA ; Elizabeth WESTRUPP ; Darren HEDLEY ; Merrilyn HOOLEY ; Mark A. STOKES in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 111 (March 2024)
[article]
Titre : Individual, social, and life course risk factors for experiencing interpersonal violence among autistic people of varying gender identities: A mixed methods systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kathryn RIDGWAY, Auteur ; Laura PECORA, Auteur ; Elizabeth WESTRUPP, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Merrilyn HOOLEY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.102313 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Violence Minority stress Intersectionality Risk factors Systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Interpersonal violence is a widespread yet understudied issue in autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, ?autism?). Characteristic of autism are high rates of gender diversity, and so increased multiple minority group membership. Under minority stress and intersectionality models, minority identity presents greater risk of violence, while demographic variables (e.g., gender, sexuality, race) add to marginalisation and intersect to further enhance risk. However, research investigating risk and contextual predictors has been limited. This review examined individual, social, and life course risk factors associated with experiences of interpersonal violence among autistic people of varying gender identities. Methods A systematic database search identified 59 studies examining violence: (1) combined physical, sexual, and/or psychological; (2) physical; (3) sexual; (4) psychological; (5) traditional bullying; (6) cyberbullying; and (7) homicide among autistic people of any age and support needs, varying by gender. Final included studies comprised 42,251 autistic (65.79% males, 32.91% females, 0.14% transgender, 0.69% non-binary/gender queer, 0.002% intersex, 0.46% gender n/s), and 269,433 non-autistic participants (32.57% males, 64.45% females, 0.006% non-binary/gender queer, 2.98% gender n/s), aged 2?81 years. Results Narrative synthesis of the 59 studies showed a consistent pattern of increased rates of overall and repeated violence across the life course among autistic compared to non-autistic people. Intersectional risk was identified across all socio-ecological levels: individual (e.g., autism-related factors, age, mental health, gender, demographic diversity); proximal social (e.g., parents, peers, partners), community (e.g., home, school, healthcare, police interaction), and broader social (e.g., safety education, violence prevention/support services, specialised care/training, public stigma). Conclusions Our review indicates that interpersonal violence is a common issue for autistic people, who experience enhanced risk victimisation across the life course, particularly among multiply marginalised people (i.e., gender, race, sexuality, mental health). Our review underscores the importance of examining violence from an intersectionality and minority stress perspective and across socio-ecological contexts, and provides important empirical, legal, and policy implications. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=521
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 111 (March 2024) . - p.102313[article] Individual, social, and life course risk factors for experiencing interpersonal violence among autistic people of varying gender identities: A mixed methods systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kathryn RIDGWAY, Auteur ; Laura PECORA, Auteur ; Elizabeth WESTRUPP, Auteur ; Darren HEDLEY, Auteur ; Merrilyn HOOLEY, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - p.102313.
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 111 (March 2024) . - p.102313
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Violence Minority stress Intersectionality Risk factors Systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Interpersonal violence is a widespread yet understudied issue in autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, ?autism?). Characteristic of autism are high rates of gender diversity, and so increased multiple minority group membership. Under minority stress and intersectionality models, minority identity presents greater risk of violence, while demographic variables (e.g., gender, sexuality, race) add to marginalisation and intersect to further enhance risk. However, research investigating risk and contextual predictors has been limited. This review examined individual, social, and life course risk factors associated with experiences of interpersonal violence among autistic people of varying gender identities. Methods A systematic database search identified 59 studies examining violence: (1) combined physical, sexual, and/or psychological; (2) physical; (3) sexual; (4) psychological; (5) traditional bullying; (6) cyberbullying; and (7) homicide among autistic people of any age and support needs, varying by gender. Final included studies comprised 42,251 autistic (65.79% males, 32.91% females, 0.14% transgender, 0.69% non-binary/gender queer, 0.002% intersex, 0.46% gender n/s), and 269,433 non-autistic participants (32.57% males, 64.45% females, 0.006% non-binary/gender queer, 2.98% gender n/s), aged 2?81 years. Results Narrative synthesis of the 59 studies showed a consistent pattern of increased rates of overall and repeated violence across the life course among autistic compared to non-autistic people. Intersectional risk was identified across all socio-ecological levels: individual (e.g., autism-related factors, age, mental health, gender, demographic diversity); proximal social (e.g., parents, peers, partners), community (e.g., home, school, healthcare, police interaction), and broader social (e.g., safety education, violence prevention/support services, specialised care/training, public stigma). Conclusions Our review indicates that interpersonal violence is a common issue for autistic people, who experience enhanced risk victimisation across the life course, particularly among multiply marginalised people (i.e., gender, race, sexuality, mental health). Our review underscores the importance of examining violence from an intersectionality and minority stress perspective and across socio-ecological contexts, and provides important empirical, legal, and policy implications. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102313 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=521 Removal of negative feedback enhances WCST performance for individuals with ASD / Jaclyn BROADBENT in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-6 (June 2013)
[article]
Titre : Removal of negative feedback enhances WCST performance for individuals with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jaclyn BROADBENT, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.785-792 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Asperger's syndrome Learning Perseveration WCST Feedback Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Negative feedback was explored as a potential mechanism that may exacerbate perseverative behaviours in individuals with Asperger's syndrome (AS). The current study compared 50 individuals with AS and 50 typically developing (TD) individuals for their abilities to successfully complete the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) in the presence or absence of negative feedback. The results revealed that negative feedback led to perseveration in individuals with AS. When negative feedback was removed from the WCST, performance by individuals with AS was enhanced, and was no different to that of the TD individuals under the same conditions. These results suggest negative feedback may impair learning in persons with AS, and prevent the development of more effective strategies in many life domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-6 (June 2013) . - p.785-792[article] Removal of negative feedback enhances WCST performance for individuals with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jaclyn BROADBENT, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - p.785-792.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-6 (June 2013) . - p.785-792
Mots-clés : Autism Asperger's syndrome Learning Perseveration WCST Feedback Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Negative feedback was explored as a potential mechanism that may exacerbate perseverative behaviours in individuals with Asperger's syndrome (AS). The current study compared 50 individuals with AS and 50 typically developing (TD) individuals for their abilities to successfully complete the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) in the presence or absence of negative feedback. The results revealed that negative feedback led to perseveration in individuals with AS. When negative feedback was removed from the WCST, performance by individuals with AS was enhanced, and was no different to that of the TD individuals under the same conditions. These results suggest negative feedback may impair learning in persons with AS, and prevent the development of more effective strategies in many life domains. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.03.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 Self-assessed sexuality in young adults with High-Functioning Autism / Prianka MEHZABIN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-1 (January-March 2011)
[article]
Titre : Self-assessed sexuality in young adults with High-Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Prianka MEHZABIN, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.614-621 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : High-Functioning-Autism Sexuality Adolescence Social-function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The literature has revealed that autistic persons of all ages show an interest in sexuality and relationships, but the poor social and communication skills found among those with autism hinders the experience of this. Unfortunately, most research to date in this domain has relied exclusively upon parental or caregiver reports. Thus there remains a need for research to be undertaken in this area based on direct reports from autistic individuals. We hypothesised that compared to Typically Developing (TD) persons, persons with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) would reveal lesser levels of sexual experience, lower levels of sexual and social behaviour, and less understanding of privacy on various subscales of the Sexualised Behaviour Scale. The results of this present study supported the hypothesis on all scales except Privacy and Sexualised Behaviour. Overall, compared to TD individuals, HFA individuals engaged in fewer social behaviours, had less sex education and fewer sexual experiences, had more pronounced concerns for the future, and showed similar levels of privacy knowledge and public sexualised behaviour. These findings suggest a need for specialised sex education programs for autistic populations; further, since social behaviour was significantly lower for autistic individuals and future concerns were higher, this suggests that sex education programs need to incorporate education about social rules to enhance social communication and understanding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=112
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.614-621[article] Self-assessed sexuality in young adults with High-Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Prianka MEHZABIN, Auteur ; Mark A. STOKES, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.614-621.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.614-621
Mots-clés : High-Functioning-Autism Sexuality Adolescence Social-function Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The literature has revealed that autistic persons of all ages show an interest in sexuality and relationships, but the poor social and communication skills found among those with autism hinders the experience of this. Unfortunately, most research to date in this domain has relied exclusively upon parental or caregiver reports. Thus there remains a need for research to be undertaken in this area based on direct reports from autistic individuals. We hypothesised that compared to Typically Developing (TD) persons, persons with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) would reveal lesser levels of sexual experience, lower levels of sexual and social behaviour, and less understanding of privacy on various subscales of the Sexualised Behaviour Scale. The results of this present study supported the hypothesis on all scales except Privacy and Sexualised Behaviour. Overall, compared to TD individuals, HFA individuals engaged in fewer social behaviours, had less sex education and fewer sexual experiences, had more pronounced concerns for the future, and showed similar levels of privacy knowledge and public sexualised behaviour. These findings suggest a need for specialised sex education programs for autistic populations; further, since social behaviour was significantly lower for autistic individuals and future concerns were higher, this suggests that sex education programs need to incorporate education about social rules to enhance social communication and understanding. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=112 Sexuality in High-Functioning Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / Laura A. PECORA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-11 (November 2016)
PermalinkShort report: Recommendations for education, clinical practice, research, and policy on promoting well-being in autistic youth and adults through a positive focus on sexuality and gender diversity / Jeroen DEWINTER in Autism, 28-3 (March 2024)
PermalinkSocio-sexual functioning in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyses of existing literature / Grace I. P. HANCOCK in Autism Research, 10-11 (November 2017)
PermalinkSources and impact of occupational demands for autistic employees / Susan M. HAYWARD in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 76 (August 2020)
PermalinkStalking, and Social and Romantic Functioning Among Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Mark A. STOKES in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-10 (November 2007)
PermalinkThe differential effects of Autism and Down's syndrome on sexual behavior / Maria Cristina GINEVRA in Autism Research, 9-1 (January 2016)
PermalinkThe relationship between alexithymia and self-esteem in autistic adolescents / Melissa STRANG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 112 (April 2024)
PermalinkValidation of Autism Spectrum Quotient Adult Version in an Australian Sample / Jaclyn BROADBENT in Autism Research and Treatment, (April 2013)
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