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Auteur Daniel P. KENNEDY |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (2)
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Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals / Umit KELES in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Umit KELES, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Lisa BYRGE, Auteur ; Heini SAARIMAKI, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 39 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis Fixation, Ocular Humans Autism Eye tracking Heterogeneity Individual differences Videos Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Across behavioral studies, autistic individuals show greater variability than typically developing individuals. However, it remains unknown to what extent this variability arises from heterogeneity across individuals, or from unreliability within individuals. Here, we focus on eye tracking, which provides rich dependent measures that have been used extensively in studies of autism. Autistic individuals have an atypical gaze onto both static visual images and dynamic videos that could be leveraged for diagnostic purposes if the above open question could be addressed. METHODS: We tested three competing hypotheses: (1) that gaze patterns of autistic individuals are less reliable or noisier than those of controls, (2) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable but heterogeneous across autistic individuals, or (3) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable and also homogeneous among autistic individuals. We collected desktop-based eye tracking data from two different full-length television sitcom episodes, at two independent sites (Caltech and Indiana University), in a total of over 150 adult participants (N=48 autistic individuals with IQ in the normal range, 105 controls) and quantified gaze onto features of the videos using automated computer vision-based feature extraction. RESULTS: We found support for the second of these hypotheses. Autistic people and controls showed equivalently reliable gaze onto specific features of videos, such as faces, so much so that individuals could be identified significantly above chance using a fingerprinting approach from video epochs as short as 2Â min. However, classification of participants into diagnostic groups based on their eye tracking data failed to produce clear group classifications, due to heterogeneity in the autistic group. LIMITATIONS: Three limitations are the relatively small sample size, assessment across only two videos (from the same television series), and the absence of other dependent measures (e.g., neuroimaging or genetics) that might have revealed individual-level variability that was not evident with eye tracking. Future studies should expand to larger samples across longer longitudinal epochs, an aim that is now becoming feasible with Internet- and phone-based eye tracking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings pave the way for the investigation of autism subtypes, and for elucidating the specific visual features that best discriminate gaze patterns-directions that will also combine with and inform neuroimaging and genetic studies of this complex disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00517-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 39 p.[article] Atypical gaze patterns in autistic adults are heterogeneous across but reliable within individuals [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Umit KELES, Auteur ; Dorit KLIEMANN, Auteur ; Lisa BYRGE, Auteur ; Heini SAARIMAKI, Auteur ; Lynn K. PAUL, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Ralph ADOLPHS, Auteur . - 39 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 39 p.
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder/diagnosis Fixation, Ocular Humans Autism Eye tracking Heterogeneity Individual differences Videos Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Across behavioral studies, autistic individuals show greater variability than typically developing individuals. However, it remains unknown to what extent this variability arises from heterogeneity across individuals, or from unreliability within individuals. Here, we focus on eye tracking, which provides rich dependent measures that have been used extensively in studies of autism. Autistic individuals have an atypical gaze onto both static visual images and dynamic videos that could be leveraged for diagnostic purposes if the above open question could be addressed. METHODS: We tested three competing hypotheses: (1) that gaze patterns of autistic individuals are less reliable or noisier than those of controls, (2) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable but heterogeneous across autistic individuals, or (3) that atypical gaze patterns are individually reliable and also homogeneous among autistic individuals. We collected desktop-based eye tracking data from two different full-length television sitcom episodes, at two independent sites (Caltech and Indiana University), in a total of over 150 adult participants (N=48 autistic individuals with IQ in the normal range, 105 controls) and quantified gaze onto features of the videos using automated computer vision-based feature extraction. RESULTS: We found support for the second of these hypotheses. Autistic people and controls showed equivalently reliable gaze onto specific features of videos, such as faces, so much so that individuals could be identified significantly above chance using a fingerprinting approach from video epochs as short as 2Â min. However, classification of participants into diagnostic groups based on their eye tracking data failed to produce clear group classifications, due to heterogeneity in the autistic group. LIMITATIONS: Three limitations are the relatively small sample size, assessment across only two videos (from the same television series), and the absence of other dependent measures (e.g., neuroimaging or genetics) that might have revealed individual-level variability that was not evident with eye tracking. Future studies should expand to larger samples across longer longitudinal epochs, an aim that is now becoming feasible with Internet- and phone-based eye tracking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings pave the way for the investigation of autism subtypes, and for elucidating the specific visual features that best discriminate gaze patterns-directions that will also combine with and inform neuroimaging and genetic studies of this complex disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00517-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Violations of Personal Space in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Insights from the Social Responsiveness Scale / Emma LOUGH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-12 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : Violations of Personal Space in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Insights from the Social Responsiveness Scale Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emma LOUGH, Auteur ; Mary HANLEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Hannah KIRK, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4101-4108 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Personal space Social distance Autism Williams syndrome Social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interpersonal distance regulation is crucial for successful social interactions. We investigated personal space awareness in Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typical development. Parents reported that individuals with WS and ASD were significantly more likely than those developing typically to invade the personal space of others. WS individuals were reported to have the least awareness of the personal space boundaries of others. Despite the suggested opposing social profiles of WS and ASD, some similarities are present in the ability, or indeed inability, to regulate interpersonal distance during social interactions. Findings are discussed in relation to implications of atypical amygdala function, inhibitory control and anxiety on real-world behaviour for such socially vulnerable groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2536-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=274
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-12 (December 2015) . - p.4101-4108[article] Violations of Personal Space in Young People with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Williams Syndrome: Insights from the Social Responsiveness Scale [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emma LOUGH, Auteur ; Mary HANLEY, Auteur ; Jacqui RODGERS, Auteur ; Mikle SOUTH, Auteur ; Hannah KIRK, Auteur ; Daniel P. KENNEDY, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur . - p.4101-4108.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-12 (December 2015) . - p.4101-4108
Mots-clés : Personal space Social distance Autism Williams syndrome Social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interpersonal distance regulation is crucial for successful social interactions. We investigated personal space awareness in Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typical development. Parents reported that individuals with WS and ASD were significantly more likely than those developing typically to invade the personal space of others. WS individuals were reported to have the least awareness of the personal space boundaries of others. Despite the suggested opposing social profiles of WS and ASD, some similarities are present in the ability, or indeed inability, to regulate interpersonal distance during social interactions. Findings are discussed in relation to implications of atypical amygdala function, inhibitory control and anxiety on real-world behaviour for such socially vulnerable groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2536-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=274