Catalogue en ligne Centre d'Information et de Documentation <br>du CRA Rhône-Alpes

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.333-334

Titre :	Risk and resilience in development and psychopathology: The legacy of Norman Garmezy
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ann S. MASTEN, Auteur ; Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.333-334
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000016
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.335-344

Titre :	Resilience as a dynamic concept
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Michael RUTTER, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.335-344
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	The concept of resilience has as its starting point the recognition that there is huge heterogeneity in people's responses to all manner of environmental adversities. Resilience is an inference based on evidence that some individuals have a better outcome than others who have experienced a comparable level of adversity; moreover, the negative experience may have either a sensitizing effect or a strengthening “steeling” effect in relation to the response to later stress or adversity. After noting the crucial importance of first testing for the environmental mediation of risk through “natural experiments,” findings are reviewed on “steeling effects” in animal models and humans. Gene–environment interaction findings are considered, and it is noted that there is some evidence that the genetic influences concerns responsivity to all environments and not just bad ones. Life course effects are reviewed in relation to evidence on turning point effects associated with experiences that increase opportunities and enhance coping. Attention is drawn to both research implications and substantive findings as features that foster resilience.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000028
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1550

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.345-361

Titre :	Resilience in developmental psychopathology: Contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ann S. MASTEN, Auteur ; Auke TELLEGEN, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.345-361
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ETUDE LONGITUDINALE PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study (PCLS) to resilience science and developmental psychopathology are highlighted in this article. Initiated by Norman Garmezy, the PCLS contributed models, measures, and methods, as well as working definitions of concepts like competence, developmental tasks, protective factors, and resilience. Findings from the study corroborated the feasibility of studying adaptation in a normative group of school children, identifying patterns of resilience, competence without major adversity, and maladaptive paths through life. Competence was multidimensional, showing continuity and change over time. Cascading effects across domains indicated that competence and problems spread over time. Thus, adult achievements in developmental tasks were rooted in childhood and adolescence. Young people who showed resilience had much in common with similarly successful peers who experienced less adversity over time, including high-quality relationships with parents and other adults, and good cognitive, as well as social–emotional, skills. Maladaptive youth in the study often faced high adversity with little adaptive capacity (internal or external) and tended to generate stressful experiences. Resilience often emerged in childhood and endured, but there also were late bloomers whose lives turned around in the transition to adulthood. The role of collaboration and mentorship in the PCLS is also discussed.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941200003X
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.363-369

Titre :	Biologically flavored perspectives on Garmezian resilience
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Daniel R. HANSON, Auteur ; Irving I. GOTTESMAN, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.363-369
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Norman Garmezy devoted the better part of four decades developing and promoting the construct of resilience for developmental psychopathology. He proposed resilience as a paradigm to guide the understanding of how people can transcend adversity and go on to live healthy, productive lives. This tribute to Norman starts with a look at the early context for his work during his distinguished tenure in the Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota. Resilience constructs are then compared from interdisciplinary perspectives across a variety of biological and physical sciences. All of these perspectives lead to similar conclusions: resilience is not a thing but a process. Furthermore, the processes are the product of energy-hungry systems. Finally, these insights are applied to difficult to modify maladaptive behaviors raising the question of a dark side to resilience.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000041
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1550

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.371-387

Titre :	How can the study of physiological reactivity contribute to our understanding of adversity and resilience processes in development?
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jelena OBRADOVIC, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.371-387
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	DEVELOPPEMENT DE L'ENFANT RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	The focus of this article is to present current progress in understanding the interplay among adversity, physiological sensitivity to context, and adaptive functioning, with an emphasis on implications and future directions for resilience researchers. It includes a review of current literature that demonstrates (a) links between various levels of adversity exposure and variability in physiological reactivity, (b) how the interplay between children's physiological reactivity and different sources of risk and adversity relates to variability in adaptive functioning, and (c) various approaches for capturing a more dynamic nature of physiological reactivity and related processes. Throughout, important conceptual and empirical issues are highlighted.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000053
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1550

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.389-409

Titre :	Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress: Recommendations for evaluating interaction effects
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Glenn I. ROISMAN, Auteur ; Daniel A. NEWMAN, Auteur ; R. Chris FRALEY, Auteur ; John D. HALTIGAN, Auteur ; Ashley M. GROH, Auteur ; Katherine C. HAYDON, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.389-409
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This report describes the state of the art in distinguishing data generated by differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress models. We discuss several limitations of existing practices for probing interaction effects and offer solutions that are designed to better differentiate differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress models and quantify their corresponding implications. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these methods by revisiting published evidence suggesting that temperamental difficulty serves as a marker of enhanced susceptibility to early maternal caregiving across a range of outcome domains in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. We find that, with the exception of mother reports of psychopathology, there is consistent evidence in the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development that the predictive significance of early sensitivity is moderated by difficult temperament over time. However, differential susceptibility effects emerged primarily for teacher reports of academic skills, social competence, and symptomatology. In contrast, effects more consistent with the diathesis–stress model were obtained for mother reports of social skills and objective tests of academic skills. We conclude by discussing the value of the application of this work to the next wave of Gene × Environment studies focused on early caregiving experiences.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000065
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.411-427

Titre :	Gene × Environment interaction and resilience: Effects of child maltreatment and serotonin, corticotropin releasing hormone, dopamine, and oxytocin genes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Dante CICCHETTI, Auteur ; Fred A. ROGOSCH, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.411-427
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ENFANT GENETIQUE MALTRAITANCE RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	In this investigation, gene–environment interaction effects in predicting resilience in adaptive functioning among maltreated and nonmaltreated low-income children (N = 595) were examined. A multicomponent index of resilient functioning was derived and levels of resilient functioning were identified. Variants in four genes (serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region, corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, dopamine receptor D4–521C/T, and oxytocin receptor) were investigated. In a series of analyses of covariance, child maltreatment demonstrated a strong negative main effect on children's resilient functioning, whereas no main effects for any of the genotypes of the respective genes were found. However, gene–environment interactions involving genotypes of each of the respective genes and maltreatment status were obtained. For each respective gene, among children with a specific genotype, the relative advantage in resilient functioning of nonmaltreated compared to maltreated children was stronger than was the case for nonmaltreated and maltreated children with other genotypes of the respective gene. Across the four genes, a composite of the genotypes that more strongly differentiated resilient functioning between nonmaltreated and maltreated children provided further evidence of genetic variations influencing resilient functioning in nonmaltreated children, whereas genetic variation had a negligible effect on promoting resilience among maltreated children. Additional effects were observed for children based on the number of subtypes of maltreatment children experienced, as well as for abuse and neglect subgroups. Finally, maltreated and nonmaltreated children with high levels of resilience differed in their average number of differentiating genotypes. These results suggest that differential resilient outcomes are based on the interaction between genes and developmental experiences.
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.429-449

Titre :	Are affluent youth truly “at risk”? Vulnerability and resilience across three diverse samples
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Suniya S. LUTHAR, Auteur ; Samuel H. BARKIN, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.429-449
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	RESILIENCE VULNERABILITE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Building upon prior findings of elevated problems among East Coast suburban youth through the 11th grade, this study establishes disproportionately high incidence of maladjustment across three disparate samples: East Coast Suburban youth at the end of their senior year in high school, and 11th and 12th graders in (a) a Northwest suburb and (b) an East Coast city. Both East Coast samples showed pronounced elevations in substance use, whereas the Northwest suburban sample showed marked vulnerability in serious internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Across all samples, parents’ low perceived containment for substance use (lax repercussions on discovering use) was a major vulnerability factor, followed by parents’ knowledge of their teens’ activities. Overall, adolescents’ symptom levels were more strongly related to their relationships with mothers than with fathers. An exception was boys’ apparent vulnerability to fathers’, but not mothers’, perceived depressive symptoms. As with affluent eighth graders, we found that “overscheduling” in extracurriculars is not a critical vulnerability factor among these high school students. Finally, youth reports suggested that most affluent parents do not indiscriminately bail their children out of all problem situations (although a small subset, apparently, do). Results are discussed along with the implications for practice and for future research.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000089
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.451-473

Titre :	The adaptation and well-being of adolescent immigrants in Greek schools: A multilevel, longitudinal study of risks and resources
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Frosso MOTTI-STEFANIDI, Auteur ; Jens B. ASENDORPF, Auteur ; Ann S. MASTEN, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.451-473
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ADOLESCENT ETUDE LONGITUDINALE RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This study examined growth patterns in adaptation of immigrant youth from a risk and resilience perspective. Students from first- and second-generation immigrant families living in Greece and their nonimmigrant classmates (N = 1,057) were assessed over the first 3 years of secondary school (ages 13–15). Three-level hierarchical linear models were used to disentangle individual and classroom-level effects on initial level and change in academic achievement, conduct, peer popularity, and psychological well-being. At the individual level, adaptation was more related to self-efficacy and parental school involvement (resources) than immigrant status and social adversity (risks). Only for academic achievement did risks explain variance when resources were controlled. Parental school involvement moderated the effect of immigrant status for initial level and growth in achievement. For all students, achievement and conduct worsened over time. At the classroom level, socioeconomic and ethnic composition of the classroom moderated the effects of self-efficacy and immigrant status on academic achievement and peer popularity, respectively. Second-generation immigrants were more popular than first-generation immigrants, but showed a larger decrease over time in school achievement. Results support a developmental, differentiated, and contextualized approach to the study of immigrant youth adaptation.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000090
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.475-492

Titre :	Adapting to aging out: Profiles of risk and resilience among emancipated foster youth
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Tuppett M. YATES, Auteur ; Izabela K. GREY, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.475-492
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ADULTE RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This investigation employed latent profile analysis to identify distinct patterns of multiform competence among 164 emancipated foster youth (Mage = 19.67 years, SD = 1.12; 64% female). Fit indices and conceptual interpretation converged on a four-profile solution. A subset of emancipated youth evidenced a maladaptive profile (16.5%; n = 27), which was characterized by low educational competence, low occupational competence, low civic engagement, problematic interpersonal relationships, low self-esteem, and high depressive symptoms. However, the largest group of emancipated youth exhibited a resilient profile in which they were faring reasonably well in all domains despite marked adversity (47%; n = 77). Two additional groups evidenced discordant adjustment patterns wherein they exhibited high levels of psychological competence despite behavioral difficulties (i.e., internally resilient; 30%; n = 49) or significant emotional difficulties despite manifest competence (i.e., externally resilient; 6.5%; n = 11). The obtained profiles were validated against independent measures of behavioral and socioemotional adjustment. Exploratory analyses examined etiological differences across profiles with respect to child welfare variables, such as age at entry into care, placement disruption, reason for placement, and severity of child maltreatment. The findings highlight the need for multidimensional models of risk and resilience and illustrate the importance of heretofore underappreciated heterogeneity in the adaptive outcomes of emancipated foster youth.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000107
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.493-505

Titre :	Resilience in the transition to adulthood
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Keith B. BURT, Auteur ; Amy A. PAYSNICK, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.493-505
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ADULTE RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	The emerging adulthood years, commonly defined as the late teens and twenties, represent a period of significant variability and change for much of the population. Thus, it is important for the field to consider pathways of at-risk youth as they move through this key window of development. We review research on positive outcomes in the transition to adulthood following a history of experienced adversity, including both investigations focused on resilience in diverse specific populations as well as broader longitudinal studies. There is compelling evidence for major protective and promotive factors identified in younger age periods continuing to exert an influence at this stage of development, along with evidence for new factors unique to this developmental time and/or to specific populations. We conclude by noting recommendations for future work in this area, emphasizing Garmezy's call for the testing of competing models.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000119
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.507-528

Titre :	Childhood personality as a harbinger of competence and resilience in adulthood
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Rebecca L. SHINER, Auteur ; Ann S. MASTEN, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.507-528
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ADULTE RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This study examined the significance of childhood Big Five personality traits for competence and resilience in early adulthood. Resilience was defined in terms of adaptive success in age-salient developmental tasks despite significant adversity throughout childhood/adolescence. The Project Competence Longitudinal Study tracked 205 young people from childhood (around age 10) to emerging adulthood (EA, age 20) and young adulthood (YA, age 30; 90% retention). Multimethod composites were created for personality traits, adversity exposure, and adult outcomes of academic achievement, work, rule-abiding conduct, friendship, and romantic relationships. Regressions showed significant main effects of childhood personality predicting adult outcomes, controlling for adversity, with few interaction effects. In person-focused analyses, the resilient group in EA and YA (high competence, high adversity) showed higher childhood conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness and lower neuroticism than the maladaptive group (low competence, high adversity). The competent (high competence, low adversity) and resilient groups showed similar childhood traits. Turnaround cases, who changed from the maladaptive group in EA to the resilient group in YA, exhibited higher childhood conscientiousness than persistently maladaptive peers. Findings suggest that children on pathways to success in adulthood, whether facing low or high adversity, have capacities for emotion regulation, empathy and connection, dedication to schoolwork, and mastery and exploration.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000120
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.529-536

Titre :	The puzzle of schizophrenia: Tracking the core role of cognitive deficits
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Keith H. NUECHTERLEIN, Auteur ; Kenneth L. SUBOTNIK, Auteur ; Joseph VENTURA, Auteur ; Michael F. GREEN, Auteur ; Denise GRETCHEN-DOORLY, Auteur ; Robert F. ASARNOW, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.529-536
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	DEFICIENCE COGNITIVE SCHIZOPHRENIE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are increasingly accepted as core features of this disorder that play a role as vulnerability indicators, as enduring abnormalities during clinical remission, and as critical rate-limiting factors in functional recovery. This article demonstrates the lasting influence of Norman Garmezy through his impact on one graduate student and then through his later collaborative research with colleagues. The promise of core cognitive deficits as vulnerability indicators or endophenotypes was demonstrated in research with children born to a parent with schizophrenia as well as with biological parents and siblings of individuals with schizophrenia. In studies of patients with a recent onset of schizophrenia, cognitive deficits were found to endure across psychotic and clinically remitted periods and to have a strong predictive influence on likelihood of returning successfully to work or school. Converging lines of evidence for the enduring core role of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia have led in recent years to a burgeoning interest in developing new interventions that target cognition as a means of improving functional recovery in this disorder.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000132
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.537-552

Titre :	In their own words: The experience of mothering as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Margaret WRIGHT O'DOUGHERTY, Auteur ; Joan FOPMA-LOY, Auteur ; Katherine OBERLE, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.537-552
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ABUS SEXUEL PARENTALITE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This article reviews past research on the parenting characteristics of childhood sexual abuse survivors and presents the results of a qualitative study exploring the women's perspectives on mothering as a survivor. Grounded theory was used in the collection and analysis of the data. Data sources included the narrative responses of 79 women (mean age = 38.2 years) and in-depth interviews of a purposive sample of 15 women (mean age = 39 years). They had an average of 2.2 children, ranging in age from 5 months to young adulthood. The theoretical model identified through analysis of data using the constant comparison method was entitled “The Hard Work of Mothering as a Survivor.” Processes emerged that described the ways participants managed the work of mothering in light of memories of the abuse and attempts to heal from this earlier trauma. The conditions for committing to the work included becoming aware of and accepting the reality of the abuse and how it affected one's life, and taking on the hard work of developing a mothering self. This included expanding awareness, developing and evaluating a personal model of mothering, navigating typical and abuse salient parenting challenges, mothering through the pain of recovery, and battling for balance. The findings highlighted the dynamic, multifaceted nature of recovery and resilience for these mothers and the need for an increased focus on parenting in counseling with childhood sexual abuse survivors. Provision of anticipatory guidance regarding commonly experienced stressors at varying stages of the child's development and the mother's stage of recovery and methods for coping with these challenges, would benefit these mothers and promote parenting competence. Specific implications for psychotherapy and directions for future research are discussed.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000144
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.553-558

Titre :	Children and war: Risk, resilience, and recovery
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Emmy E. WERNER, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.553-558
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ENFANT RESILIENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This article reviews and reflects on studies that have explored the effects of war on children around the world. Most are cross-sectional and based on self-reports. They describe a range of mental health problems, related to dose effects and to the negative impact of being a victim or witness of violent acts, threats to and loss of loved ones, prolonged parental absence, and forced displacement. The more recent the exposure to war, and the older the child, the higher was the likelihood of reported posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Especially vulnerable to long-term emotional distress were child soldiers, children who were raped, and children who had been forcibly displaced. In adulthood, war-traumatized children displayed significantly increased risks for a wide range of medical conditions, especially cardiovascular diseases. Among protective factors that moderated the impact of war-related adversities in children were a strong bond between the primary caregiver and the child, the social support of teachers and peers, and a shared sense of values. Among the few documented intervention studies for children of war, school-based interventions, implemented by teachers or locally trained paraprofessionals, proved to be a feasible and low-cost alternative to individual or group therapy. More longitudinal research with multiple informants is needed to document the trajectories of risk and resilience in war-affected children, to assess their long-term development and mental health, and to identify effective treatment approaches.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000156
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.559-571

Titre :	Changes in adolescents' risk factors following peer sexual coercion: Evidence for a feedback loop
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Brennan J. YOUNG, Auteur ; Wyndol FURMAN, Auteur ; Meredith C. JONES, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.559-571
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ABUS SEXUEL ADOLESCENT MALTRAITANCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Investigators have identified a number of factors that increase the risk for experiencing sexual coercion, but as yet little is known about how sexual coercion in turn affects these risk factors. Using a sample of 110 adolescents, the current study examined the hypothesis that, after an incident of sexual coercion, adolescents would exhibit increases in several behaviors known to increase risk for victimization. As predicted, after experiencing sexual coercion, adolescents reported increased externalizing symptoms, more frequent sexual intercourse and a greater total number of intercourse partners. Finally, alcohol use, drug use, and problems related to substance use increased. These findings suggest the presence of a feedback loop, in which the experience of sexual coercion leads to an intensification of the factors that initially contributed risk for coercion.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000168
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.573-587

Titre :	Personality of parents with bipolar disorder and interpersonal functioning among their offspring: A prospective 10-year study
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Caroline S. OSTIGUY, Auteur ; Mark A. ELLENBOGEN, Auteur ; Sheilagh HODGINS, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.573-587
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ETUDE PROSPECTIVE PARENT TROUBLE BIPOLAIRE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	A comparison of offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) and offspring of parents with no mental disorder (ONMD) showed that parents' neuroticism was associated with internalizing and externalizing problems among their children. The present study examined whether parents' neuroticism predicted poor interpersonal functioning among offspring 10 years later and whether the problems observed in middle childhood mediated the association between parents' neuroticism and offspring functioning. When offspring were in middle childhood, parents completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory and rated the child's behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist. Ten years later, 65 OBD and 59 ONMD completed interviews assessing mental disorders and interpersonal and noninterpersonal functioning. High neuroticism and low agreeableness in parents predicted poor interpersonal functioning in their offspring in late adolescence–early adulthood. The offspring's externalizing and internalizing problems in middle childhood partially mediated the association between parents' personality and offspring interpersonal functioning. Moreover, the association between parents' neuroticism and offspring internalizing problems was stronger among the OBD than the ONMD. Overall, the results suggested an intergenerational transmission of risk whereby high neuroticism and low agreeableness in parents were associated with behavioral problems among offspring in middle childhood that, in turn, predicted poor interpersonal functioning 10 years later.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941200017X
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.589-606

Titre :	In search of security: The latent structure of the Adult Attachment Interview revisited
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Katherine C. HAYDON, Auteur ; Glenn I. ROISMAN, Auteur ; Keith B. BURT, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.589-606
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Building on Roisman, Fraley, and Belsky, who produced evidence for two modestly correlated dimensions (i.e., dismissing and preoccupied states of mind) underlying individual differences in attachment as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview using the Main and Goldwyn classification system, this report replicates and extends relevant evidence in a large sample of adults (N = 842) who completed the Adult Attachment Interview coded using Kobak's Adult Attachment Interview Q-Sort. Principal components analysis of item-level Q-Sort data yielded two state of mind (dismissing vs. free to evaluate and preoccupied vs. not) and two inferred experience (maternal and paternal) components that were associated with two domains of theoretical significance to attachment theory: interpersonal functioning in a romantic context and symptoms of psychopathology. Results revealed distinctive behavioral correlates of dismissing versus preoccupied states of mind and emphasize the differential predictive significance for developmental adaptation of attachment states of mind versus adults' recollections of their early experiences. Implications for adult attachment methodology and theory are discussed.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000181
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.607-622

Titre :	A longitudinal study of self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in youth of a North American Plains tribe
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Walter D. SCOTT, Auteur ; Eric DEARING, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.607-622
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ETUDE LONGITUDINALE TROUBLE DEPRESSIF
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	We used a 3-year cross-sequential longitudinal design to examine the relations between self-efficacy judgments in three different domains (academic, social, resisting negative peer influences), cultural identity, theories of intelligence, and depressive symptoms. One hundred ninety-eight American Indian youths participated in the study, who all attended a middle school on a reservation in the northern plains of the United States. We conducted multilevel models to examine both between- and within-person associations as well as to investigate lagged within-youth associations. We found that not only did youths with relatively high self-efficacy have lower depressive symptom levels than other youths, but also increases in efficacy beliefs for academic, social, and for resisting negative peer influences predicted decreases in depressive symptoms within youths, even after controlling for previous levels of depressive symptoms as well as both contemporaneous and previous academic achievement. Neither cultural identity nor theories of intelligence moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and depression. As the first evidence that within-youth improvements in self-efficacy has developmental benefits, our findings help fill a long empty niche in the line of studies investigating the impact of efficacy beliefs on depressive symptoms.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000193
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1552

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.623-636

Titre :	Dissociation between affective sharing and emotion understanding in juvenile psychopaths
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yawei CHENG, Auteur ; An-Yi HUNG, Auteur ; Jean DECETY, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.623-636
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	DEVELOPPEMENT AFFECTIF PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Empathy dysfunction is one of the core characteristics of youth with callous–unemotional (CU) traits. How such a dysfunction is associated with abnormal neural processing, however, remains to be determined. This study combined assessment of Hare Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version, pressure pain threshold, and event-related brain potentials elicited by the perception of people in pain in 15 young offenders with low CU traits (LCU), 13 with high CU traits (HCU), and 15 typically developing controls. Compared to the controls, LCU and HCU had higher pain thresholds. Although only the central late positive potential (LPP) was reduced in LCU, both the frontal N120 and central LPP were diminished in HCU. When exposed to situations in which someone was harmed by another, HCU retained the LPP, and this response was significantly correlated with their psychopathic traits and pain thresholds. Both groups had no deficit in sensorimotor resonance as assessed by mu suppression. These results demonstrate that youth with HCU exhibit atypical neural dynamics of pain empathy processing in the early stage of affective arousal, which is coupled with their relative insensitivity to actual pain. Their capacity to understand intentionality, however, was not affected. Such uncoupling between affective arousal and emotion understanding may contribute to instigating aggressive behaviors in juvenile psychopaths.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941200020X
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1552

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.637-650

Titre :	Physiological correlates of peer victimization and aggression in African American urban adolescents
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Wendy KLIEWER, Auteur ; Ashley E. DIBBLE, Auteur ; Kimberly GOODMAN, Auteur ; Terri SULLIVAN, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.637-650
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ADOLESCENCE MALTRAITANCE VIOLENCE
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This study examined physiological correlates (cortisol and α-amylase [AA]) of peer victimization and aggression in a sample of 228 adolescents (45% male, 55% female; 90% African American; M age = 14 years, SD = 1.6 years) who participated in a longitudinal study of stress, physiology, and adjustment. Adolescents were classified into victimization/aggression groups based on patterns with three waves of data. At Wave 3, youth completed the Social Competence Interview (SCI), and four saliva samples were collected prior to, during, and following the SCI. Repeated-measures analyses of variance with victimization/aggression group as the predictor, and physiological measures as outcomes, controlling for time of day, pubertal status, and medication use revealed significant Group × SCI Phase interactions for salivary AA (sAA), but not for cortisol. The results did not differ by sex. For analyses with physical victimization/aggression, aggressive and nonaggressive victims showed increases in sAA during the SCI, nonvictimized aggressors showed a decrease, and the normative contrast group did not show any change. For analyses with relational victimization/aggression, nonaggressive victims were the only group who demonstrated sAA reactivity. Incorporating physiological measures into peer victimization studies may give researchers and clinicians insight into youth's behavior regulation, and help shape prevention or intervention efforts.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000211
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[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.651-660

Titre :	Verbal mediation of cognition in children with specific language impairment
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jane S. M. LIDSTONE, Auteur ; Elizabeth MEINS, Auteur ; Charles FERNYHOUGH, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.651-660
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	COGNITION COMPETENCE VERBALE ENFANT TROUBLE SPECIFIQUE DU LANGAGE (TSDL)
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Private speech (PS) and inner speech (IS) are thought to be functionally important for children's and adults’ cognition, but they have not been studied systematically in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Participants were 21 children with SLI (7–11 years, expressive or receptive verbal IQ ≤ 75, nonverbal IQ ≥ 84) and 21 age- and nonverbal IQ-matched controls. Participants completed three sets of Tower of London problems: one with no dual task (PS condition), one with articulatory suppression, and one while foot tapping (control condition). Participants also completed a digit span task. There was no group difference in the susceptibility of Tower of London performance to articulatory suppression, but the PS of the SLI group was less internalized than that of the controls on both tasks. The findings suggest that children with SLI experience a significant delay in the development of PS/IS, but that their PS/IS is effective for Tower of London performance in middle childhood. Findings are discussed with reference to the interpretation of the nonlinguistic deficits associated with SLI, and in terms of clinical implications.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000223
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1552

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.661-675

Titre :	Affective and physiological responses to stress in girls at elevated risk for depression
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Christian E. WAUGH, Auteur ; Luma MUHTADIE, Auteur ; Renee THOMPSON, Auteur ; Jutta JOORMANN, Auteur ; Ian H. GOTLIB, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.661-675
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	DEPRESSION ENFANT STRESS
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Children of depressed parents are significantly more likely to develop depression and other mental health disorders than are children of never-depressed parents. Investigations of the physiological mechanisms underlying this elevated risk have generally focused on basal functioning. It is important to note, however, that physiological reactivity or responses to stress are also critical determinants of mental and physical health. In the current study, we examined whether children of depressed parents exhibit altered physiological responses to stress. In two studies, never-depressed adolescent daughters of either recurrently depressed mothers (RISK) or never-depressed mothers (CTL) underwent social stressors while their physiological responses were measured (cortisol in Study 1, heart rate in Study 2). In both studies, affective responses to the stressors predicted physiological responses in RISK girls, but not in never-depressed girls. For RISK girls, decreased positive affect in response to stress predicted increased cortisol reactivity; in addition, decreased positive affect and increased negative affect were associated with poorer heart rate recovery and habituation, respectively. Future research is needed to examine explicitly whether this coherence between affect and physiology is a mechanism underlying the increased risk for psychopathology in children of depressed parents.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000235
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1552

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.677-689

Titre :	Children's vagal regulatory capacity predicts attenuated sympathetic stress reactivity in a socially supportive context: Evidence for a protective effect of the vagal system
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Brian C. WOLFF, Auteur ; Martha E. WADSWORTH, Auteur ; Frank H. WILHELM, Auteur ; Iris B. MAUSS, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.677-689
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	ENFANT STRESS
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	Social support and vagal regulatory capacity (VRC), an index of flexible vagal responses during various types of stress, are linked to attenuated stress responding and positive health outcomes. Guided by the polyvagal perspective, we tested whether children's VRC is associated with attenuated sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stress reactivity in socially supportive conditions. Sixty-one 4- to 5-year-old children living in poverty underwent two standardized laboratory stress induction procedures. Cardiac vagal reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) to a first set of stressors (social, cognitive, physical, and emotional) indexed VRC. During a second set of stressors, participants were randomly assigned to a supportive or nonsupportive social context, and cardiac sympathetic reactivity (preejection period) was assessed. We hypothesized VRC would predict lower SNS stress reactivity, but only in the socially supportive context. Children with high VRC showed attenuated SNS stress reactivity in the socially supportive context compared to children with high VRC in the nonsupportive context and children with low VRC in either context. Individual differences in VRC predict attenuated SNS stress reactivity in socially supportive conditions. Understanding how social support and VRC jointly mitigate SNS stress reactivity may further efforts to prevent negative health outcomes. Implications for biological sensitivity to context and differential susceptibility theories are discussed.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000247
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1552

[article]
in Development and Psychopathology > 24-2 (May 2012) . - p.691-701

Titre :	Explaining the longitudinal association between puberty and depression: Sex differences in the mediating effects of peer stress
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Colleen S. CONLEY, Auteur ; Karen D. RUDOLPH, Auteur ; Fred B. BRYANT, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	p.691-701
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Catégories :	DEPRESSION PUBERTE STRESS
Index. décimale :	PER Périodiques
Résumé :	This research investigated whether exposure to peer stress serves as one pathway through which pubertal development contributes to depression over time, differentially for girls and boys. Youth (N = 149; 9.6–14.8 years) and their caregivers provided information at two waves, 1 year apart, on puberty (Wave 1), peer stress (occurring between Waves 1 and 2), and depression (Waves 1 and 2). Structural equation modeling analyses examined sex differences in the extent to which peer stress mediated the impact of pubertal status and timing on subsequent depression (i.e., tests of moderated mediation). Significant sex-moderated mediation was found for both pubertal status and timing. As indicated by moderate effect proportions, in girls, heightened peer stress partially mediated the longitudinal association between (a) more advanced pubertal status and depression; and (b) linear, but not curvilinear, pubertal timing (i.e., earlier maturation) and depression. This research contributes to our growing understanding of the interplay among physical, psychological, and social processes involved in the sex difference in adolescent depression.
En ligne :	http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000259
Permalink :	http://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1552

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