173 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Fractionated-reaction-time'

Intensity to force translation: a new effect of stimulus-response compatibility revealed by analysis of response time and electromyographic activity of a prime mover / Patricia ROMAIGUERE in Cognitive Brain Research, 1-3 (October 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.197-201 Titre : Intensity to force translation: a new effect of stimulus-response compatibility revealed by analysis of response time and electromyographic activity of a prime mover Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Patricia ROMAIGUERE, Auteur ; Thierry HASBRIUCQ, Auteur ; Camille-Aimé POSSAMAI, Auteur ; John SEAL, Auteur Année de publication : 1993 Article en page(s) : p.197-201 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fractionated-reaction-time Visual-stimulus-intensity Isometric-contraction Man Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In reaction time studies of stimulus-response compatibility, emphasis has been placed on the influence of spatial stimulus-response relationships, but what seems to be essential for the emergence of an effect of stimulus-response compatibility is the existence of a conceptual match between stimulus and response variables. This notion was at the origin of the present study to assess the compatibility relationship between the intensity of a visual stimulus and the force of a voluntary muscle contraction. A stimulus-response compatibility effect was demonstrated. This effect was entirely due to premotoric processes. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=781 [article] Intensity to force translation: a new effect of stimulus-response compatibility revealed by analysis of response time and electromyographic activity of a prime mover [texte imprimé] / Patricia ROMAIGUERE, Auteur ; Thierry HASBRIUCQ, Auteur ; Camille-Aimé POSSAMAI, Auteur ; John SEAL, Auteur . - 1993 . - p.197-201. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Cognitive Brain Research > 1-3 (October 1993) . - p.197-201 Mots-clés : Fractionated-reaction-time Visual-stimulus-intensity Isometric-contraction Man Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In reaction time studies of stimulus-response compatibility, emphasis has been placed on the influence of spatial stimulus-response relationships, but what seems to be essential for the emergence of an effect of stimulus-response compatibility is the existence of a conceptual match between stimulus and response variables. This notion was at the origin of the present study to assess the compatibility relationship between the intensity of a visual stimulus and the force of a voluntary muscle contraction. A stimulus-response compatibility effect was demonstrated. This effect was entirely due to premotoric processes. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=781

Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There / Fredrik ALLENMARK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3744-3758 Titre : Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fredrik ALLENMARK, Auteur ; Zhuanghua SHI, Auteur ; Rasmus L. PISTORIUS, Auteur ; Laura A. THEISINGER, Auteur ; Nikolaos KOUTSOULERIS, Auteur ; P. FALKAI, Auteur ; Hermann J. MÃœLLER, Auteur ; Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3744-3758 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Knowledge  Learning  Reaction Time  Predictive coding  Visual attention  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to under-rely on prior knowledge in perceptual decision-making. This study examined whether this applies to decisions of attention allocation, of relevance for 'predictive-coding' accounts of ASD. In a visual search task, a salient but task-irrelevant distractor appeared with higher probability in one display half. Individuals with ASD learned to avoid 'attentional capture' by distractors in the probable region as effectively as control participants-indicating typical priors for deploying attention. However, capture by a 'surprising' distractor at an unlikely location led to greatly slowed identification of a subsequent target at that location-indicating that individuals with ASD attempt to control surprise (unexpected attentional capture) by over-regulating parameters in post-selective decision-making. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04828-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 [article] Acquisition and Use of 'Priors' in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There [texte imprimé] / Fredrik ALLENMARK, Auteur ; Zhuanghua SHI, Auteur ; Rasmus L. PISTORIUS, Auteur ; Laura A. THEISINGER, Auteur ; Nikolaos KOUTSOULERIS, Auteur ; P. FALKAI, Auteur ; Hermann J. MÃœLLER, Auteur ; Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.3744-3758. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-10 (October 2021) . - p.3744-3758 Mots-clés : Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Humans  Knowledge  Learning  Reaction Time  Predictive coding  Visual attention  Visual search Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to under-rely on prior knowledge in perceptual decision-making. This study examined whether this applies to decisions of attention allocation, of relevance for 'predictive-coding' accounts of ASD. In a visual search task, a salient but task-irrelevant distractor appeared with higher probability in one display half. Individuals with ASD learned to avoid 'attentional capture' by distractors in the probable region as effectively as control participants-indicating typical priors for deploying attention. However, capture by a 'surprising' distractor at an unlikely location led to greatly slowed identification of a subsequent target at that location-indicating that individuals with ASD attempt to control surprise (unexpected attentional capture) by over-regulating parameters in post-selective decision-making. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04828-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453

Alpha oscillatory activity during attentional control in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and ASD+ADHD / Roser CAÑIGUERAL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-7 (July 2022) . - p.745-761 Titre : Alpha oscillatory activity during attentional control in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and ASD+ADHD Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Roser CAÑIGUERAL, Auteur ; Jason PALMER, Auteur ; Karen L. ASHWOOD, Auteur ; Bahare AZADI, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Gráinne MCLOUGHLIN, Auteur ; Charlotte TYE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.745-761 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Executive Function/physiology  Humans  Reaction Time/physiology  Adhd  Autism Spectrum Disorder  attention  comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) share impairments in top-down and bottom-up modulation of attention. However, it is not yet well understood if co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD reflects a distinct or additive profile of attention deficits. We aimed to characterise alpha oscillatory activity (stimulus-locked alpha desynchronisation and prestimulus alpha) as an index of integration of top-down and bottom-up attentional processes in ASD and ADHD. METHODS: Children with ASD, ADHD, comorbid ASD+ADHD, and typically-developing children completed a fixed-choice reaction-time task ('Fast task') while neurophysiological activity was recorded. Outcome measures were derived from source-decomposed neurophysiological data. Main measures of interest were prestimulus alpha power and alpha desynchronisation (difference between poststimulus and prestimulus alpha). Poststimulus activity linked to attention allocation (P1, P3), attentional control (N2), and cognitive control (theta synchronisation, 100-600 ms) was also examined. ANOVA was used to test differences across diagnostics groups on these measures. Spearman's correlations were used to investigate the relationship between attentional control processes (alpha oscillations), central executive functions (theta synchronisation), early visual processing (P1), and behavioural performance. RESULTS: Children with ADHD (ADHD and ASD+ADHD) showed attenuated alpha desynchronisation, indicating poor integration of top-down and bottom-up attentional processes. Children with ADHD showed reduced N2 and P3 amplitudes, while children with ASD (ASD and ASD+ADHD) showed greater N2 amplitude, indicating atypical attentional control and attention allocation across ASD and ADHD. In the ASD group, prestimulus alpha and theta synchronisation were negatively correlated, and alpha desynchronisation and theta synchronisation were positively correlated, suggesting an atypical association between attentional control processes and executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: ASD and ADHD are associated with disorder-specific impairments, while children with ASD+ADHD overall presented an additive profile with attentional deficits of both disorders. Importantly, these findings may inform the improvement of transdiagnostic procedures and optimisation of personalised intervention approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13514 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Alpha oscillatory activity during attentional control in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and ASD+ADHD [texte imprimé] / Roser CAÑIGUERAL, Auteur ; Jason PALMER, Auteur ; Karen L. ASHWOOD, Auteur ; Bahare AZADI, Auteur ; Philip ASHERSON, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Gráinne MCLOUGHLIN, Auteur ; Charlotte TYE, Auteur . - p.745-761. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-7 (July 2022) . - p.745-761 Mots-clés : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Child  Executive Function/physiology  Humans  Reaction Time/physiology  Adhd  Autism Spectrum Disorder  attention  comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) share impairments in top-down and bottom-up modulation of attention. However, it is not yet well understood if co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD reflects a distinct or additive profile of attention deficits. We aimed to characterise alpha oscillatory activity (stimulus-locked alpha desynchronisation and prestimulus alpha) as an index of integration of top-down and bottom-up attentional processes in ASD and ADHD. METHODS: Children with ASD, ADHD, comorbid ASD+ADHD, and typically-developing children completed a fixed-choice reaction-time task ('Fast task') while neurophysiological activity was recorded. Outcome measures were derived from source-decomposed neurophysiological data. Main measures of interest were prestimulus alpha power and alpha desynchronisation (difference between poststimulus and prestimulus alpha). Poststimulus activity linked to attention allocation (P1, P3), attentional control (N2), and cognitive control (theta synchronisation, 100-600 ms) was also examined. ANOVA was used to test differences across diagnostics groups on these measures. Spearman's correlations were used to investigate the relationship between attentional control processes (alpha oscillations), central executive functions (theta synchronisation), early visual processing (P1), and behavioural performance. RESULTS: Children with ADHD (ADHD and ASD+ADHD) showed attenuated alpha desynchronisation, indicating poor integration of top-down and bottom-up attentional processes. Children with ADHD showed reduced N2 and P3 amplitudes, while children with ASD (ASD and ASD+ADHD) showed greater N2 amplitude, indicating atypical attentional control and attention allocation across ASD and ADHD. In the ASD group, prestimulus alpha and theta synchronisation were negatively correlated, and alpha desynchronisation and theta synchronisation were positively correlated, suggesting an atypical association between attentional control processes and executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: ASD and ADHD are associated with disorder-specific impairments, while children with ASD+ADHD overall presented an additive profile with attentional deficits of both disorders. Importantly, these findings may inform the improvement of transdiagnostic procedures and optimisation of personalised intervention approaches. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13514 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Altered attentional processing in male and female rats in a prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder / Kumari ANSHU in Autism Research, 10-12 (December 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1929-1944 Titre : Altered attentional processing in male and female rats in a prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kumari ANSHU, Auteur ; Ajay Kumar NAIR, Auteur ; U.D. KUMARESAN, Auteur ; Bindu M. KUTTY, Auteur ; Shoba SRINATH, Auteur ; T. Rao LAXMI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1929-1944 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  attention  5-choice serial reaction time task  sex differences  prenatal valproic acid  animal models  environmental risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention is foundational to efficient perception and optimal goal driven behavior. Intact attentional processing is crucial for the development of social and communication skills. Deficits in attention are therefore likely contributors to the core pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinical evidence in ASD is suggestive of impairments in attention and its control, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined sustained, spatially divided attention in a prenatal valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). As compared to controls, male and female VPA rats had progressively lower accuracy and higher omissions with increasing attentional demands during 5-CSRTT training, and showed further performance decrements when subjected to parametric task manipulations. It is noteworthy that although VPA exposure induced attentional deficits in both sexes, there were task parameter specific sex differences. Importantly, we did not find evidence of impulsivity or motivational deficits in VPA rats but we did find reduced social preference, as well as sensorimotor deficits that suggest pre-attentional information processing impairments. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining attentional functions in a VPA model. Our work underscores the need for studying both sexes in ASD animal models and validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for mechanistic understanding of aberrant attentional functions and for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1929–1944. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We studied rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), an established rodent model of autism. Both male and female VPA rats had a range of attentional impairments with sex-specific characteristics. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. Our work validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets for improving attentional performance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1852 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323 [article] Altered attentional processing in male and female rats in a prenatal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Kumari ANSHU, Auteur ; Ajay Kumar NAIR, Auteur ; U.D. KUMARESAN, Auteur ; Bindu M. KUTTY, Auteur ; Shoba SRINATH, Auteur ; T. Rao LAXMI, Auteur . - p.1929-1944. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-12 (December 2017) . - p.1929-1944 Mots-clés : autism  attention  5-choice serial reaction time task  sex differences  prenatal valproic acid  animal models  environmental risk factors Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention is foundational to efficient perception and optimal goal driven behavior. Intact attentional processing is crucial for the development of social and communication skills. Deficits in attention are therefore likely contributors to the core pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinical evidence in ASD is suggestive of impairments in attention and its control, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined sustained, spatially divided attention in a prenatal valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). As compared to controls, male and female VPA rats had progressively lower accuracy and higher omissions with increasing attentional demands during 5-CSRTT training, and showed further performance decrements when subjected to parametric task manipulations. It is noteworthy that although VPA exposure induced attentional deficits in both sexes, there were task parameter specific sex differences. Importantly, we did not find evidence of impulsivity or motivational deficits in VPA rats but we did find reduced social preference, as well as sensorimotor deficits that suggest pre-attentional information processing impairments. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining attentional functions in a VPA model. Our work underscores the need for studying both sexes in ASD animal models and validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for mechanistic understanding of aberrant attentional functions and for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1929–1944. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary We studied rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA), an established rodent model of autism. Both male and female VPA rats had a range of attentional impairments with sex-specific characteristics. Importantly, with fixed rules, graded difficulty levels, and more time, VPA rats could be successfully trained on the attentional task. Our work validates the use of the VPA model in the quest for evaluating suitable therapeutic targets for improving attentional performance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1852 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=323

Anatomical substrates of auditory selective attention: behavioral and electrophysiological effects of posterior association cortex lesions / D.L. WOODS in Cognitive Brain Research, 1-4 (December 1993)

Public ISBD [article]  inCognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.227-240 Titre : Anatomical substrates of auditory selective attention: behavioral and electrophysiological effects of posterior association cortex lesions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D.L. WOODS, Auteur ; R.T. KNIGHT, Auteur ; D. SCABINI, Auteur Année de publication : 1993 Article en page(s) : p.227-240 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Auditory Event-related-potential Temporal Parietal Cortex Orienting Hemisphere Reaction-time Lesion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Even-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded in an auditory selective attention task in control subjects and two groups of patients with lesions centered in (1) the temporal/parietal junction (T/P, n = 9); and (2) the inferior parietal lobe (IPL, n = 7). High pitched tones were presented to one ear and low pitched tones to the other in random sequences that included infrequent longer-duration tones and occasional novel sounds. Subjects attended to a specified ear and pressed a button to the longer-duration tones in that ear. IPL and T/P lesions slowed reaction times (RTs) and increased error rates, but improved one aspect of performance — patients showed less distraction than controls when targets followed novel sounds. T/P lesions reduced the amplitude of early sensory ERPs, initially over the damaged hemisphere (N1a, 70–110 ms) and then bilaterally (N1b, 110–130 ms, and N1c 130–160 ms). The reduction was accentuated for tones presented contralateral to the lesion, suggesting that N1 generators receive excitatory input primarily from the contralateral ear. IPL lesions reduced N1 amplitudes to both low frequency tones and novel sounds. Nd components associated with attentional selection were diminished over both hemispheres in the T/P group and over the lesioned hemisphere in the IPL group independent of ear of stimulation. Target and novel N2s tended to be diminished by IPL lesions but were unaffected by T/P lesions. The mismatch negativity was unaffected by either T/P or IPL lesions. The results support different roles of T/P and IPL cortex in auditory selective attention. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=782 [article] Anatomical substrates of auditory selective attention: behavioral and electrophysiological effects of posterior association cortex lesions [texte imprimé] / D.L. WOODS, Auteur ; R.T. KNIGHT, Auteur ; D. SCABINI, Auteur . - 1993 . - p.227-240. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Cognitive Brain Research > 1-4 (December 1993) . - p.227-240 Mots-clés : Attention Auditory Event-related-potential Temporal Parietal Cortex Orienting Hemisphere Reaction-time Lesion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Even-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded in an auditory selective attention task in control subjects and two groups of patients with lesions centered in (1) the temporal/parietal junction (T/P, n = 9); and (2) the inferior parietal lobe (IPL, n = 7). High pitched tones were presented to one ear and low pitched tones to the other in random sequences that included infrequent longer-duration tones and occasional novel sounds. Subjects attended to a specified ear and pressed a button to the longer-duration tones in that ear. IPL and T/P lesions slowed reaction times (RTs) and increased error rates, but improved one aspect of performance — patients showed less distraction than controls when targets followed novel sounds. T/P lesions reduced the amplitude of early sensory ERPs, initially over the damaged hemisphere (N1a, 70–110 ms) and then bilaterally (N1b, 110–130 ms, and N1c 130–160 ms). The reduction was accentuated for tones presented contralateral to the lesion, suggesting that N1 generators receive excitatory input primarily from the contralateral ear. IPL lesions reduced N1 amplitudes to both low frequency tones and novel sounds. Nd components associated with attentional selection were diminished over both hemispheres in the T/P group and over the lesioned hemisphere in the IPL group independent of ear of stimulation. Target and novel N2s tended to be diminished by IPL lesions but were unaffected by T/P lesions. The mismatch negativity was unaffected by either T/P or IPL lesions. The results support different roles of T/P and IPL cortex in auditory selective attention. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=782

Annual Research Review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype / Sarah L. KARALUNAS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-6 (June 2014)  

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Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using neuropsychological outcomes / Jeffery N. EPSTEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-5 (May 2006)  

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Attentional networks in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder / Brandon KEEHN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-11 (November 2010)  

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Atypical connectivity in the cortico-striatal network in NF1 children and its relationship with procedural perceptual-motor learning and motor skills / Eloïse BAUDOU in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 14 (2022)  

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Autism: Too eager to learn? Event related potential findings of increased dependency on intentional learning in a serial reaction time task / Fenny S. ZWART in Autism Research, 10-9 (September 2017)  

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