Amygdala responses to threat in violence-exposed children depend on trauma context and maternal caregiving / Jennifer S. STEVENS in Development and Psychopathology, 35-3 (August 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 35-3 (August 2023) . - p.1159-1170 Titre : Amygdala responses to threat in violence-exposed children depend on trauma context and maternal caregiving Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jennifer S. STEVENS, Auteur ; Sanne J. H. VAN ROOIJ, Auteur ; Anais F. STENSON, Auteur ; Timothy D. ELY, Auteur ; Abigail POWERS, Auteur ; Aimee CLIFFORD, Auteur ; Ye Ji KIM, Auteur ; Rebecca HINRICHS, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1159-1170 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : amygdala  habituation  maternal buffering  resilience  violence exposure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early life adversity (ELA) has been linked with increased arousal responses to threat, including increased amygdala reactivity. Effects of ELA on brain function are well recognized, and emerging evidence suggests that caregivers may influence how environmental stressors impact children?s brain function. We investigated the hypothesis that positive interaction between mother and child can buffer against ELA effects on children?s neural responses to threat, and related symptoms. N = 53 mother-child pairs (children ages 8-14 years) were recruited from an urban population at high risk for violence exposure. Maternal caregiving was measured using the Parenting Questionnaire and in a cooperation challenge task. Children viewed fearful and neutral face stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Children who experienced greater violence at home showed amygdala sensitization, whereas children experiencing more school and community violence showed amygdala habituation. Sensitization was in turn linked with externalizing symptoms. However, maternal warmth was associated with a normalization of amygdala sensitization in children, and fewer externalizing behaviors prospectively up to 1 year later. Findings suggested that the effects of violence exposure on threat-related neural circuitry depend on trauma context (inside or outside the home) and that primary caregivers can increase resilience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510 [article] Amygdala responses to threat in violence-exposed children depend on trauma context and maternal caregiving [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jennifer S. STEVENS, Auteur ; Sanne J. H. VAN ROOIJ, Auteur ; Anais F. STENSON, Auteur ; Timothy D. ELY, Auteur ; Abigail POWERS, Auteur ; Aimee CLIFFORD, Auteur ; Ye Ji KIM, Auteur ; Rebecca HINRICHS, Auteur ; Nim TOTTENHAM, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur . - p.1159-1170. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 35-3 (August 2023) . - p.1159-1170 Mots-clés : amygdala  habituation  maternal buffering  resilience  violence exposure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Early life adversity (ELA) has been linked with increased arousal responses to threat, including increased amygdala reactivity. Effects of ELA on brain function are well recognized, and emerging evidence suggests that caregivers may influence how environmental stressors impact children?s brain function. We investigated the hypothesis that positive interaction between mother and child can buffer against ELA effects on children?s neural responses to threat, and related symptoms. N = 53 mother-child pairs (children ages 8-14 years) were recruited from an urban population at high risk for violence exposure. Maternal caregiving was measured using the Parenting Questionnaire and in a cooperation challenge task. Children viewed fearful and neutral face stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Children who experienced greater violence at home showed amygdala sensitization, whereas children experiencing more school and community violence showed amygdala habituation. Sensitization was in turn linked with externalizing symptoms. However, maternal warmth was associated with a normalization of amygdala sensitization in children, and fewer externalizing behaviors prospectively up to 1 year later. Findings suggested that the effects of violence exposure on threat-related neural circuitry depend on trauma context (inside or outside the home) and that primary caregivers can increase resilience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=510

Association between childhood maltreatment and adult emotional dysregulation in a low-income, urban, African American sample: Moderation by oxytocin receptor gene / Bekh BRADLEY in Development and Psychopathology, 23-2 (May 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.439-452 Titre : Association between childhood maltreatment and adult emotional dysregulation in a low-income, urban, African American sample: Moderation by oxytocin receptor gene Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur ; Drew WESTEN, Auteur ; Kristina B. MERCER, Auteur ; Elisabeth B. BINDER, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Daniel CRAIN, Auteur ; Aliza WINGO, Auteur ; Christine HEIM, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.439-452 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to effectively regulate emotions and a secure attachment style are critical for maintaining mental health across the life span. The experience of childhood maltreatment interferes with normal development of emotional regulation and dramatically increases risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The central nervous system oxytocin systems are critically involved in mediating social attachment and buffering psychophysiological responses to stress. We therefore investigated the impact of childhood maltreatment and an oxytocin receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (rs53576) and their interaction on emotional dysregulation and attachment style in adulthood in a sample of low-income, African American men and women recruited from primary care clinics of an urban, public hospital. Consistent with prior research, we found that the severity of childhood maltreatment was associated with increased levels of emotional dysregulation in adulthood. Childhood maltreatment was also positively associated with ratings of disorganized/unresolved adult attachment style and negatively associated with ratings of secure adult attachment style. There was no direct association between rs53576 and emotional dysregulation or ratings of adult attachment style. However, there were significant interactions between rs53576 and childhood maltreatment in predicting level of adult emotional dysregulation and attachment style. Specifically, G/G genotype carriers were at risk for increased emotional dysregulation when exposed to three or more categories of childhood abuse. In addition, G/G genotype carriers exhibited enhanced disorganized adult attachment style when exposed to severe childhood abuse compared to A/A and A/G carriers. Our findings suggest that A allele carriers of OXTR rs53576 are resilient against the effects of severe childhood adversity, by protection against emotional dysregulation and disorganized attachment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121 [article] Association between childhood maltreatment and adult emotional dysregulation in a low-income, urban, African American sample: Moderation by oxytocin receptor gene [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur ; Drew WESTEN, Auteur ; Kristina B. MERCER, Auteur ; Elisabeth B. BINDER, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Daniel CRAIN, Auteur ; Aliza WINGO, Auteur ; Christine HEIM, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.439-452. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 23-2 (May 2011) . - p.439-452 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to effectively regulate emotions and a secure attachment style are critical for maintaining mental health across the life span. The experience of childhood maltreatment interferes with normal development of emotional regulation and dramatically increases risk for a wide range of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The central nervous system oxytocin systems are critically involved in mediating social attachment and buffering psychophysiological responses to stress. We therefore investigated the impact of childhood maltreatment and an oxytocin receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (rs53576) and their interaction on emotional dysregulation and attachment style in adulthood in a sample of low-income, African American men and women recruited from primary care clinics of an urban, public hospital. Consistent with prior research, we found that the severity of childhood maltreatment was associated with increased levels of emotional dysregulation in adulthood. Childhood maltreatment was also positively associated with ratings of disorganized/unresolved adult attachment style and negatively associated with ratings of secure adult attachment style. There was no direct association between rs53576 and emotional dysregulation or ratings of adult attachment style. However, there were significant interactions between rs53576 and childhood maltreatment in predicting level of adult emotional dysregulation and attachment style. Specifically, G/G genotype carriers were at risk for increased emotional dysregulation when exposed to three or more categories of childhood abuse. In addition, G/G genotype carriers exhibited enhanced disorganized adult attachment style when exposed to severe childhood abuse compared to A/A and A/G carriers. Our findings suggest that A allele carriers of OXTR rs53576 are resilient against the effects of severe childhood adversity, by protection against emotional dysregulation and disorganized attachment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000162 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=121

Facing ambiguity: Social threat sensitivity mediates the association between peer victimization and adolescent anxiety / Hannah L. SCHACTER in Development and Psychopathology, 36-1 (February 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 36-1 (February 2024) . - p.112-120 Titre : Facing ambiguity: Social threat sensitivity mediates the association between peer victimization and adolescent anxiety Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah L. SCHACTER, Auteur ; Hilary A. MARUSAK, Auteur ; Breanna A. BORG, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.112-120 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  anxiety  peer victimization  threat sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Peer victimization is a developmentally salient stressor that elevates adolescents' risk for anxiety disorders. However, modifiable mechanisms that explain this link and can be targeted via therapeutic interventions remain poorly understood. Drawing from psychobiological models implicating aberrant threat sensitivity in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, the current study investigated sensitivity to peer-related social threats as a mechanism underlying the association between peer victimization and anxiety. A sample of 197 dyads of early adolescents (Mage = 12.02; 46% female) and parents/guardians (Mage = 41.46; 90% female) completed online surveys assessing peer victimization, sensitivity to potential (i.e., ambiguous) social threats, and anxiety. Controlling for potentially confounding demographic and psychosocial factors, both self- and parent-reported peer victimization were positively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms. Additionally, there were significant indirect effects from self- and parent-reported peer victimization to anxiety via social threat sensitivity. Supplemental analyses indicated unique effects of covert, but not overt, peer victimization on social threat sensitivity and anxiety. The findings provide initial evidence that peer victimization experiences lower adolescents' threshold for interpreting threats in ambiguous social situations, which contributes to heightened anxiety. These results implicate social threat sensitivity as a potential therapeutic target for interrupting links from peer victimization to psychological distress. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422001018 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523 [article] Facing ambiguity: Social threat sensitivity mediates the association between peer victimization and adolescent anxiety [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah L. SCHACTER, Auteur ; Hilary A. MARUSAK, Auteur ; Breanna A. BORG, Auteur ; Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur . - p.112-120. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 36-1 (February 2024) . - p.112-120 Mots-clés : adolescence  anxiety  peer victimization  threat sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Peer victimization is a developmentally salient stressor that elevates adolescents' risk for anxiety disorders. However, modifiable mechanisms that explain this link and can be targeted via therapeutic interventions remain poorly understood. Drawing from psychobiological models implicating aberrant threat sensitivity in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, the current study investigated sensitivity to peer-related social threats as a mechanism underlying the association between peer victimization and anxiety. A sample of 197 dyads of early adolescents (Mage = 12.02; 46% female) and parents/guardians (Mage = 41.46; 90% female) completed online surveys assessing peer victimization, sensitivity to potential (i.e., ambiguous) social threats, and anxiety. Controlling for potentially confounding demographic and psychosocial factors, both self- and parent-reported peer victimization were positively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms. Additionally, there were significant indirect effects from self- and parent-reported peer victimization to anxiety via social threat sensitivity. Supplemental analyses indicated unique effects of covert, but not overt, peer victimization on social threat sensitivity and anxiety. The findings provide initial evidence that peer victimization experiences lower adolescents' threshold for interpreting threats in ambiguous social situations, which contributes to heightened anxiety. These results implicate social threat sensitivity as a potential therapeutic target for interrupting links from peer victimization to psychological distress. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579422001018 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=523

Physiological markers of anxiety are increased in children of abused mothers / Tanja JOVANOVIC in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-8 (August 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.844-852 Titre : Physiological markers of anxiety are increased in children of abused mothers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Ami SMITH, Auteur ; Asante KAMKWALALA, Auteur ; James POOLE, Auteur ; Tara SAMPLES, Auteur ; Seth D. NORRHOLM, Auteur ; Kerry J. RESSLER, Auteur ; Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.844-852 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child abuse  maternal trauma  child anxiety  startle response  heart-rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A growing number of studies indicate that low income, African American men and women living in urban environments are at high risk for trauma exposure, which may have intergenerational effects. The current study employed psychophysiological methods to describe biomarkers of anxiety in children of traumatized mothers. Methods:  Study participants were recruited from a highly traumatized urban population, comprising mother–child pairs (n = 36) that included school-age children. Mothers were assessed for childhood abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, as well as symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The children were measured for dark-enhanced startle responses and heart-rate variability. Results:  Dark-enhanced startle was found to be higher in children whose mothers had high levels of childhood physical abuse, as compared to children whose mothers had low levels of physical abuse. During the habituation phase of the startle experiment, children whose mothers had high levels of childhood emotional abuse had higher sympathetic system activation compared to children of mothers with low emotional abuse. These effects remained significant after accounting for maternal symptoms of PTSD and depression, as well as for the child’s trauma exposure. Conclusion:  These results demonstrate that children of mothers who have history of childhood physical and emotional abuse have higher dark-enhanced startle as well as greater sympathetic nervous system activation than children of mothers who do not report a history of childhood physical and emotional abuse, and emphasize the utility of physiological measures as pervasive biomarkers of psychopathology that can easily be measured in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02410.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132 [article] Physiological markers of anxiety are increased in children of abused mothers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tanja JOVANOVIC, Auteur ; Ami SMITH, Auteur ; Asante KAMKWALALA, Auteur ; James POOLE, Auteur ; Tara SAMPLES, Auteur ; Seth D. NORRHOLM, Auteur ; Kerry J. RESSLER, Auteur ; Bekh BRADLEY, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.844-852. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.844-852 Mots-clés : Child abuse  maternal trauma  child anxiety  startle response  heart-rate variability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A growing number of studies indicate that low income, African American men and women living in urban environments are at high risk for trauma exposure, which may have intergenerational effects. The current study employed psychophysiological methods to describe biomarkers of anxiety in children of traumatized mothers. Methods:  Study participants were recruited from a highly traumatized urban population, comprising mother–child pairs (n = 36) that included school-age children. Mothers were assessed for childhood abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, as well as symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The children were measured for dark-enhanced startle responses and heart-rate variability. Results:  Dark-enhanced startle was found to be higher in children whose mothers had high levels of childhood physical abuse, as compared to children whose mothers had low levels of physical abuse. During the habituation phase of the startle experiment, children whose mothers had high levels of childhood emotional abuse had higher sympathetic system activation compared to children of mothers with low emotional abuse. These effects remained significant after accounting for maternal symptoms of PTSD and depression, as well as for the child’s trauma exposure. Conclusion:  These results demonstrate that children of mothers who have history of childhood physical and emotional abuse have higher dark-enhanced startle as well as greater sympathetic nervous system activation than children of mothers who do not report a history of childhood physical and emotional abuse, and emphasize the utility of physiological measures as pervasive biomarkers of psychopathology that can easily be measured in children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02410.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132

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