Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks During Attention Orienting in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Jacqueline FITZGERALD in Autism Research, 8-2 (April 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.136-152 Titre : Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks During Attention Orienting in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jacqueline FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Katherine JOHNSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth KEHOE, Auteur ; Arun L. W. BOKDE, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Jane MCGRATH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.136-152 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  functional connectivity  attention orienting  attention network  neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention orienting is a cognitive process that facilitates the movement of attention focus from one location to another: this may be impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN and VAN) sub-serve the process of attention orienting. This study investigated the functional connectivity of attention orienting in these networks in ASD using the Posner Cueing Task. Method Twenty-one adolescents with ASD and 21 age and IQ matched controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. A psychophysical interaction (PPI) analysis was implemented to investigate task-dependent functional connectivity, measuring synchronicity of brain regions during the task. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected to explore functional connectivity in the DAN during cue-only conditions and in the VAN during invalid and valid trials. Results Behaviourally, the ASD and control groups performed the task in a similar manner. Functional MRI results indicated that the ASD and control groups activated similar brain regions. During invalid trials (VAN), the ASD group showed significant positive functional connectivity to multiple brain regions, whilst the control group demonstrated negative connectivity. During valid trials (VAN), the two groups also showed contrasting patterns of connectivity. In the cue-only conditions (DAN), the ASD group showed weaker functional connectivity. Conclusion The DAN analysis suggests that the ASD group has weaker coherence between brain areas involved in goal-driven, endogenous attention control. The strong positive functional connectivity exhibited by the ASD group in the VAN during the invalid trials suggests that individuals with ASD may generate compensatory mechanisms to achieve neurotypical behaviour. These results support the theory of abnormal cortical connectivity in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 [article] Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks During Attention Orienting in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jacqueline FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Katherine JOHNSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth KEHOE, Auteur ; Arun L. W. BOKDE, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Jane MCGRATH, Auteur . - p.136-152. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.136-152 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  functional connectivity  attention orienting  attention network  neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention orienting is a cognitive process that facilitates the movement of attention focus from one location to another: this may be impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN and VAN) sub-serve the process of attention orienting. This study investigated the functional connectivity of attention orienting in these networks in ASD using the Posner Cueing Task. Method Twenty-one adolescents with ASD and 21 age and IQ matched controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. A psychophysical interaction (PPI) analysis was implemented to investigate task-dependent functional connectivity, measuring synchronicity of brain regions during the task. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected to explore functional connectivity in the DAN during cue-only conditions and in the VAN during invalid and valid trials. Results Behaviourally, the ASD and control groups performed the task in a similar manner. Functional MRI results indicated that the ASD and control groups activated similar brain regions. During invalid trials (VAN), the ASD group showed significant positive functional connectivity to multiple brain regions, whilst the control group demonstrated negative connectivity. During valid trials (VAN), the two groups also showed contrasting patterns of connectivity. In the cue-only conditions (DAN), the ASD group showed weaker functional connectivity. Conclusion The DAN analysis suggests that the ASD group has weaker coherence between brain areas involved in goal-driven, endogenous attention control. The strong positive functional connectivity exhibited by the ASD group in the VAN during the invalid trials suggests that individuals with ASD may generate compensatory mechanisms to achieve neurotypical behaviour. These results support the theory of abnormal cortical connectivity in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256

Social and monetary reward processing in autism spectrum disorders / Sonja DELMONTE in Molecular Autism, (September 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (September 2012) . - 13 p. Titre : Social and monetary reward processing in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sonja DELMONTE, Auteur ; Joshua H. BALSTERS, Auteur ; Jane MCGRATH, Auteur ; Jacqueline FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Sean BRENNAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. FAGAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Reward  Social motivation  Striatum  Functional magnetic resonance imaging  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Social motivation theory suggests that deficits in social reward processing underlie social impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the extent to which abnormalities in reward processing generalize to other classes of stimuli remains unresolved. The aim of the current study was to examine if reward processing abnormalities in ASD are specific to social stimuli or can be generalized to other classes of reward. Additionally, we sought to examine the results in the light of behavioral impairments in ASD. Methods Participants performed adapted versions of the social and monetary incentive delay tasks. Data from 21 unmedicated right-handed male participants with ASD and 21 age- and IQ-matched controls were analyzed using a factorial design to examine the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response during the anticipation and receipt of both reward types. Results Behaviorally, the ASD group showed less of a reduction in reaction time (RT) for rewarded compared to unrewarded trials than the control group. In terms of the fMRI results, there were no significant group differences in reward circuitry during reward anticipation. During the receipt of rewards, there was a significant interaction between group and reward type in the left dorsal striatum (DS). The ASD group showed reduced activity in the DS compared to controls for social rewards but not monetary rewards and decreased activation for social rewards compared to monetary rewards. Controls showed no significant difference between the two reward types. Increased activation in the DS during social reward processing was associated with faster response times for rewarded trials, compared to unrewarded trials, in both groups. This is in line with behavioral results indicating that the ASD group showed less of a reduction in RT for rewarded compared to unrewarded trials. Additionally, de-activation to social rewards was associated with increased repetitive behavior in ASD. Conclusions In line with social motivation theory, the ASD group showed reduced activation, compared to controls, during the receipt of social rewards in the DS. Groups did not differ significantly during the processing of monetary rewards. BOLD activation in the DS, during social reward processing, was associated with behavioral impairments in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201 [article] Social and monetary reward processing in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sonja DELMONTE, Auteur ; Joshua H. BALSTERS, Auteur ; Jane MCGRATH, Auteur ; Jacqueline FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Sean BRENNAN, Auteur ; Andrew J. FAGAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur . - 2012 . - 13 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (September 2012) . - 13 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Reward  Social motivation  Striatum  Functional magnetic resonance imaging  fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Social motivation theory suggests that deficits in social reward processing underlie social impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the extent to which abnormalities in reward processing generalize to other classes of stimuli remains unresolved. The aim of the current study was to examine if reward processing abnormalities in ASD are specific to social stimuli or can be generalized to other classes of reward. Additionally, we sought to examine the results in the light of behavioral impairments in ASD. Methods Participants performed adapted versions of the social and monetary incentive delay tasks. Data from 21 unmedicated right-handed male participants with ASD and 21 age- and IQ-matched controls were analyzed using a factorial design to examine the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response during the anticipation and receipt of both reward types. Results Behaviorally, the ASD group showed less of a reduction in reaction time (RT) for rewarded compared to unrewarded trials than the control group. In terms of the fMRI results, there were no significant group differences in reward circuitry during reward anticipation. During the receipt of rewards, there was a significant interaction between group and reward type in the left dorsal striatum (DS). The ASD group showed reduced activity in the DS compared to controls for social rewards but not monetary rewards and decreased activation for social rewards compared to monetary rewards. Controls showed no significant difference between the two reward types. Increased activation in the DS during social reward processing was associated with faster response times for rewarded trials, compared to unrewarded trials, in both groups. This is in line with behavioral results indicating that the ASD group showed less of a reduction in RT for rewarded compared to unrewarded trials. Additionally, de-activation to social rewards was associated with increased repetitive behavior in ASD. Conclusions In line with social motivation theory, the ASD group showed reduced activation, compared to controls, during the receipt of social rewards in the DS. Groups did not differ significantly during the processing of monetary rewards. BOLD activation in the DS, during social reward processing, was associated with behavioral impairments in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-3-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201

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