Correction to: Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM) / R. HOUGHTON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-6 (June 2019) . - p.2571 Titre : Correction to: Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; B. MONZ, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur ; S. LE SCOUILLER, Auteur ; F. DE VRIES, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2571 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The article Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM), written by Richard Houghton, Brigitta Monz, Kiely Law, Georg Loss, Stephanie Le Scouiller, Frank de Vries and Tom Willgoss was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 09 April 2019 without open access.With the author(s)' decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on May 2019 to (c) The Author(s) 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04076-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Correction to: Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; B. MONZ, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur ; S. LE SCOUILLER, Auteur ; F. DE VRIES, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur . - p.2571. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-6 (June 2019) . - p.2571 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The article Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM), written by Richard Houghton, Brigitta Monz, Kiely Law, Georg Loss, Stephanie Le Scouiller, Frank de Vries and Tom Willgoss was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 09 April 2019 without open access.With the author(s)' decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on May 2019 to (c) The Author(s) 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04076-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Psychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medication Use in Autism: A Matched Cohort Study with ADHD and General Population Comparator Groups in the United Kingdom / R. HOUGHTON in Autism Research, 11-12 (December 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-12 (December 2018) . - p.1690-1700 Titre : Psychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medication Use in Autism: A Matched Cohort Study with ADHD and General Population Comparator Groups in the United Kingdom Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; C. LIU, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1690-1700 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : United Kingdom  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  electronic medical records  polypharmacy  psychiatric comorbidities  psychotropic medications Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychiatric comorbidities and use of psychotropic medications are common among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, most previous research used data from the United States (US) and few studies have compared medication use in ASD to control groups, making contextualization of results difficult. In the United Kingdom (UK), general practitioners play a key role in the management of ASD. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study over calendar year 2015, using primary care data from the UK. We identified a prevalent cohort of ASD cases (n = 10,856) and matched control groups of (a) general population (n = 21,712) and (b) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 7,058) on age, sex and region. We described psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medications, and healthcare utilization in all three cohorts. Within the ASD cohort, we used multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations between patient characteristics and the outcomes of: any psychotropic medication, polypharmacy, and number of primary care visits. We used conditional logistic regression to compare the ASD and control groups. Psychiatric comorbidities were recorded for 41.5% of ASD patients; 32.3% received psychotropic medication and 9.8% received polypharmacy. Increased age and all psychiatric comorbidities (except conduct disorder) were associated with treatment use. Males were less likely to receive a treatment than females [Odds ratio (OR) 0.74 (0.66-0.83)]. ASD patients were more likely to take psychotropic medications than the general population [OR 4.91 (4.46-5.40)], but less likely compared to ADHD patients [OR 0.40 (0.37-0.44)]. Overall, rates of medication use in the UK were lower than those previously reported in the US. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1690-1700. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We used electronic medical records from the UK, to describe the amount of psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medication use and healthcare resource use in ASD. Around one in three people with ASD were prescribed a psychotropic medication, which was more than the general population, but less than for those with ADHD. Increased age, psychiatric comorbidities and female gender were all independently associated with psychotropic medication use. Rates of medication use in the UK were lower than those previously reported in the US. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2040 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=372 [article] Psychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medication Use in Autism: A Matched Cohort Study with ADHD and General Population Comparator Groups in the United Kingdom [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; C. LIU, Auteur ; Federico BOLOGNANI, Auteur . - p.1690-1700. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-12 (December 2018) . - p.1690-1700 Mots-clés : United Kingdom  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  autism spectrum disorder  electronic medical records  polypharmacy  psychiatric comorbidities  psychotropic medications Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychiatric comorbidities and use of psychotropic medications are common among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, most previous research used data from the United States (US) and few studies have compared medication use in ASD to control groups, making contextualization of results difficult. In the United Kingdom (UK), general practitioners play a key role in the management of ASD. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study over calendar year 2015, using primary care data from the UK. We identified a prevalent cohort of ASD cases (n = 10,856) and matched control groups of (a) general population (n = 21,712) and (b) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 7,058) on age, sex and region. We described psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medications, and healthcare utilization in all three cohorts. Within the ASD cohort, we used multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations between patient characteristics and the outcomes of: any psychotropic medication, polypharmacy, and number of primary care visits. We used conditional logistic regression to compare the ASD and control groups. Psychiatric comorbidities were recorded for 41.5% of ASD patients; 32.3% received psychotropic medication and 9.8% received polypharmacy. Increased age and all psychiatric comorbidities (except conduct disorder) were associated with treatment use. Males were less likely to receive a treatment than females [Odds ratio (OR) 0.74 (0.66-0.83)]. ASD patients were more likely to take psychotropic medications than the general population [OR 4.91 (4.46-5.40)], but less likely compared to ADHD patients [OR 0.40 (0.37-0.44)]. Overall, rates of medication use in the UK were lower than those previously reported in the US. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1690-1700. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We used electronic medical records from the UK, to describe the amount of psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medication use and healthcare resource use in ASD. Around one in three people with ASD were prescribed a psychotropic medication, which was more than the general population, but less than for those with ADHD. Increased age, psychiatric comorbidities and female gender were all independently associated with psychotropic medication use. Rates of medication use in the UK were lower than those previously reported in the US. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2040 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=372

Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM) / R. HOUGHTON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-6 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-6 (June 2019) . - p.2559-2570 Titre : Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; B. MONZ, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur ; S. LE SCOUILLER, Auteur ; F. DE VRIES, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2559-2570 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Outcome  Psychometric validation  Symptoms  Treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism impact measure (AIM) is a caregiver-reported questionnaire assessing autism symptom frequency and impact in children, previously shown to have good test-retest reliability, convergent validity and structural validity. This study extended previous work by exploring the AIM's ability to discriminate between 'known-groups' of children, and estimating thresholds for clinically important responses. Data were collected online and electronically on computer and mobile devices; hence, it was also possible to confirm other psychometric properties of the AIM in this format. This study provides confirmatory and additional psychometric validation of the AIM. The AIM offers a valid, quick and inexpensive method for caregivers to report core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including communication deficits, difficulties with social interactions and repetitive behaviors. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04011-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400 [article] Psychometric Validation of the Autism Impact Measure (AIM) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; B. MONZ, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur ; S. LE SCOUILLER, Auteur ; F. DE VRIES, Auteur ; T. WILLGOSS, Auteur . - p.2559-2570. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-6 (June 2019) . - p.2559-2570 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Outcome  Psychometric validation  Symptoms  Treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Autism impact measure (AIM) is a caregiver-reported questionnaire assessing autism symptom frequency and impact in children, previously shown to have good test-retest reliability, convergent validity and structural validity. This study extended previous work by exploring the AIM's ability to discriminate between 'known-groups' of children, and estimating thresholds for clinically important responses. Data were collected online and electronically on computer and mobile devices; hence, it was also possible to confirm other psychometric properties of the AIM in this format. This study provides confirmatory and additional psychometric validation of the AIM. The AIM offers a valid, quick and inexpensive method for caregivers to report core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including communication deficits, difficulties with social interactions and repetitive behaviors. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04011-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=400

Risperidone versus aripiprazole fracture risk in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders / R. HOUGHTON in Autism Research, 14-8 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1800-1814 Titre : Risperidone versus aripiprazole fracture risk in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; J. VAN DEN BERGH, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; Y. LIU, Auteur ; F. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1800-1814 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent  Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects  Aripiprazole/adverse effects  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology  Child  Cohort Studies  Female  Fractures, Bone/drug therapy/epidemiology  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Risperidone/adverse effects  United States/epidemiology  antipsychotics  aripiprazole  autism spectrum disorder  fractures  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Risperidone and aripiprazole, commonly used antipsychotics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have previously been associated with elevated fracture risk in other populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the risk of fracture among children with ASD using risperidone or aripiprazole. This was a retrospective, propensity-score matched cohort study, set between January 2013 and December 2018. We used the MarketScan Medicaid insurance data, which covers multiple states of the United States. We included ASD children aged 2-18?years, who were new users of aripiprazole or risperidone and with no prior history of antipsychotic use or fractures. The main exposure was the continued use of aripiprazole or risperidone. The incidence rates of any fracture during follow-up were evaluated, and the risk between aripiprazole and risperidone was compared via Cox-proportional hazard models. Results were stratified by age, sex, duration of exposure and fracture site. In total, 3312 patients (78% male; mean [SD] age 11.0 [3.7] years) were identified for each cohort. Over the full duration of follow-up, fracture incidence rates per 1000 patient-years were 23.2 for risperidone and 38.4 for aripiprazole (hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.60 [0.44-0.83]). Risks were similar between cohorts throughout the first 180?days on treatment, but significantly higher in the aripiprazole group thereafter. Extremity fractures drove most of the increased risk, with the biggest differences in lower leg and ankle fractures. Differences widened for children aged 10?years or younger (HR [95% CI]: 0.47 [0.30-0.74]). In conclusion, compared to aripiprazole, risperidone was associated with 40% lower risk of fracture. Further analysis on the mechanism and long-term bone health of antipsychotic-treated children with ASD is warranted. LAY SUMMARY: We compared the risk of bone fractures among 6624 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), half of whom used risperidone and half of whom used aripiprazole. Taking other factors into account, risks were similar between the two groups throughout the first 180?days on treatment, but significantly higher in the aripiprazole group thereafter. The biggest differences were in lower leg and ankle fractures. Overall, compared with aripiprazole, risperidone was associated with 40% lower risk of fracture. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2541 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 [article] Risperidone versus aripiprazole fracture risk in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; J. VAN DEN BERGH, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; Y. LIU, Auteur ; F. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.1800-1814. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1800-1814 Mots-clés : Adolescent  Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects  Aripiprazole/adverse effects  Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology  Child  Cohort Studies  Female  Fractures, Bone/drug therapy/epidemiology  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Risperidone/adverse effects  United States/epidemiology  antipsychotics  aripiprazole  autism spectrum disorder  fractures  risperidone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Risperidone and aripiprazole, commonly used antipsychotics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have previously been associated with elevated fracture risk in other populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the risk of fracture among children with ASD using risperidone or aripiprazole. This was a retrospective, propensity-score matched cohort study, set between January 2013 and December 2018. We used the MarketScan Medicaid insurance data, which covers multiple states of the United States. We included ASD children aged 2-18?years, who were new users of aripiprazole or risperidone and with no prior history of antipsychotic use or fractures. The main exposure was the continued use of aripiprazole or risperidone. The incidence rates of any fracture during follow-up were evaluated, and the risk between aripiprazole and risperidone was compared via Cox-proportional hazard models. Results were stratified by age, sex, duration of exposure and fracture site. In total, 3312 patients (78% male; mean [SD] age 11.0 [3.7] years) were identified for each cohort. Over the full duration of follow-up, fracture incidence rates per 1000 patient-years were 23.2 for risperidone and 38.4 for aripiprazole (hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.60 [0.44-0.83]). Risks were similar between cohorts throughout the first 180?days on treatment, but significantly higher in the aripiprazole group thereafter. Extremity fractures drove most of the increased risk, with the biggest differences in lower leg and ankle fractures. Differences widened for children aged 10?years or younger (HR [95% CI]: 0.47 [0.30-0.74]). In conclusion, compared to aripiprazole, risperidone was associated with 40% lower risk of fracture. Further analysis on the mechanism and long-term bone health of antipsychotic-treated children with ASD is warranted. LAY SUMMARY: We compared the risk of bone fractures among 6624 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), half of whom used risperidone and half of whom used aripiprazole. Taking other factors into account, risks were similar between the two groups throughout the first 180?days on treatment, but significantly higher in the aripiprazole group thereafter. The biggest differences were in lower leg and ankle fractures. Overall, compared with aripiprazole, risperidone was associated with 40% lower risk of fracture. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2541 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449

Treatment patterns in children with autism in the United States / B. U. MONZ in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.517-526 Titre : Treatment patterns in children with autism in the United States Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. U. MONZ, Auteur ; R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.517-526 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Medicaid  access to care  autism spectrum disorder  children  private insurance  rural  service use  urban Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism receive different types of non-drug treatments. We aimed to describe caregiver-reported pattern of care and its variability by geography and healthcare coverage in a US-wide sample of children aged 3-17 years. We recruited caregivers from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) cohort. Two online questionnaires (non-drug treatment, Autism Impact Measure) were completed in September/October 2017. Primary outcome measures were caregiver-reported types and intensities of treatments (behavioral, developmental/relationship, speech and language (SLT), occupational, psychological, "other"; parent/caregiver training) in the previous 12 months. Main explanatory variables were geography and type of healthcare coverage. We investigated associations between the type/intensity of treatments and geography (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan) or coverage (Medicaid vs privately insured by employer) using regression analysis. Caregivers (n = 5,122) were mainly mothers (92.1%) with mean (SD) age of 39.0 (7.3) years. Mean child age was 9.1 (3.9) years; mostly males (80.0%). Almost all children received at least one intervention (96.0%). Eighty percent received SLT or occupational therapy, while 52.0% received both. Behavioral therapy and SLT were significantly more frequent and more intense in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas. No consistently significant associations were seen between healthcare coverage and frequency or intensity of interventions. At least one barrier such as "waiting list" and "no coverage" was reported by 44.8%. In conclusion, in children sampled from SPARK, we observed differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, while we did not find significant differences between those privately insured versus Medicaid. Autism Res 2019, 12: 517-526 (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends the use of multiple treatment modalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We wanted to understand what types of treatment children (aged 3-17 years) with ASD receive in the United States, how and where the treatments take place and for how long. We invited caregivers from Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge ("SPARK ," https://sparkforautism.org/) to complete the study questions online. Participants reported on utilization of conventional, non-drug treatments for ASD, including behavioral interventions, developmental/relationship interventions, speech and language therapy (SLT), occupational therapy, psychological therapy, and parent/caregiver training. People that completed the study (n = 5,122) were primarily mothers of the child with ASD (92%); most of the children were boys (80%). The ASD care for the child was mostly coordinating by the mother. Almost all children received at least some type of non-drug therapies (96%), most often SLT and/or occupational therapy, mainly provided in school. Behavioral therapy was most often received in public school in rural areas, while at home in urban areas. We saw less use of behavioral therapy and SLT in rural areas, but overall comparable use between children covered by Medicaid and those covered by private insurance. Almost half the caregivers reported at least one barrier to treatment, such as "waiting list" and "no coverage." More than half said that their child benefited "much" or "very much" from the therapies received. While overall non-drug treatment rates for children with ASD were high in the United States in our study, differences existed depending on where the family lives; not only regarding the type of therapy, but also where it takes place. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2070 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Treatment patterns in children with autism in the United States [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. U. MONZ, Auteur ; R. HOUGHTON, Auteur ; K. LAW, Auteur ; G. LOSS, Auteur . - p.517-526. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.517-526 Mots-clés : Medicaid  access to care  autism spectrum disorder  children  private insurance  rural  service use  urban Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism receive different types of non-drug treatments. We aimed to describe caregiver-reported pattern of care and its variability by geography and healthcare coverage in a US-wide sample of children aged 3-17 years. We recruited caregivers from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) cohort. Two online questionnaires (non-drug treatment, Autism Impact Measure) were completed in September/October 2017. Primary outcome measures were caregiver-reported types and intensities of treatments (behavioral, developmental/relationship, speech and language (SLT), occupational, psychological, "other"; parent/caregiver training) in the previous 12 months. Main explanatory variables were geography and type of healthcare coverage. We investigated associations between the type/intensity of treatments and geography (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan) or coverage (Medicaid vs privately insured by employer) using regression analysis. Caregivers (n = 5,122) were mainly mothers (92.1%) with mean (SD) age of 39.0 (7.3) years. Mean child age was 9.1 (3.9) years; mostly males (80.0%). Almost all children received at least one intervention (96.0%). Eighty percent received SLT or occupational therapy, while 52.0% received both. Behavioral therapy and SLT were significantly more frequent and more intense in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas. No consistently significant associations were seen between healthcare coverage and frequency or intensity of interventions. At least one barrier such as "waiting list" and "no coverage" was reported by 44.8%. In conclusion, in children sampled from SPARK, we observed differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, while we did not find significant differences between those privately insured versus Medicaid. Autism Res 2019, 12: 517-526 (c) 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends the use of multiple treatment modalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We wanted to understand what types of treatment children (aged 3-17 years) with ASD receive in the United States, how and where the treatments take place and for how long. We invited caregivers from Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge ("SPARK ," https://sparkforautism.org/) to complete the study questions online. Participants reported on utilization of conventional, non-drug treatments for ASD, including behavioral interventions, developmental/relationship interventions, speech and language therapy (SLT), occupational therapy, psychological therapy, and parent/caregiver training. People that completed the study (n = 5,122) were primarily mothers of the child with ASD (92%); most of the children were boys (80%). The ASD care for the child was mostly coordinating by the mother. Almost all children received at least some type of non-drug therapies (96%), most often SLT and/or occupational therapy, mainly provided in school. Behavioral therapy was most often received in public school in rural areas, while at home in urban areas. We saw less use of behavioral therapy and SLT in rural areas, but overall comparable use between children covered by Medicaid and those covered by private insurance. Almost half the caregivers reported at least one barrier to treatment, such as "waiting list" and "no coverage." More than half said that their child benefited "much" or "very much" from the therapies received. While overall non-drug treatment rates for children with ASD were high in the United States in our study, differences existed depending on where the family lives; not only regarding the type of therapy, but also where it takes place. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2070 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

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