A "choice", an "addiction", a way "out of the lost": exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 18 p. Titre : A "choice", an "addiction", a way "out of the lost": exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alexithymia  Autism  Qualitative  Self-harm  Self-injury  Sensory differences  Suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) describes a phenomenon where individuals inflict deliberate pain and tissue damage to their bodies. Self-injurious behaviour is especially prevalent across the autism spectrum, but little is understood about the features and functions of self-injury for autistic individuals without intellectual disability, or about the risk factors that might be valuable for clinical usage in this group. Methods: One hundred and three autistic adults who responded to an online advertisement were classified as current, historic or non-self-harmers in accordance with responses to the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (NSSI-AT). Multinomial regression aimed to predict categorisation of participants in accordance with scores on tests of autistic traits, alexithymia, depression, anxiety, mentalising and sensory sensitivity. Linear regression examined relationships between these predictors and the range, frequency, lifetime occurrence and functional purposes of NSSI. Qualitative analysis explored the therapeutic interventions that participants had found helpful, and what they wished people understood about self-injury. Results: Current, historic and non-self-harming participants did not differ in age, age at diagnosis, male-to-female ratio, level of employment or education (the majority qualified to at least degree level). The most common function of NSSI was the regulation of low-energy affective states (depression, dissociation), followed by the regulation of high-energy states such as anger and anxiety. Alexithymia significantly predicted the categorisation of participants as current, historic or non-self-harmers, and predicted use of NSSI for regulating high-energy states and communicating distress to others. Depression, anxiety and sensory-sensitivity also differentiated participant groups, and sensory differences also predicted the range of bodily areas targeted, lifetime incidence and frequency of NSSI. Sensory differences, difficulty expressing and identifying emotions also emerged as problematic in the qualitative analysis, where participants expressed the need for compassion, patience, non-judgement and the need to recognise diversity between self-harmers, with some participants perceiving NSSI as a practical, non-problematic coping strategy. Conclusions: Alexithymia, depression, anxiety and sensory differences may place some autistic individuals at especial risk of self-injury. Investigating the involvement of these variables and their utility for identification and treatment is of high importance, and the voices of participants offer guidance to practitioners confronted with NSSI in their autistic clients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0267-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398 [article] A "choice", an "addiction", a way "out of the lost": exploring self-injury in autistic people without intellectual disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 18 p. Mots-clés : Alexithymia  Autism  Qualitative  Self-harm  Self-injury  Sensory differences  Suicidality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) describes a phenomenon where individuals inflict deliberate pain and tissue damage to their bodies. Self-injurious behaviour is especially prevalent across the autism spectrum, but little is understood about the features and functions of self-injury for autistic individuals without intellectual disability, or about the risk factors that might be valuable for clinical usage in this group. Methods: One hundred and three autistic adults who responded to an online advertisement were classified as current, historic or non-self-harmers in accordance with responses to the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool (NSSI-AT). Multinomial regression aimed to predict categorisation of participants in accordance with scores on tests of autistic traits, alexithymia, depression, anxiety, mentalising and sensory sensitivity. Linear regression examined relationships between these predictors and the range, frequency, lifetime occurrence and functional purposes of NSSI. Qualitative analysis explored the therapeutic interventions that participants had found helpful, and what they wished people understood about self-injury. Results: Current, historic and non-self-harming participants did not differ in age, age at diagnosis, male-to-female ratio, level of employment or education (the majority qualified to at least degree level). The most common function of NSSI was the regulation of low-energy affective states (depression, dissociation), followed by the regulation of high-energy states such as anger and anxiety. Alexithymia significantly predicted the categorisation of participants as current, historic or non-self-harmers, and predicted use of NSSI for regulating high-energy states and communicating distress to others. Depression, anxiety and sensory-sensitivity also differentiated participant groups, and sensory differences also predicted the range of bodily areas targeted, lifetime incidence and frequency of NSSI. Sensory differences, difficulty expressing and identifying emotions also emerged as problematic in the qualitative analysis, where participants expressed the need for compassion, patience, non-judgement and the need to recognise diversity between self-harmers, with some participants perceiving NSSI as a practical, non-problematic coping strategy. Conclusions: Alexithymia, depression, anxiety and sensory differences may place some autistic individuals at especial risk of self-injury. Investigating the involvement of these variables and their utility for identification and treatment is of high importance, and the voices of participants offer guidance to practitioners confronted with NSSI in their autistic clients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0267-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398

Correction to: The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 16 p. Titre : Correction to: The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; C. ALLISON, Auteur ; S. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 16 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00496-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Correction to: The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; C. ALLISON, Auteur ; S. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 16 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 16 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00496-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults / R. L. MOSELEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-7 (July 2022) . - p.3246-3259 Titre : Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; C. H. LIU, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3246-3259 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Mentalization  Self Concept  Loneliness  Mentalizing  Self-bias  Self-representation  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cognitive representation of oneself is central to other sociocognitive processes, including relations with others. It is reflected in faster, more accurate processing of self-relevant information, a "self-prioritisation effect" (SPE) which is inconsistent across studies in autism. Across two tasks with autistic and non-autistic participants, we explored the SPE and its relationship to autistic traits, mentalizing ability and loneliness. A SPE was intact in both groups, but together the two tasks suggested a reduced tendency of late-diagnosed autistic participants to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar others and greater ease disengaging from the self-concept. Correlations too revealed a complex picture, which we attempt to explore and disentangle with reference to the inconsistency across self-processing studies in autism, highlighting implications for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05251-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; C. H. LIU, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; J. SUI, Auteur . - p.3246-3259. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-7 (July 2022) . - p.3246-3259 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Mentalization  Self Concept  Loneliness  Mentalizing  Self-bias  Self-representation  Social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The cognitive representation of oneself is central to other sociocognitive processes, including relations with others. It is reflected in faster, more accurate processing of self-relevant information, a "self-prioritisation effect" (SPE) which is inconsistent across studies in autism. Across two tasks with autistic and non-autistic participants, we explored the SPE and its relationship to autistic traits, mentalizing ability and loneliness. A SPE was intact in both groups, but together the two tasks suggested a reduced tendency of late-diagnosed autistic participants to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar others and greater ease disengaging from the self-concept. Correlations too revealed a complex picture, which we attempt to explore and disentangle with reference to the inconsistency across self-processing studies in autism, highlighting implications for future research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05251-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 14 p. Titre : The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; C. ALLISON, Auteur ; S. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autistic Disorder  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Interpersonal Relations  Phobic Disorders  Prospective Studies  Psychological Theory  Risk Factors  Suicide  Acquired capability  Age at diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: While there are known risk factors for suicidality in autistic adults, these are often unconnected from theoretical frameworks that might explain why risk is elevated and guide clinical interventions. The present study investigated the relevance of constructs from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS), including perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and acquired capability for suicide, and explored mechanisms through which certain risk factors (relationship status, age at diagnosis) might elevate suicide risk. METHODS: Autistic adults (n=314) completed an online study including measures of depression, anxiety and constructs from the ITS. Linear and multinomial regression analysis disentangled contributions of ITS variables from effects of depression and anxiety for past-year suicide ideation, past-year and lifetime suicide attempts. Mediation analyses examined associations between risk factors and these suicide outcomes via mechanisms proposed by the ITS. RESULTS: Past-year suicide ideation was associated with burdensomeness, mental rehearsal of suicide plans (a facet of acquired capability), and depression. Greater feelings of burdensomeness, and reduced fear of death, marked out participants who had attempted suicide in comparison to those who had experienced suicide ideation in the past year. Relationship status was indirectly associated with past-year suicide ideation via the mediators of depression and burdensomeness, and was associated with past-year attempts via its effect on ideation. Age at diagnosis was unrelated to any variables. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional research is insensitive to causality and temporal dynamics, which is likely why interaction hypotheses from the ITS were unsupported. Normative measures may be invalid in autistic samples. There was no control group. The autistic sample was unrepresentative of the whole population, particularly autistic people with intellectual disabilities, ethnic/racial minorities, and gender minorities. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability appear potentially important to suicide in autistic people, and may mediate the effects of some risk factors. Future research should explore the temporal dynamics of suicide trajectories in longitudinal, prospective designs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00495-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] The relevance of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting past-year and lifetime suicidality in autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / R. L. MOSELEY, Auteur ; N. J. GREGORY, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; C. ALLISON, Auteur ; S. CASSIDY, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 14 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 14 p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autistic Disorder  Cross-Sectional Studies  Humans  Interpersonal Relations  Phobic Disorders  Prospective Studies  Psychological Theory  Risk Factors  Suicide  Acquired capability  Age at diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: While there are known risk factors for suicidality in autistic adults, these are often unconnected from theoretical frameworks that might explain why risk is elevated and guide clinical interventions. The present study investigated the relevance of constructs from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS), including perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and acquired capability for suicide, and explored mechanisms through which certain risk factors (relationship status, age at diagnosis) might elevate suicide risk. METHODS: Autistic adults (n=314) completed an online study including measures of depression, anxiety and constructs from the ITS. Linear and multinomial regression analysis disentangled contributions of ITS variables from effects of depression and anxiety for past-year suicide ideation, past-year and lifetime suicide attempts. Mediation analyses examined associations between risk factors and these suicide outcomes via mechanisms proposed by the ITS. RESULTS: Past-year suicide ideation was associated with burdensomeness, mental rehearsal of suicide plans (a facet of acquired capability), and depression. Greater feelings of burdensomeness, and reduced fear of death, marked out participants who had attempted suicide in comparison to those who had experienced suicide ideation in the past year. Relationship status was indirectly associated with past-year suicide ideation via the mediators of depression and burdensomeness, and was associated with past-year attempts via its effect on ideation. Age at diagnosis was unrelated to any variables. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional research is insensitive to causality and temporal dynamics, which is likely why interaction hypotheses from the ITS were unsupported. Normative measures may be invalid in autistic samples. There was no control group. The autistic sample was unrepresentative of the whole population, particularly autistic people with intellectual disabilities, ethnic/racial minorities, and gender minorities. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability appear potentially important to suicide in autistic people, and may mediate the effects of some risk factors. Future research should explore the temporal dynamics of suicide trajectories in longitudinal, prospective designs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00495-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

---

1 (1 - 4 / 4)