Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder / M. S. ROHDE in Autism, 22-7 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Titre : Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. FIMMERS, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.855-865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; R. FIMMERS, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.855-865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous / M. INTAITE in Autism, 23-5 (July 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1133-1142 Titre : Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. INTAITE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; V. NOREIKA, Auteur ; M. A. VON SALDERN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1133-1142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptation  ambiguous figures  autistic spectrum condition  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the perception of an ambiguous squares stimulus evoking bistable perception in a sample of 31 individuals with autistic spectrum condition and 22 matched typical adults. The perception of the ambiguous figure was manipulated by adaptation to unambiguous figures and/or by placing the ambiguous figure into a context of unambiguous figures. This resulted in four conditions testing the independent and combined (congruent and incongruent) manipulations of adaptation (bottom-up) and spatial context (top-down) effects. The strength of perception, as measured by perception of the first reported orientation of the ambiguous stimulus, was affected comparably between groups. Nevertheless, the strength of perception, as measured by perceptual durations, was affected differently between groups: the perceptual effect was strongest for the autistic spectrum condition group when combined bottom-up and top-down conditions were congruent. In contrast, the strength of the perceptual effect in response to the same condition in the typical adults group was comparable to the adaptation, but stronger than both the context and the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions. Furthermore, the context condition was stronger than the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions for the typical adults group. Thus, our findings support the view of stimulus-specific top-down modulation in autistic spectrum condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 [article] Adults with autism spectrum condition have atypical perception of ambiguous figures when bottom-up and top-down interactions are incongruous [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. INTAITE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; V. NOREIKA, Auteur ; M. A. VON SALDERN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.1133-1142. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 23-5 (July 2019) . - p.1133-1142 Mots-clés : adaptation  ambiguous figures  autistic spectrum condition  context Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined the perception of an ambiguous squares stimulus evoking bistable perception in a sample of 31 individuals with autistic spectrum condition and 22 matched typical adults. The perception of the ambiguous figure was manipulated by adaptation to unambiguous figures and/or by placing the ambiguous figure into a context of unambiguous figures. This resulted in four conditions testing the independent and combined (congruent and incongruent) manipulations of adaptation (bottom-up) and spatial context (top-down) effects. The strength of perception, as measured by perception of the first reported orientation of the ambiguous stimulus, was affected comparably between groups. Nevertheless, the strength of perception, as measured by perceptual durations, was affected differently between groups: the perceptual effect was strongest for the autistic spectrum condition group when combined bottom-up and top-down conditions were congruent. In contrast, the strength of the perceptual effect in response to the same condition in the typical adults group was comparable to the adaptation, but stronger than both the context and the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions. Furthermore, the context condition was stronger than the incongruent combined bottom-up and top-down conditions for the typical adults group. Thus, our findings support the view of stimulus-specific top-down modulation in autistic spectrum condition. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782221 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401

Brief Report: Specificity of Interpersonal Synchrony Deficits to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Potential for Digitally Assisted Diagnostics / Jana Christina KOEHLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3718-3726 Titre : Brief Report: Specificity of Interpersonal Synchrony Deficits to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Potential for Digitally Assisted Diagnostics Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jana Christina KOEHLER, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Johanna WEISKE, Auteur ; Moritz SPANGEMACHER, Auteur ; Lana BURGHOF, Auteur ; Peter FALKAI, Auteur ; Nikolaos KOUTSOULERIS, Auteur ; Wolfgang TSCHACHER, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3718-3726 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Humans  Mass Screening  Autism spectrum disorder  Diagnostics  Interpersonal synchrony  Motion energy analysis  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reliably diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adulthood poses a challenge to clinicians due to the absence of specific diagnostic markers. This study investigated the potential of interpersonal synchrony (IPS), which has been found to be reduced in ASD, to augment the diagnostic process. IPS was objectively assessed in videos of diagnostic interviews in a representative referral population from two specialized autism outpatient clinics. In contrast to the current screening tools that could not reliably differentiate, we found a significant reduction of IPS in interactions with individuals later diagnosed with ASD (n=16) as opposed to those not receiving a diagnosis (n=23). While these findings need to be validated in larger samples, they nevertheless underline the potential of digitally-enhanced diagnostic processes for ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05194-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485 [article] Brief Report: Specificity of Interpersonal Synchrony Deficits to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Potential for Digitally Assisted Diagnostics [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jana Christina KOEHLER, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Johanna WEISKE, Auteur ; Moritz SPANGEMACHER, Auteur ; Lana BURGHOF, Auteur ; Peter FALKAI, Auteur ; Nikolaos KOUTSOULERIS, Auteur ; Wolfgang TSCHACHER, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.3718-3726. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3718-3726 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis  Humans  Mass Screening  Autism spectrum disorder  Diagnostics  Interpersonal synchrony  Motion energy analysis  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reliably diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in adulthood poses a challenge to clinicians due to the absence of specific diagnostic markers. This study investigated the potential of interpersonal synchrony (IPS), which has been found to be reduced in ASD, to augment the diagnostic process. IPS was objectively assessed in videos of diagnostic interviews in a representative referral population from two specialized autism outpatient clinics. In contrast to the current screening tools that could not reliably differentiate, we found a significant reduction of IPS in interactions with individuals later diagnosed with ASD (n=16) as opposed to those not receiving a diagnosis (n=23). While these findings need to be validated in larger samples, they nevertheless underline the potential of digitally-enhanced diagnostic processes for ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05194-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485

Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder / M. KUSCHEFSKI in Autism Research, 12-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Titre : Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.505-516 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387 [article] Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. KUSCHEFSKI, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur . - p.505-516. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 12-3 (March 2019) . - p.505-516 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  dominance  dyadic social interaction  nonverbal communication  power  submissiveness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back-to-back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non-contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505-516 (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=387

Reduced nonverbal interpersonal synchrony in autism spectrum disorder independent of partner diagnosis: a motion energy study / Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 11 p. Titre : Reduced nonverbal interpersonal synchrony in autism spectrum disorder independent of partner diagnosis: a motion energy study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; S. KOEROGLU, Auteur ; Antonia HAMILTON, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; W. TSCHACHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 11 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Autism spectrum disorders  Conversation  Dyadic interactions  Interactional heterogeneity  Interpersonal coordination  Interpersonal synchrony  Motion energy  Motion energy analysis  Nonverbal behaviour  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: One of the main diagnostic features of individuals with autism spectrum disorders is nonverbal behaviour difficulties during naturalistic social interactions. The 'Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis' of ASD proposes that the degree to which individuals share a common ground substantially influences their ability to achieve smooth social interactions. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, we filmed 29 autistic and 29 matched typically developed adults engaged in several conversational tasks. Windowed cross-lagged correlations were computed using the time series of motion energy of both individuals in a dyad. These coefficients were then compared across the three dyad types that were homo- or heterogenous with respect to diagnosis: pairs of two autistic individuals, two typically developed individuals or pairs of one autistic and one typically developed person. RESULTS: We found that all dyad types achieved above-chance interpersonal synchrony, but that synchrony was more expressed in typical dyads compared to both autistic and mixed dyads. LIMITATIONS: The method presented here provides only one, albeit objective and robust, approach to explore synchrony. The methodological choices as well as the lack of consideration for other communication modalities may limit our interpretation of the findings. Moreover, the sample size is small with respect to exploring associations between synchrony and various outcome and social skill measures. CONCLUSIONS: The present results do not provide support for the Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis given that autistic individuals do not coordinate better when interacting with another autistic individual, compared to when interacting with a typical individual. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0305-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 [article] Reduced nonverbal interpersonal synchrony in autism spectrum disorder independent of partner diagnosis: a motion energy study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; S. KOEROGLU, Auteur ; Antonia HAMILTON, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; C. M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur ; W. TSCHACHER, Auteur . - 11 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 11 p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Autism spectrum disorders  Conversation  Dyadic interactions  Interactional heterogeneity  Interpersonal coordination  Interpersonal synchrony  Motion energy  Motion energy analysis  Nonverbal behaviour  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: One of the main diagnostic features of individuals with autism spectrum disorders is nonverbal behaviour difficulties during naturalistic social interactions. The 'Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis' of ASD proposes that the degree to which individuals share a common ground substantially influences their ability to achieve smooth social interactions. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, we filmed 29 autistic and 29 matched typically developed adults engaged in several conversational tasks. Windowed cross-lagged correlations were computed using the time series of motion energy of both individuals in a dyad. These coefficients were then compared across the three dyad types that were homo- or heterogenous with respect to diagnosis: pairs of two autistic individuals, two typically developed individuals or pairs of one autistic and one typically developed person. RESULTS: We found that all dyad types achieved above-chance interpersonal synchrony, but that synchrony was more expressed in typical dyads compared to both autistic and mixed dyads. LIMITATIONS: The method presented here provides only one, albeit objective and robust, approach to explore synchrony. The methodological choices as well as the lack of consideration for other communication modalities may limit our interpretation of the findings. Moreover, the sample size is small with respect to exploring associations between synchrony and various outcome and social skill measures. CONCLUSIONS: The present results do not provide support for the Interactional Heterogeneity Hypothesis given that autistic individuals do not coordinate better when interacting with another autistic individual, compared to when interacting with a typical individual. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0305-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427

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