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Auteur Hugh GARAVAN |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (8)
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Atypical Visuospatial Processing in Autism: Insights from Functional Connectivity Analysis / Jane MCGRATH in Autism Research, 5-5 (October 2012)
[article]
Titre : Atypical Visuospatial Processing in Autism: Insights from Functional Connectivity Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane MCGRATH, Auteur ; Katherine A. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Erik O'HANLON, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.314-330 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism functional MRI visuospatial processing mental rotation functional connectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical visuospatial processing is commonly described in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however the specific neurobiological underpinnings of this phenomenon are poorly understood. Given the extensive evidence suggesting ASDs are characterized by abnormal neural connectivity, this study aimed to investigate network connectivity during visuospatial processing in ASD. Twenty-two males with ASD without intellectual disability and 22 individually matched controls performed a mental rotation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which two rotated stimuli were judged to be same (“Same Trials”) or mirror-imaged (“Mirror Trials”). Behavioral results revealed a relative advantage of mental rotation in the ASD group—controls were slower responding to the more difficult Mirror Trials than Same Trials whereas the ASD group completed Mirror Trials and Same-trials at similar speeds. In the ASD group, brain activity was reduced in frontal, temporal, occipital, striatal, and cerebellar regions and, consistent with previous literature, functional connectivity between a number of brain regions was reduced. However, some connections appeared to be conserved and were recruited in a qualitatively different way by the two groups. As task difficulty increased (on Mirror Trials), controls tended to increase connections between certain brain regions, whereas the ASD group appeared to suppress connections between these regions. There was an interesting exception to this pattern in the visual cortex, a finding that may suggest an advantage in early visual perceptual processing in ASD. Overall, this study has identified a relative advantage in mental rotation in ASD that is associated with aberrant neural connectivity and that may stem from enhanced visual perceptual processing. Autism Res 2012, 5: 314–330. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1245 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=183
in Autism Research > 5-5 (October 2012) . - p.314-330[article] Atypical Visuospatial Processing in Autism: Insights from Functional Connectivity Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane MCGRATH, Auteur ; Katherine A. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Christine ECKER, Auteur ; Erik O'HANLON, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur . - p.314-330.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 5-5 (October 2012) . - p.314-330
Mots-clés : autism functional MRI visuospatial processing mental rotation functional connectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical visuospatial processing is commonly described in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however the specific neurobiological underpinnings of this phenomenon are poorly understood. Given the extensive evidence suggesting ASDs are characterized by abnormal neural connectivity, this study aimed to investigate network connectivity during visuospatial processing in ASD. Twenty-two males with ASD without intellectual disability and 22 individually matched controls performed a mental rotation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which two rotated stimuli were judged to be same (“Same Trials”) or mirror-imaged (“Mirror Trials”). Behavioral results revealed a relative advantage of mental rotation in the ASD group—controls were slower responding to the more difficult Mirror Trials than Same Trials whereas the ASD group completed Mirror Trials and Same-trials at similar speeds. In the ASD group, brain activity was reduced in frontal, temporal, occipital, striatal, and cerebellar regions and, consistent with previous literature, functional connectivity between a number of brain regions was reduced. However, some connections appeared to be conserved and were recruited in a qualitatively different way by the two groups. As task difficulty increased (on Mirror Trials), controls tended to increase connections between certain brain regions, whereas the ASD group appeared to suppress connections between these regions. There was an interesting exception to this pattern in the visual cortex, a finding that may suggest an advantage in early visual perceptual processing in ASD. Overall, this study has identified a relative advantage in mental rotation in ASD that is associated with aberrant neural connectivity and that may stem from enhanced visual perceptual processing. Autism Res 2012, 5: 314–330. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1245 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=183 Dimensions of manic symptoms in youth: psychosocial impairment and cognitive performance in the IMAGEN sample / Argyris STRINGARIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-12 (December 2014)
[article]
Titre : Dimensions of manic symptoms in youth: psychosocial impairment and cognitive performance in the IMAGEN sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Natalie CASTELLANOS-RYAN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Gareth J. BARKER, Auteur ; Arun L. W. BOKDE, Auteur ; Uli BROMBERG, Auteur ; Christian BÜCHEL, Auteur ; Mira FAUTH-BÜHLER, Auteur ; Herta FLOR, Auteur ; Vincent FROUIN, Auteur ; Juergen GALLINAT, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Penny GOWLAND, Auteur ; Andreas HEINZ, Auteur ; Bernd ITTERMAN, Auteur ; Claire LAWRENCE, Auteur ; Frauke NEES, Auteur ; Marie-Laure PAILLERE-MARTINOT, Auteur ; Tomas PAUS, Auteur ; Zdenka PAUSOVA, Auteur ; Marcella RIETSCHEL, Auteur ; Michael N. SMOLKA, Auteur ; Gunter SCHUMANN, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur ; Patricia CONROD, Auteur ; THE IMAGEN CONSORTIUM,, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1380-1389 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mania bipolar intelligence adolescents creativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It has been reported that mania may be associated with superior cognitive performance. In this study, we test the hypothesis that manic symptoms in youth separate along two correlated dimensions and that a symptom constellation of high energy and cheerfulness is associated with superior cognitive performance. Method We studied 1755 participants of the IMAGEN study, of average age 14.4 years (SD = 0.43), 50.7% girls. Manic symptoms were assessed using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment by interviewing parents and young people. Cognition was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children (WISC-IV) and a response inhibition task. Results Manic symptoms in youth formed two correlated dimensions: one termed exuberance, characterized by high energy and cheerfulness and one of undercontrol with distractibility, irritability and risk-taking behavior. Only the undercontrol, but not the exuberant dimension, was independently associated with measures of psychosocial impairment. In multivariate regression models, the exuberant, but not the undercontrolled, dimension was positively and significantly associated with verbal IQ by both parent- and self-report; conversely, the undercontrolled, but not the exuberant, dimension was associated with poor performance in a response inhibition task. Conclusions Our findings suggest that manic symptoms in youth may form dimensions with distinct correlates. The results are in keeping with previous findings about superior performance associated with mania. Further research is required to study etiological differences between these symptom dimensions and their implications for clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12255 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=243
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-12 (December 2014) . - p.1380-1389[article] Dimensions of manic symptoms in youth: psychosocial impairment and cognitive performance in the IMAGEN sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Argyris STRINGARIS, Auteur ; Natalie CASTELLANOS-RYAN, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Gareth J. BARKER, Auteur ; Arun L. W. BOKDE, Auteur ; Uli BROMBERG, Auteur ; Christian BÜCHEL, Auteur ; Mira FAUTH-BÜHLER, Auteur ; Herta FLOR, Auteur ; Vincent FROUIN, Auteur ; Juergen GALLINAT, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Penny GOWLAND, Auteur ; Andreas HEINZ, Auteur ; Bernd ITTERMAN, Auteur ; Claire LAWRENCE, Auteur ; Frauke NEES, Auteur ; Marie-Laure PAILLERE-MARTINOT, Auteur ; Tomas PAUS, Auteur ; Zdenka PAUSOVA, Auteur ; Marcella RIETSCHEL, Auteur ; Michael N. SMOLKA, Auteur ; Gunter SCHUMANN, Auteur ; Robert GOODMAN, Auteur ; Patricia CONROD, Auteur ; THE IMAGEN CONSORTIUM,, Auteur . - p.1380-1389.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-12 (December 2014) . - p.1380-1389
Mots-clés : Mania bipolar intelligence adolescents creativity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background It has been reported that mania may be associated with superior cognitive performance. In this study, we test the hypothesis that manic symptoms in youth separate along two correlated dimensions and that a symptom constellation of high energy and cheerfulness is associated with superior cognitive performance. Method We studied 1755 participants of the IMAGEN study, of average age 14.4 years (SD = 0.43), 50.7% girls. Manic symptoms were assessed using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment by interviewing parents and young people. Cognition was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children (WISC-IV) and a response inhibition task. Results Manic symptoms in youth formed two correlated dimensions: one termed exuberance, characterized by high energy and cheerfulness and one of undercontrol with distractibility, irritability and risk-taking behavior. Only the undercontrol, but not the exuberant dimension, was independently associated with measures of psychosocial impairment. In multivariate regression models, the exuberant, but not the undercontrolled, dimension was positively and significantly associated with verbal IQ by both parent- and self-report; conversely, the undercontrolled, but not the exuberant, dimension was associated with poor performance in a response inhibition task. Conclusions Our findings suggest that manic symptoms in youth may form dimensions with distinct correlates. The results are in keeping with previous findings about superior performance associated with mania. Further research is required to study etiological differences between these symptom dimensions and their implications for clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12255 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=243 Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks During Attention Orienting in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Jacqueline FITZGERALD in Autism Research, 8-2 (April 2015)
[article]
Titre : Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks During Attention Orienting in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jacqueline FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Katherine JOHNSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth KEHOE, Auteur ; Arun L. W. BOKDE, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Jane MCGRATH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.136-152 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders functional connectivity attention orienting attention network neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention orienting is a cognitive process that facilitates the movement of attention focus from one location to another: this may be impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN and VAN) sub-serve the process of attention orienting. This study investigated the functional connectivity of attention orienting in these networks in ASD using the Posner Cueing Task. Method Twenty-one adolescents with ASD and 21 age and IQ matched controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. A psychophysical interaction (PPI) analysis was implemented to investigate task-dependent functional connectivity, measuring synchronicity of brain regions during the task. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected to explore functional connectivity in the DAN during cue-only conditions and in the VAN during invalid and valid trials. Results Behaviourally, the ASD and control groups performed the task in a similar manner. Functional MRI results indicated that the ASD and control groups activated similar brain regions. During invalid trials (VAN), the ASD group showed significant positive functional connectivity to multiple brain regions, whilst the control group demonstrated negative connectivity. During valid trials (VAN), the two groups also showed contrasting patterns of connectivity. In the cue-only conditions (DAN), the ASD group showed weaker functional connectivity. Conclusion The DAN analysis suggests that the ASD group has weaker coherence between brain areas involved in goal-driven, endogenous attention control. The strong positive functional connectivity exhibited by the ASD group in the VAN during the invalid trials suggests that individuals with ASD may generate compensatory mechanisms to achieve neurotypical behaviour. These results support the theory of abnormal cortical connectivity in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256
in Autism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.136-152[article] Disrupted Functional Connectivity in Dorsal and Ventral Attention Networks During Attention Orienting in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jacqueline FITZGERALD, Auteur ; Katherine JOHNSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth KEHOE, Auteur ; Arun L. W. BOKDE, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur ; Jane MCGRATH, Auteur . - p.136-152.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 8-2 (April 2015) . - p.136-152
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders functional connectivity attention orienting attention network neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention orienting is a cognitive process that facilitates the movement of attention focus from one location to another: this may be impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN and VAN) sub-serve the process of attention orienting. This study investigated the functional connectivity of attention orienting in these networks in ASD using the Posner Cueing Task. Method Twenty-one adolescents with ASD and 21 age and IQ matched controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. A psychophysical interaction (PPI) analysis was implemented to investigate task-dependent functional connectivity, measuring synchronicity of brain regions during the task. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected to explore functional connectivity in the DAN during cue-only conditions and in the VAN during invalid and valid trials. Results Behaviourally, the ASD and control groups performed the task in a similar manner. Functional MRI results indicated that the ASD and control groups activated similar brain regions. During invalid trials (VAN), the ASD group showed significant positive functional connectivity to multiple brain regions, whilst the control group demonstrated negative connectivity. During valid trials (VAN), the two groups also showed contrasting patterns of connectivity. In the cue-only conditions (DAN), the ASD group showed weaker functional connectivity. Conclusion The DAN analysis suggests that the ASD group has weaker coherence between brain areas involved in goal-driven, endogenous attention control. The strong positive functional connectivity exhibited by the ASD group in the VAN during the invalid trials suggests that individuals with ASD may generate compensatory mechanisms to achieve neurotypical behaviour. These results support the theory of abnormal cortical connectivity in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1430 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=256 Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study / Alexandra POTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-2 (February 2021)
[article]
Titre : Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alexandra POTTER, Auteur ; Sarahjane DUBE, Auteur ; Nicholas ALLGAIER, Auteur ; Hannah LOSO, Auteur ; Masha Y. IVANOVA, Auteur ; Lisa C BARRIOS, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Bader CHAARANI, Auteur ; Julie DUMAS, Auteur ; Sarah FELDSTEIN-EWING, Auteur ; Edward G. FREEDMAN, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth HOFFMAN, Auteur ; Erin MCGLADE, Auteur ; Leah ROBIN, Auteur ; Michelle M. JOHNS, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p.171-179 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gender diversity early adolescent gender expression nonconformity suicidality transgender that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There are known associations between mental health symptoms and transgender identity among adults. Whether this relationship extends to early adolescents and to gender domains other than identity is unclear. This study measured dimensions of gender in a large, diverse, sample of youth, and examined associations between diverse gender experiences and mental health. METHODS: The ABCD study is an ongoing, longitudinal, US cohort study. Baseline data (release 2.0) include 11,873 youth age 9/10 (48% female); and the 4,951 1-year follow-up visits (age 10/11; 48% female) completed prior to data release. A novel gender survey at the 1-year visit assessed felt-gender, gender noncontentedness, and gender nonconformity using a 5-point scale. Mental health measures included youth- and parent-reports. RESULTS: Roughly half a percent of 9/10-year-olds (n = 58) responded 'yes' or 'maybe' when asked, 'Are you transgender' at baseline. Recurrent thoughts of death were more prevalent among these youth compared to the rest of the cohort (19.6% vs. 6.4%, ?(2) = 16.0, p < .001). At the 1-year visit, when asked about the three dimensions of gender on a 5-point scale, 33.2% (n = 1,605) provided responses that were not exclusively and totally aligned with one gender. Significant relationships were observed between mental health symptoms and gender diversity for all dimensions assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to adult studies, early adolescents identifying as transgender reported increased mental health symptoms. Results also point to considerable diversity in other dimensions of gender (felt-gender, gender noncontentedness, gender nonconformity) among 10/11-year-olds, and find this diversity to be related to critical mental health symptoms. These findings add to our limited understanding of the relationship between dimensions of gender and wellness for youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13248 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-2 (February 2021) . - p.171-179[article] Early adolescent gender diversity and mental health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alexandra POTTER, Auteur ; Sarahjane DUBE, Auteur ; Nicholas ALLGAIER, Auteur ; Hannah LOSO, Auteur ; Masha Y. IVANOVA, Auteur ; Lisa C BARRIOS, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Bader CHAARANI, Auteur ; Julie DUMAS, Auteur ; Sarah FELDSTEIN-EWING, Auteur ; Edward G. FREEDMAN, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth HOFFMAN, Auteur ; Erin MCGLADE, Auteur ; Leah ROBIN, Auteur ; Michelle M. JOHNS, Auteur . - 2021 . - p.171-179.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-2 (February 2021) . - p.171-179
Mots-clés : Gender diversity early adolescent gender expression nonconformity suicidality transgender that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: There are known associations between mental health symptoms and transgender identity among adults. Whether this relationship extends to early adolescents and to gender domains other than identity is unclear. This study measured dimensions of gender in a large, diverse, sample of youth, and examined associations between diverse gender experiences and mental health. METHODS: The ABCD study is an ongoing, longitudinal, US cohort study. Baseline data (release 2.0) include 11,873 youth age 9/10 (48% female); and the 4,951 1-year follow-up visits (age 10/11; 48% female) completed prior to data release. A novel gender survey at the 1-year visit assessed felt-gender, gender noncontentedness, and gender nonconformity using a 5-point scale. Mental health measures included youth- and parent-reports. RESULTS: Roughly half a percent of 9/10-year-olds (n = 58) responded 'yes' or 'maybe' when asked, 'Are you transgender' at baseline. Recurrent thoughts of death were more prevalent among these youth compared to the rest of the cohort (19.6% vs. 6.4%, ?(2) = 16.0, p < .001). At the 1-year visit, when asked about the three dimensions of gender on a 5-point scale, 33.2% (n = 1,605) provided responses that were not exclusively and totally aligned with one gender. Significant relationships were observed between mental health symptoms and gender diversity for all dimensions assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to adult studies, early adolescents identifying as transgender reported increased mental health symptoms. Results also point to considerable diversity in other dimensions of gender (felt-gender, gender noncontentedness, gender nonconformity) among 10/11-year-olds, and find this diversity to be related to critical mental health symptoms. These findings add to our limited understanding of the relationship between dimensions of gender and wellness for youth. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13248 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440 A review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research in autistic spectrum disorders: Attention, inhibition and cognitive flexibility / Jane SANDERS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2-1 (January/March 2008)
[article]
Titre : A review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research in autistic spectrum disorders: Attention, inhibition and cognitive flexibility Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane SANDERS, Auteur ; Katherine A. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Executive-function Cognitive-flexibility Sustained-attention Orienting-attention Response-inhibition Neuropsychology Imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are devastating neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown aetiology with characteristic deficits in social interaction, communication and behaviour. Individuals with ASD show deficits in executive function (EF), which are hypothesised to underlie core repetitive, stereotyped behaviours of autism. Neuroimaging research has identified structural brain abnormalities in ASD, which coincide with brain regions involved in EF. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on four specific executive functions in ASD—sustained attention, orienting attention, response inhibition and set shifting. Medline and Embase searches were carried out using specific search terms. This task was followed by the identification of further relevant publications from papers referenced in initial search results. Discussion with experts in neuropsychology, neuroimaging and autism research yielded further publications that were reviewed. Based on these data there is evidence to suggest that deficits in orienting attention, response inhibition and set shifting exist in ASD, but sustained attention ability appears to be normal. A striking lack of research attempting to link neural correlates with these deficits in orienting attention, response inhibition and set shifting was noted. Future research should focus on understanding links between the neuropsychological deficits and structural and functional brain abnormalities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 2-1 (January/March 2008) . - p.1-16[article] A review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging research in autistic spectrum disorders: Attention, inhibition and cognitive flexibility [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane SANDERS, Auteur ; Katherine A. JOHNSON, Auteur ; Hugh GARAVAN, Auteur ; Michael GILL, Auteur ; Louise GALLAGHER, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1-16.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 2-1 (January/March 2008) . - p.1-16
Mots-clés : Autism Executive-function Cognitive-flexibility Sustained-attention Orienting-attention Response-inhibition Neuropsychology Imaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are devastating neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown aetiology with characteristic deficits in social interaction, communication and behaviour. Individuals with ASD show deficits in executive function (EF), which are hypothesised to underlie core repetitive, stereotyped behaviours of autism. Neuroimaging research has identified structural brain abnormalities in ASD, which coincide with brain regions involved in EF. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on four specific executive functions in ASD—sustained attention, orienting attention, response inhibition and set shifting. Medline and Embase searches were carried out using specific search terms. This task was followed by the identification of further relevant publications from papers referenced in initial search results. Discussion with experts in neuropsychology, neuroimaging and autism research yielded further publications that were reviewed. Based on these data there is evidence to suggest that deficits in orienting attention, response inhibition and set shifting exist in ASD, but sustained attention ability appears to be normal. A striking lack of research attempting to link neural correlates with these deficits in orienting attention, response inhibition and set shifting was noted. Future research should focus on understanding links between the neuropsychological deficits and structural and functional brain abnormalities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2007.03.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 Structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience / Keith B. BURT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-11 (November 2016)
PermalinkTrajectories of cortical structures associated with stress across adolescence: a bivariate latent change score approach / Tochukwu NWEZE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-8 (August 2023)
PermalinkWhite Matter and Visuospatial Processing in Autism: A Constrained Spherical Deconvolution Tractography Study / Jane MCGRATH in Autism Research, 6-5 (October 2013)
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