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Cognitive profile in adults with Asperger syndrome using WAIS-IV: Comparison to typical adults / Aurélie BUCAILLE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 21 (January 2016)
[article]
Titre : Cognitive profile in adults with Asperger syndrome using WAIS-IV: Comparison to typical adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aurélie BUCAILLE, Auteur ; Marine GRANDGEORGE, Auteur ; Céline DEGREZ, Auteur ; Camille MALLÉGOL, Auteur ; Philippe CAM, Auteur ; Michel BOTBOL, Auteur ; Pascale PLANCHE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome Adult Autism spectrum disorders WAIS-IV Cognitive profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have identified areas of cognitive weakness in children diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome (AS). However, there are few studies on people with AS diagnosed during adulthood, comparing their cognitive profile to typical adults. In this study, we have compared cognitive profile in 16 adults with AS and 16 adults with typical development. The new WAIS-IV was used to examine cognitive functioning of participants. Our results showed AS group had significant impairments on Processing Speed Index. At the subscale level, a weakness was highlighted in Symbol Search. Furthermore, a process score analysis revealed working memory impairment on the Sequencing condition of Digit Span subtest. Clinical applications of these findings are discussed in the light of scientific literature. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=274
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 21 (January 2016) . - p.1-9[article] Cognitive profile in adults with Asperger syndrome using WAIS-IV: Comparison to typical adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aurélie BUCAILLE, Auteur ; Marine GRANDGEORGE, Auteur ; Céline DEGREZ, Auteur ; Camille MALLÉGOL, Auteur ; Philippe CAM, Auteur ; Michel BOTBOL, Auteur ; Pascale PLANCHE, Auteur . - p.1-9.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 21 (January 2016) . - p.1-9
Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome Adult Autism spectrum disorders WAIS-IV Cognitive profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have identified areas of cognitive weakness in children diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome (AS). However, there are few studies on people with AS diagnosed during adulthood, comparing their cognitive profile to typical adults. In this study, we have compared cognitive profile in 16 adults with AS and 16 adults with typical development. The new WAIS-IV was used to examine cognitive functioning of participants. Our results showed AS group had significant impairments on Processing Speed Index. At the subscale level, a weakness was highlighted in Symbol Search. Furthermore, a process score analysis revealed working memory impairment on the Sequencing condition of Digit Span subtest. Clinical applications of these findings are discussed in the light of scientific literature. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=274 Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype / Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-1 (January 2016)
[article]
Titre : Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Christine Michaela FALTER, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Kathleen PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Ralf TEPEST, Auteur ; Jeremy FRANKLIN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.139-154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autisme féminin Autism spectrum disorder Adulthood Cognitive profile Female autistic phenotype Processing speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Females with high-functioning ASD are known to camouflage their autistic symptoms better than their male counterparts, making them prone to being under-ascertained and delayed in diagnostic assessment. Thus far the underlying cognitive processes that enable such successful socio-communicative adaptation are not well understood. The current results show sex-related differences in the cognitive profile of ASD individuals, which were diagnosed late in life exclusively. Higher verbal abilities were found in males (n = 69) as opposed to higher processing speed and better executive functions in females with ASD (n = 38). Since both sexes remained unidentified during childhood and adolescence, these results are suggestive for sex-distinctive cognitive strategies as an alternative to typically-developed reciprocal social behavior and social mimicry in high functioning ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2558-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.139-154[article] Sex-Related Cognitive Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorders Diagnosed Late in Life: Implications for the Female Autistic Phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Christine Michaela FALTER, Auteur ; Astrid GAWRONSKI, Auteur ; Kathleen PFEIFFER, Auteur ; Ralf TEPEST, Auteur ; Jeremy FRANKLIN, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.139-154.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.139-154
Mots-clés : Autisme féminin Autism spectrum disorder Adulthood Cognitive profile Female autistic phenotype Processing speed Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Females with high-functioning ASD are known to camouflage their autistic symptoms better than their male counterparts, making them prone to being under-ascertained and delayed in diagnostic assessment. Thus far the underlying cognitive processes that enable such successful socio-communicative adaptation are not well understood. The current results show sex-related differences in the cognitive profile of ASD individuals, which were diagnosed late in life exclusively. Higher verbal abilities were found in males (n = 69) as opposed to higher processing speed and better executive functions in females with ASD (n = 38). Since both sexes remained unidentified during childhood and adolescence, these results are suggestive for sex-distinctive cognitive strategies as an alternative to typically-developed reciprocal social behavior and social mimicry in high functioning ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2558-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Hirokazu DOI in Autism Research, 15-6 (June 2022)
[article]
Titre : Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hirokazu DOI, Auteur ; Chieko KANAI, Auteur ; Haruhisa OHTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1130-1141 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Cognition Female Humans Male Sex Characteristics Wechsler Scales Adhd Asd Wais cognitive profile sex difference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of studies have shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share symptoms and aetiologies. However, transdiagnostic comparisons between ASD and ADHD is complicated due to the sex differences within each condition. To clarify the similarities and differences in the cognitive functioning between ASD and ADHD, while considering potential sex differences, this study compared cognitive profiles assessed by the WAIS-III between the four groups created by orthogonally combining diagnosis and sex based on the data from 277 ASD males, 86 ASD females, 99 ADHD males and 64 ADHD females. The analysis revealed three major findings. First, performance IQ and perceptual organization index were higher in ADHD males than in ASD males and ADHD females. Second, Gaussian mixture model fitting revealed two clusters underlying the distribution of subindex scores. The percentage of being classified into the cluster that scored lower in all the subindices was higher in females than in males irrespective of diagnosis. Third, feature importance for classification of ASD and ADHD yielded by random forest classifier, a supervised machine learning algorithm, revealed that autism quotient was most informative feature in classifying ASD and ADHD in males, while the discrepancy between verbal and performance intelligence quotient was in females, indicating that the set of behavioral features contributing to classification differs between males and females. Thus, these findings indicate that sex as well as diagnosis is critical in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. LAY SUMMARY: The present study compared profiles of cognitive functions measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale between males and females with ASD and ADHD. The analyses revealed clear sex differences in cognitive functions in both ASD and ADHD and that the set of cognitive functions useful in classifying ASD and ADHD differed between males and females. Thus, biological sex seems to be a critical factor in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2712 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1130-1141[article] Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hirokazu DOI, Auteur ; Chieko KANAI, Auteur ; Haruhisa OHTA, Auteur . - p.1130-1141.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1130-1141
Mots-clés : Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Cognition Female Humans Male Sex Characteristics Wechsler Scales Adhd Asd Wais cognitive profile sex difference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of studies have shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share symptoms and aetiologies. However, transdiagnostic comparisons between ASD and ADHD is complicated due to the sex differences within each condition. To clarify the similarities and differences in the cognitive functioning between ASD and ADHD, while considering potential sex differences, this study compared cognitive profiles assessed by the WAIS-III between the four groups created by orthogonally combining diagnosis and sex based on the data from 277 ASD males, 86 ASD females, 99 ADHD males and 64 ADHD females. The analysis revealed three major findings. First, performance IQ and perceptual organization index were higher in ADHD males than in ASD males and ADHD females. Second, Gaussian mixture model fitting revealed two clusters underlying the distribution of subindex scores. The percentage of being classified into the cluster that scored lower in all the subindices was higher in females than in males irrespective of diagnosis. Third, feature importance for classification of ASD and ADHD yielded by random forest classifier, a supervised machine learning algorithm, revealed that autism quotient was most informative feature in classifying ASD and ADHD in males, while the discrepancy between verbal and performance intelligence quotient was in females, indicating that the set of behavioral features contributing to classification differs between males and females. Thus, these findings indicate that sex as well as diagnosis is critical in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. LAY SUMMARY: The present study compared profiles of cognitive functions measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale between males and females with ASD and ADHD. The analyses revealed clear sex differences in cognitive functions in both ASD and ADHD and that the set of cognitive functions useful in classifying ASD and ADHD differed between males and females. Thus, biological sex seems to be a critical factor in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2712 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Empathizing and Systemizing? / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-3 (March 2013)
[article]
Titre : Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Empathizing and Systemizing? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Rosy L. TOMKINSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.695-706 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Schizotypy Empathy Systemizing Cognitive profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Crespi and Badcock’s (Behaviour Brain Sci 31: 241–261, 2008) novel theory, which presents autism and positive schizophrenia as diametrical opposites on a cognitive continuum, has received mixed support in the literature to date. The current study aimed to further assess the validity of this theory by investigating predictions in relation to empathizing and systemizing. Specifically, it is predicted by Crespi and Badcock that while mild autistic traits should be associated with a cognitive profile of superior mechanistic cognition (which overlaps with systemizing) but reduced mentalistic cognition (which overlaps with empathizing), positive schizotypy traits should be associated with the opposite profile of superior mentalistic but reduced mechanistic cognition. These predictions were tested in a student sample using a battery of self-report and behavioural measures. The pattern of results obtained provides no support for Crespi and Badcock’s theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1614-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=192
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-3 (March 2013) . - p.695-706[article] Are the Autism and Positive Schizotypy Spectra Diametrically Opposed in Empathizing and Systemizing? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Suzanna N. RUSSELL-SMITH, Auteur ; Donna M. BAYLISS, Auteur ; Murray T. MAYBERY, Auteur ; Rosy L. TOMKINSON, Auteur . - p.695-706.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-3 (March 2013) . - p.695-706
Mots-clés : Autism Schizotypy Empathy Systemizing Cognitive profile Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Crespi and Badcock’s (Behaviour Brain Sci 31: 241–261, 2008) novel theory, which presents autism and positive schizophrenia as diametrical opposites on a cognitive continuum, has received mixed support in the literature to date. The current study aimed to further assess the validity of this theory by investigating predictions in relation to empathizing and systemizing. Specifically, it is predicted by Crespi and Badcock that while mild autistic traits should be associated with a cognitive profile of superior mechanistic cognition (which overlaps with systemizing) but reduced mentalistic cognition (which overlaps with empathizing), positive schizotypy traits should be associated with the opposite profile of superior mentalistic but reduced mechanistic cognition. These predictions were tested in a student sample using a battery of self-report and behavioural measures. The pattern of results obtained provides no support for Crespi and Badcock’s theory. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1614-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=192 Estimation of the Intelligence Quotient Using Wechsler Intelligence Scales in Children and Adolescents with Asperger Syndrome / Jessica MERCHAN-NARANJO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-1 (January 2012)
[article]
Titre : Estimation of the Intelligence Quotient Using Wechsler Intelligence Scales in Children and Adolescents with Asperger Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessica MERCHAN-NARANJO, Auteur ; María MAYORAL, Auteur ; Marta RAPADO-CASTRO, Auteur ; Cloe LLORENTE, Auteur ; Leticia BOADA, Auteur ; Celso ARANGO, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.116-122 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome Intelligence Cognitive profile Wechsler Scales Short forms Dyads Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Asperger syndrome (AS) patients show heterogeneous intelligence profiles and the validity of short forms for estimating intelligence has rarely been studied in this population. We analyzed the validity of Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WIS) short forms for estimating full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and assessing intelligence profiles in 29 AS patients. Only the Information and Block Design dyad meets the study criteria. No statistically significant differences were found between dyad scores and FSIQ scores ( t (28) = 1.757; p = 0.09). The dyad has a high correlation with FSIQ, good percentage of variance explained ( R 2 = 0.591; p < 0.001), and high consistency with the FSIQ classification ( χ 2 (36) = 45.202; p = 0.14). Short forms with good predictive accuracy may not be accurate in clinical groups with atypical cognitive profiles such as AS patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1219-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=151
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-1 (January 2012) . - p.116-122[article] Estimation of the Intelligence Quotient Using Wechsler Intelligence Scales in Children and Adolescents with Asperger Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessica MERCHAN-NARANJO, Auteur ; María MAYORAL, Auteur ; Marta RAPADO-CASTRO, Auteur ; Cloe LLORENTE, Auteur ; Leticia BOADA, Auteur ; Celso ARANGO, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.116-122.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-1 (January 2012) . - p.116-122
Mots-clés : Asperger syndrome Intelligence Cognitive profile Wechsler Scales Short forms Dyads Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Asperger syndrome (AS) patients show heterogeneous intelligence profiles and the validity of short forms for estimating intelligence has rarely been studied in this population. We analyzed the validity of Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WIS) short forms for estimating full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and assessing intelligence profiles in 29 AS patients. Only the Information and Block Design dyad meets the study criteria. No statistically significant differences were found between dyad scores and FSIQ scores ( t (28) = 1.757; p = 0.09). The dyad has a high correlation with FSIQ, good percentage of variance explained ( R 2 = 0.591; p < 0.001), and high consistency with the FSIQ classification ( χ 2 (36) = 45.202; p = 0.14). Short forms with good predictive accuracy may not be accurate in clinical groups with atypical cognitive profiles such as AS patients. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1219-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=151 A Meta-Analysis of Differences in IQ Profiles Between Individuals with Asperger’s Disorder and High-Functioning Autism / Hsu-Min CHIANG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)
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