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Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder / Julia PARISH-MORRIS in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)
[article]
Titre : Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; M. Y. LIBERMAN, Auteur ; C. CIERI, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; J. DONAHER, Auteur ; E. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : 48p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Disfluency Filled pauses Gender differences Language Linguistic camouflage Pragmatic communication Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls, even when girls are equally symptomatic. Cutting-edge behavioral imaging has detected "camouflaging" in girls with ASD, wherein social behaviors appear superficially typical, complicating diagnosis. The present study explores a new kind of camouflage based on language differences. Pauses during conversation can be filled with words like UM or UH, but research suggests that these two words are pragmatically distinct (e.g., UM is used to signal longer pauses, and may correlate with greater social communicative sophistication than UH). Large-scale research suggests that women and younger people produce higher rates of UM during conversational pauses than do men and older people, who produce relatively more UH. Although it has been argued that children and adolescents with ASD use UM less often than typical peers, prior research has not included sufficient numbers of girls to examine whether sex explains this effect. Here, we explore UM vs. UH in school-aged boys and girls with ASD, and ask whether filled pauses relate to dimensional measures of autism symptom severity. METHODS: Sixty-five verbal school-aged participants with ASD (49 boys, 16 girls, IQ estimates in the average range) participated, along with a small comparison group of typically developing children (8 boys, 9 girls). Speech samples from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were orthographically transcribed and time-aligned, with filled pauses marked. Parents completed the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. RESULTS: Girls used UH less often than boys across both diagnostic groups. UH suppression resulted in higher UM ratios for girls than boys, and overall filled pause rates were higher for typical children than for children with ASD. Higher UM ratios correlated with better socialization in boys with ASD, but this effect was driven by increased use of UH by boys with greater symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Pragmatic language markers distinguish girls and boys with ASD, mirroring sex differences in the general population. One implication of this finding is that typical-sounding disfluency patterns (i.e., reduced relative UH production leading to higher UM ratios) may normalize the way girls with ASD sound relative to other children, serving as "linguistic camouflage" for a naive listener and distinguishing them from boys with ASD. This first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of continued commitment to understanding how sex and gender change the way that ASD manifests, and illustrates the potential of natural language to contribute to objective "behavioral imaging" diagnostics for ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0164-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330
in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 48p.[article] Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; M. Y. LIBERMAN, Auteur ; C. CIERI, Auteur ; J. D. HERRINGTON, Auteur ; B. E. YERYS, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; J. DONAHER, Auteur ; E. FERGUSON, Auteur ; J. PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur . - 48p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 48p.
Mots-clés : Autism Disfluency Filled pauses Gender differences Language Linguistic camouflage Pragmatic communication Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls, even when girls are equally symptomatic. Cutting-edge behavioral imaging has detected "camouflaging" in girls with ASD, wherein social behaviors appear superficially typical, complicating diagnosis. The present study explores a new kind of camouflage based on language differences. Pauses during conversation can be filled with words like UM or UH, but research suggests that these two words are pragmatically distinct (e.g., UM is used to signal longer pauses, and may correlate with greater social communicative sophistication than UH). Large-scale research suggests that women and younger people produce higher rates of UM during conversational pauses than do men and older people, who produce relatively more UH. Although it has been argued that children and adolescents with ASD use UM less often than typical peers, prior research has not included sufficient numbers of girls to examine whether sex explains this effect. Here, we explore UM vs. UH in school-aged boys and girls with ASD, and ask whether filled pauses relate to dimensional measures of autism symptom severity. METHODS: Sixty-five verbal school-aged participants with ASD (49 boys, 16 girls, IQ estimates in the average range) participated, along with a small comparison group of typically developing children (8 boys, 9 girls). Speech samples from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule were orthographically transcribed and time-aligned, with filled pauses marked. Parents completed the Social Communication Questionnaire and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. RESULTS: Girls used UH less often than boys across both diagnostic groups. UH suppression resulted in higher UM ratios for girls than boys, and overall filled pause rates were higher for typical children than for children with ASD. Higher UM ratios correlated with better socialization in boys with ASD, but this effect was driven by increased use of UH by boys with greater symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Pragmatic language markers distinguish girls and boys with ASD, mirroring sex differences in the general population. One implication of this finding is that typical-sounding disfluency patterns (i.e., reduced relative UH production leading to higher UM ratios) may normalize the way girls with ASD sound relative to other children, serving as "linguistic camouflage" for a naive listener and distinguishing them from boys with ASD. This first-of-its-kind study highlights the importance of continued commitment to understanding how sex and gender change the way that ASD manifests, and illustrates the potential of natural language to contribute to objective "behavioral imaging" diagnostics for ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0164-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 Brief Report: Treating Stuttering in an Adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Shelley B. BRUNDAGE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-2 (February 2013)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Treating Stuttering in an Adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shelley B. BRUNDAGE, Auteur ; Cory J. WHELAN, Auteur ; Cathleen M. BURGESS, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.483-489 Langues : (Eng) Mots-clés : Stuttering Autism Disfluency Treatment Single subject design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stuttering and autism can co-occur and when they do it presents a significant communication challenge. This study examined the effectiveness of a modified version of the fluency rules program (FRP; Runyan and Runyan, Stuttering and related disorders of fluency, in 2007) to reduce stuttering frequency in a man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The participant's percentage of stuttered words (%SW) was calculated during conversational interactions with multiple conversation partners both within and outside of the clinic treatment sessions. Visual inspection methods revealed a reduction in %SW from an average of 14.5 %SW during baseline to 2.07 %SW during the withdrawal phase. The mean baseline reduction in %SW from baseline to the second treatment phase was 91.8 %. The FRP holds promise for reducing %SW in persons with ASD who stutter. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1596-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-2 (February 2013) . - p.483-489[article] Brief Report: Treating Stuttering in an Adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shelley B. BRUNDAGE, Auteur ; Cory J. WHELAN, Auteur ; Cathleen M. BURGESS, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.483-489.
Langues : (Eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-2 (February 2013) . - p.483-489
Mots-clés : Stuttering Autism Disfluency Treatment Single subject design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stuttering and autism can co-occur and when they do it presents a significant communication challenge. This study examined the effectiveness of a modified version of the fluency rules program (FRP; Runyan and Runyan, Stuttering and related disorders of fluency, in 2007) to reduce stuttering frequency in a man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The participant's percentage of stuttered words (%SW) was calculated during conversational interactions with multiple conversation partners both within and outside of the clinic treatment sessions. Visual inspection methods revealed a reduction in %SW from an average of 14.5 %SW during baseline to 2.07 %SW during the withdrawal phase. The mean baseline reduction in %SW from baseline to the second treatment phase was 91.8 %. The FRP holds promise for reducing %SW in persons with ASD who stutter. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1596-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188 Brief Report: "Um" Fillers Distinguish Children With and Without ASD / Karla K MCGREGOR in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-5 (May 2020)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: "Um" Fillers Distinguish Children With and Without ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karla K MCGREGOR, Auteur ; Rex R HADDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1816-1821 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Discourse Disfluency Fillers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two laboratories have reported that children with ASD are less likely than their typical peers to fill pauses with um but their use of uh is unaffected (Irvine et al., J Autism Dev Disord 46(3):1061-1070, 2016; Gorman et al., Autism Res 9(8):854-865, 2016). In this brief report, we replicated this finding by comparing the discourse of 7-to-15-year-olds with ASD (N = 31) to that of their typically developing same-age peers (N = 32). The robustness of this easily documented difference in discourse suggests a potentially useful clinical marker of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3736-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-5 (May 2020) . - p.1816-1821[article] Brief Report: "Um" Fillers Distinguish Children With and Without ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karla K MCGREGOR, Auteur ; Rex R HADDEN, Auteur . - p.1816-1821.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-5 (May 2020) . - p.1816-1821
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Discourse Disfluency Fillers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Two laboratories have reported that children with ASD are less likely than their typical peers to fill pauses with um but their use of uh is unaffected (Irvine et al., J Autism Dev Disord 46(3):1061-1070, 2016; Gorman et al., Autism Res 9(8):854-865, 2016). In this brief report, we replicated this finding by comparing the discourse of 7-to-15-year-olds with ASD (N = 31) to that of their typically developing same-age peers (N = 32). The robustness of this easily documented difference in discourse suggests a potentially useful clinical marker of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3736-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=422 Combining voice and language features improves automated autism detection / Heather MACFARLANE in Autism Research, 15-7 (July 2022)
[article]
Titre : Combining voice and language features improves automated autism detection Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Heather MACFARLANE, Auteur ; Alexandra C. SALEM, Auteur ; Liu CHEN, Auteur ; Meysam ASGARI, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1288-1300 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism automated measures communication disfluency natural language processing pragmatic language prosody voice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Variability in expressive and receptive language, difficulty with pragmatic language, and prosodic difficulties are all features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Quantifying language and voice characteristics is an important step for measuring outcomes for autistic people, yet clinical measurement is cumbersome and costly. Using natural language processing (NLP) methods and a harmonic model of speech, we analyzed language transcripts and audio recordings to automatically classify individuals as ASD or non-ASD. One-hundred fifty-eight participants (88 ASD, 70 non-ASD) ages 7 to 17 were evaluated with the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS-2), module 3. The ADOS-2 was transcribed following modified SALT guidelines. Seven automated language measures (ALMs) and 10 automated voice measures (AVMs) for each participant were generated from the transcripts and audio of one ADOS-2 task. The measures were analyzed using support vector machine (SVM; a binary classifier) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The AVM model resulted in an ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7800, the ALM model an AUC of 0.8748, and the combined model a significantly improved AUC of 0.9205. The ALM model better detected ASD participants who were younger and had lower language skills and shorter activity time. ASD participants detected by the AVM model had better language profiles than those detected by the language model. In combination, automated measurement of language and voice characteristics successfully differentiated children with and without autism. This methodology could help design robust outcome measures for future research. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism often struggle with communication differences which traditional clinical measures and language tests cannot fully capture. Using language transcripts and audio recordings from 158 children ages 7 to 17, we showed that automated, objective language and voice measurements successfully predict the child's diagnosis. This methodology could help design improved outcome measures for research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477
in Autism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1288-1300[article] Combining voice and language features improves automated autism detection [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Heather MACFARLANE, Auteur ; Alexandra C. SALEM, Auteur ; Liu CHEN, Auteur ; Meysam ASGARI, Auteur ; Eric FOMBONNE, Auteur . - p.1288-1300.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1288-1300
Mots-clés : autism automated measures communication disfluency natural language processing pragmatic language prosody voice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Variability in expressive and receptive language, difficulty with pragmatic language, and prosodic difficulties are all features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Quantifying language and voice characteristics is an important step for measuring outcomes for autistic people, yet clinical measurement is cumbersome and costly. Using natural language processing (NLP) methods and a harmonic model of speech, we analyzed language transcripts and audio recordings to automatically classify individuals as ASD or non-ASD. One-hundred fifty-eight participants (88 ASD, 70 non-ASD) ages 7 to 17 were evaluated with the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS-2), module 3. The ADOS-2 was transcribed following modified SALT guidelines. Seven automated language measures (ALMs) and 10 automated voice measures (AVMs) for each participant were generated from the transcripts and audio of one ADOS-2 task. The measures were analyzed using support vector machine (SVM; a binary classifier) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The AVM model resulted in an ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7800, the ALM model an AUC of 0.8748, and the combined model a significantly improved AUC of 0.9205. The ALM model better detected ASD participants who were younger and had lower language skills and shorter activity time. ASD participants detected by the AVM model had better language profiles than those detected by the language model. In combination, automated measurement of language and voice characteristics successfully differentiated children with and without autism. This methodology could help design robust outcome measures for future research. LAY SUMMARY: People with autism often struggle with communication differences which traditional clinical measures and language tests cannot fully capture. Using language transcripts and audio recordings from 158 children ages 7 to 17, we showed that automated, objective language and voice measurements successfully predict the child's diagnosis. This methodology could help design improved outcome measures for research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 Uh and um in children with autism spectrum disorders or language impairment / Kyle GORMAN in Autism Research, 9-8 (August 2016)
[article]
Titre : Uh and um in children with autism spectrum disorders or language impairment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kyle GORMAN, Auteur ; Lindsay OLSON, Auteur ; Alison Presmanes HILL, Auteur ; Rebecca LUNSFORD, Auteur ; Peter A. HEEMAN, Auteur ; Jan P. H. VAN SANTEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.854-865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders language impairment social communication conversational reciprocity pragmatic language disfluency fillers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical pragmatic language is often present in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), along with delays or deficits in structural language. This study investigated the use of the “fillers” uh and um by children ages 4–8 during the autism diagnostic observation schedule. Fillers reflect speakers' difficulties with planning and delivering speech, but they also serve communicative purposes, such as negotiating control of the floor or conveying uncertainty. We hypothesized that children with ASD would use different patterns of fillers compared to peers with typical development or with specific language impairment (SLI), reflecting differences in social ability and communicative intent. Regression analyses revealed that children in the ASD group were much less likely to use um than children in the other two groups. Filler use is an easy-to-quantify feature of behavior that, in concert with other observations, may help to distinguish ASD from SLI. Autism Res 2016, 9: 854–865. © 2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1578 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=293
in Autism Research > 9-8 (August 2016) . - p.854-865[article] Uh and um in children with autism spectrum disorders or language impairment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kyle GORMAN, Auteur ; Lindsay OLSON, Auteur ; Alison Presmanes HILL, Auteur ; Rebecca LUNSFORD, Auteur ; Peter A. HEEMAN, Auteur ; Jan P. H. VAN SANTEN, Auteur . - p.854-865.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-8 (August 2016) . - p.854-865
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders language impairment social communication conversational reciprocity pragmatic language disfluency fillers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Atypical pragmatic language is often present in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), along with delays or deficits in structural language. This study investigated the use of the “fillers” uh and um by children ages 4–8 during the autism diagnostic observation schedule. Fillers reflect speakers' difficulties with planning and delivering speech, but they also serve communicative purposes, such as negotiating control of the floor or conveying uncertainty. We hypothesized that children with ASD would use different patterns of fillers compared to peers with typical development or with specific language impairment (SLI), reflecting differences in social ability and communicative intent. Regression analyses revealed that children in the ASD group were much less likely to use um than children in the other two groups. Filler use is an easy-to-quantify feature of behavior that, in concert with other observations, may help to distinguish ASD from SLI. Autism Res 2016, 9: 854–865. © 2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1578 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=293 Uh, Um, and Autism: Filler Disfluencies as Pragmatic Markers in Adolescents with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder / Christina A. IRVINE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-3 (March 2016)
PermalinkVeritable Untruths: Autistic Traits and the Processing of Deception / Wei LI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-11 (November 2022)
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