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No Evidence of Emotional Dysregulation or Aversion to Mutual Gaze in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Pupillometry Study / Heather J. NUSKE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-11 (November 2015)
[article]
Titre : No Evidence of Emotional Dysregulation or Aversion to Mutual Gaze in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Pupillometry Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Heather J. NUSKE, Auteur ; Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3433-3445 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mutual gaze Autism Gaze aversion hypothesis Direct eye contact Eye-tracking pupillometry Emotional regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ‘gaze aversion hypothesis’, suggests that people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) avoid mutual gaze because they experience it as hyper-arousing. To test this hypothesis we showed mutual and averted gaze stimuli to 23 mixed-ability preschoolers with ASD (M Mullen DQ = 68) and 21 typically-developing preschoolers, aged 2–5 years, using eye-tracking technology to measure visual attention and emotional arousal (i.e., pupil dilation). There were no group differences in attention to the eye region or pupil dilation. Both groups dilated their pupils more to mutual compared to averted gaze. More internalizing symptoms in the children with ASD related to less emotional arousal to mutual gaze. The pattern of results suggests that preschoolers with ASD are not dysregulated in their responses to mutual gaze. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2479-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-11 (November 2015) . - p.3433-3445[article] No Evidence of Emotional Dysregulation or Aversion to Mutual Gaze in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Pupillometry Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Heather J. NUSKE, Auteur ; Giacomo VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - p.3433-3445.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-11 (November 2015) . - p.3433-3445
Mots-clés : Mutual gaze Autism Gaze aversion hypothesis Direct eye contact Eye-tracking pupillometry Emotional regulation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ‘gaze aversion hypothesis’, suggests that people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) avoid mutual gaze because they experience it as hyper-arousing. To test this hypothesis we showed mutual and averted gaze stimuli to 23 mixed-ability preschoolers with ASD (M Mullen DQ = 68) and 21 typically-developing preschoolers, aged 2–5 years, using eye-tracking technology to measure visual attention and emotional arousal (i.e., pupil dilation). There were no group differences in attention to the eye region or pupil dilation. Both groups dilated their pupils more to mutual compared to averted gaze. More internalizing symptoms in the children with ASD related to less emotional arousal to mutual gaze. The pattern of results suggests that preschoolers with ASD are not dysregulated in their responses to mutual gaze. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2479-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=270 Others' emotions teach, but not in autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study / H. J. NUSKE in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Others' emotions teach, but not in autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; G. VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 36p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Autistic Disorder/physiopathology Child, Preschool Emotions/physiology Facial Expression Female Humans Male Pupil/physiology Autism Autonomic nervous system Emotion Eye-tracking pupillometry Social learning Social-emotional calibration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Much research has investigated deficit in emotional reactivity to others in people with autism, but scant attention has been paid to how this deficit affects their own reactions to features of their environment (objects, events, practices, etc.). The present study presents a preliminary analysis on whether calibrating one's own emotional reactions to others' emotional reactions about features of the world, a process we term social-emotional calibration, is disrupted in autism. METHODS: To examine this process, we used a novel eye-tracking pupillometry paradigm in which we showed 20 preschoolers with autism and 20 matched typically developing preschoolers' videos of an actor opening a box and reacting to the occluded object inside, with fear or happiness. We expected preschoolers to come to perceive the box as containing a positive or threatening stimulus through emotionally calibrating to the actor's emotional expressions. Children's mean pupil diameter (indicating emotional reactivity) was measured whilst viewing an up-close, visually identical image of the box before and then after the scene, and this difference was taken as an index of social-emotional calibration and compared between groups. RESULTS: Whilst the typically developing preschoolers responded more emotionally to the box after, compared to before the scene (as indexed by an increase in pupil size), those with autism did not, suggesting their reaction to the object was not affected by the actor's emotional expressions. The groups did not differ in looking duration to the emotional expressions; thus, the pupil dilation findings cannot be explained by differences in visual attention. More social-emotional calibration on the happy condition was associated with less severe autism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Through the measurement of physiological reactivity, findings suggest social-emotional calibration is diminished in children with autism, with calibration to others' positive emotions as particularly important. This study highlights a possible mechanism by which individuals with autism develop idiosyncratic reactions to features of their environment, which is likely to impact their active and harmonious participation on social and cultural practices from infancy, throughout the lifespan. More research is needed to examine the mediators and developmental sequence of this tendency to emotionally calibrate to others' feelings about the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0098-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 36p.[article] Others' emotions teach, but not in autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; G. VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - 36p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 36p.
Mots-clés : Attention Autistic Disorder/physiopathology Child, Preschool Emotions/physiology Facial Expression Female Humans Male Pupil/physiology Autism Autonomic nervous system Emotion Eye-tracking pupillometry Social learning Social-emotional calibration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Much research has investigated deficit in emotional reactivity to others in people with autism, but scant attention has been paid to how this deficit affects their own reactions to features of their environment (objects, events, practices, etc.). The present study presents a preliminary analysis on whether calibrating one's own emotional reactions to others' emotional reactions about features of the world, a process we term social-emotional calibration, is disrupted in autism. METHODS: To examine this process, we used a novel eye-tracking pupillometry paradigm in which we showed 20 preschoolers with autism and 20 matched typically developing preschoolers' videos of an actor opening a box and reacting to the occluded object inside, with fear or happiness. We expected preschoolers to come to perceive the box as containing a positive or threatening stimulus through emotionally calibrating to the actor's emotional expressions. Children's mean pupil diameter (indicating emotional reactivity) was measured whilst viewing an up-close, visually identical image of the box before and then after the scene, and this difference was taken as an index of social-emotional calibration and compared between groups. RESULTS: Whilst the typically developing preschoolers responded more emotionally to the box after, compared to before the scene (as indexed by an increase in pupil size), those with autism did not, suggesting their reaction to the object was not affected by the actor's emotional expressions. The groups did not differ in looking duration to the emotional expressions; thus, the pupil dilation findings cannot be explained by differences in visual attention. More social-emotional calibration on the happy condition was associated with less severe autism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Through the measurement of physiological reactivity, findings suggest social-emotional calibration is diminished in children with autism, with calibration to others' positive emotions as particularly important. This study highlights a possible mechanism by which individuals with autism develop idiosyncratic reactions to features of their environment, which is likely to impact their active and harmonious participation on social and cultural practices from infancy, throughout the lifespan. More research is needed to examine the mediators and developmental sequence of this tendency to emotionally calibrate to others' feelings about the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0098-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329