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Ketogenic diet modifies the gut microbiota in a murine model of autism spectrum disorder / C. NEWELL in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Ketogenic diet modifies the gut microbiota in a murine model of autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. NEWELL, Auteur ; M. R. BOMHOF, Auteur ; R. A. REIMER, Auteur ; D. S. HITTEL, Auteur ; J. M. RHO, Auteur ; J. SHEARER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 37p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology Bacteria/isolation & purification Behavior, Animal Cecum/microbiology Diet, Ketogenic Disease Models, Animal Feces/microbiology Gastrointestinal Microbiome Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Social Behavior Autism spectrum disorder BTBR mouse Gut microbiome Ketogenic diet Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbial composition disturbances have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examines whether gut microbiome disturbances are present in the BTBR(T + tf/j) (BTBR) mouse model of ASD and if the ketogenic diet, a diet previously shown to elicit therapeutic benefit in this mouse model, is capable of altering the profile. FINDINGS: Juvenile male C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR mice were fed a standard chow (CH, 13 % kcal fat) or ketogenic diet (KD, 75 % kcal fat) for 10-14 days. Following diets, fecal and cecal samples were collected for analysis. Main findings are as follows: (1) gut microbiota compositions of cecal and fecal samples were altered in BTBR compared to control mice, indicating that this model may be of utility in understanding gut-brain interactions in ASD; (2) KD consumption caused an anti-microbial-like effect by significantly decreasing total host bacterial abundance in cecal and fecal matter; (3) specific to BTBR animals, the KD counteracted the common ASD phenotype of a low Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in both sample types; and (4) the KD reversed elevated Akkermansia muciniphila content in the cecal and fecal matter of BTBR animals. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that consumption of a KD likely triggers reductions in total gut microbial counts and compositional remodeling in the BTBR mouse. These findings may explain, in part, the ability of a KD to mitigate some of the neurological symptoms associated with ASD in an animal model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0099-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 37p.[article] Ketogenic diet modifies the gut microbiota in a murine model of autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. NEWELL, Auteur ; M. R. BOMHOF, Auteur ; R. A. REIMER, Auteur ; D. S. HITTEL, Auteur ; J. M. RHO, Auteur ; J. SHEARER, Auteur . - 37p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 37p.
Mots-clés : Animals Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology Bacteria/isolation & purification Behavior, Animal Cecum/microbiology Diet, Ketogenic Disease Models, Animal Feces/microbiology Gastrointestinal Microbiome Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Social Behavior Autism spectrum disorder BTBR mouse Gut microbiome Ketogenic diet Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbial composition disturbances have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examines whether gut microbiome disturbances are present in the BTBR(T + tf/j) (BTBR) mouse model of ASD and if the ketogenic diet, a diet previously shown to elicit therapeutic benefit in this mouse model, is capable of altering the profile. FINDINGS: Juvenile male C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR mice were fed a standard chow (CH, 13 % kcal fat) or ketogenic diet (KD, 75 % kcal fat) for 10-14 days. Following diets, fecal and cecal samples were collected for analysis. Main findings are as follows: (1) gut microbiota compositions of cecal and fecal samples were altered in BTBR compared to control mice, indicating that this model may be of utility in understanding gut-brain interactions in ASD; (2) KD consumption caused an anti-microbial-like effect by significantly decreasing total host bacterial abundance in cecal and fecal matter; (3) specific to BTBR animals, the KD counteracted the common ASD phenotype of a low Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in both sample types; and (4) the KD reversed elevated Akkermansia muciniphila content in the cecal and fecal matter of BTBR animals. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that consumption of a KD likely triggers reductions in total gut microbial counts and compositional remodeling in the BTBR mouse. These findings may explain, in part, the ability of a KD to mitigate some of the neurological symptoms associated with ASD in an animal model. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0099-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 Gut mobilization improves behavioral symptoms and modulates urinary p-cresol in chronically constipated autistic children: A prospective study / L. TURRIZIANI in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)
[article]
Titre : Gut mobilization improves behavioral symptoms and modulates urinary p-cresol in chronically constipated autistic children: A prospective study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. TURRIZIANI, Auteur ; A. RICCIARDELLO, Auteur ; F. CUCINOTTA, Auteur ; F. BELLOMO, Auteur ; G. TURTURO, Auteur ; M. BONCODDO, Auteur ; S. MIRABELLI, Auteur ; M. L. SCATTONI, Auteur ; M. ROSSI, Auteur ; A. M. PERSICO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.56-69 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Behavioral Symptoms Child Child, Preschool Constipation/complications Cresols/urine Gastrointestinal Microbiome Gastrointestinal Motility Humans Prospective Studies 4-cresol anxiety autism autism spectrum disorder biomarkers constipation microbiota Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chronic constipation is common among children with ASD and is associated with more severe hyperactivity, anxiety, irritability, and repetitive behaviors. Young autistic children with chronic constipation display higher urinary, and foecal concentrations of p-cresol, an aromatic compound produced by gut bacteria, known to negatively affect brain function. Acute p-cresol administration to BTBR mice enhances anxiety, hyperactivity and stereotypic behaviors, while blunting social interaction. This study was undertaken to prospectively assess the behavioral effects of gut mobilization in young autistic children with chronic constipation, and to verify their possible correlation with urinary p-cresol. To this aim, 21 chronically constipated autistic children 2-8?years old were evaluated before (T0), 1?month (T1), and 6?months (T2) after intestinal mobilization, recording Bristol stool scale scores, urinary p-cresol concentrations, and behavioral scores for social interaction deficits, stereotypic behaviors, anxiety, and hyperactivity. Gut mobilization yielded a progressive and highly significant decrease in all behavioral symptoms over the 6-month study period. Urinary p-cresol levels displayed variable trends not significantly correlated with changes in behavioral parameters, mainly increasing at T1 and decreasing at T2. These results support gut mobilization as a simple strategy to ameliorate ASD symptoms, as well as comorbid anxiety and hyperactivity, in chronically constipated children. Variation in p-cresol absorption seemingly provides limited contributions, if any, to these behavioral changes. Further research will be needed to address the relative role of reduced abdominal discomfort following mobilization, as compared to specific modifications in microbiome composition and in gut bacteria-derived neuroactive compounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2639 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.56-69[article] Gut mobilization improves behavioral symptoms and modulates urinary p-cresol in chronically constipated autistic children: A prospective study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. TURRIZIANI, Auteur ; A. RICCIARDELLO, Auteur ; F. CUCINOTTA, Auteur ; F. BELLOMO, Auteur ; G. TURTURO, Auteur ; M. BONCODDO, Auteur ; S. MIRABELLI, Auteur ; M. L. SCATTONI, Auteur ; M. ROSSI, Auteur ; A. M. PERSICO, Auteur . - p.56-69.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.56-69
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Behavioral Symptoms Child Child, Preschool Constipation/complications Cresols/urine Gastrointestinal Microbiome Gastrointestinal Motility Humans Prospective Studies 4-cresol anxiety autism autism spectrum disorder biomarkers constipation microbiota Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Chronic constipation is common among children with ASD and is associated with more severe hyperactivity, anxiety, irritability, and repetitive behaviors. Young autistic children with chronic constipation display higher urinary, and foecal concentrations of p-cresol, an aromatic compound produced by gut bacteria, known to negatively affect brain function. Acute p-cresol administration to BTBR mice enhances anxiety, hyperactivity and stereotypic behaviors, while blunting social interaction. This study was undertaken to prospectively assess the behavioral effects of gut mobilization in young autistic children with chronic constipation, and to verify their possible correlation with urinary p-cresol. To this aim, 21 chronically constipated autistic children 2-8?years old were evaluated before (T0), 1?month (T1), and 6?months (T2) after intestinal mobilization, recording Bristol stool scale scores, urinary p-cresol concentrations, and behavioral scores for social interaction deficits, stereotypic behaviors, anxiety, and hyperactivity. Gut mobilization yielded a progressive and highly significant decrease in all behavioral symptoms over the 6-month study period. Urinary p-cresol levels displayed variable trends not significantly correlated with changes in behavioral parameters, mainly increasing at T1 and decreasing at T2. These results support gut mobilization as a simple strategy to ameliorate ASD symptoms, as well as comorbid anxiety and hyperactivity, in chronically constipated children. Variation in p-cresol absorption seemingly provides limited contributions, if any, to these behavioral changes. Further research will be needed to address the relative role of reduced abdominal discomfort following mobilization, as compared to specific modifications in microbiome composition and in gut bacteria-derived neuroactive compounds. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2639 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Depicting the composition of gut microbiota in children with tic disorders: an exploratory study / W. XI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-10 (October 2021)
[article]
Titre : Depicting the composition of gut microbiota in children with tic disorders: an exploratory study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. XI, Auteur ; X. GAO, Auteur ; H. ZHAO, Auteur ; X. LUO, Auteur ; J. LI, Auteur ; X. TAN, Auteur ; L. WANG, Auteur ; J. B. ZHAO, Auteur ; J. WANG, Auteur ; G. YANG, Auteur ; L. Y. LIU, Auteur ; Y. Y. WANG, Auteur ; L. PENG, Auteur ; L. P. ZOU, Auteur ; Y. YANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1246-1254 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bacteroides Child Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Prevotella Ruminococcus Streptococcus Tic Disorders dopamine receptor antagonists gut microbiota metabolic pathways metagenomics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Symptom improvement in children with tic disorder (TD) following fecal microbiota transplantation led us to investigate the gut microbiota in TD. This exploratory study aims to depict the gut microbial profile in patients with TD and explore the impact of dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA) drugs on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota. METHODS: The gut microbiota were profiled in fecal samples of 49 children with TD and 50 matched healthy controls (HC) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. A random forest (RF) model was constructed using the gut bacterial species to distinguish TD from HC. Associations between clinical metadata and microbial abundance or function were analyzed using MaAsLin2 and Spearman correlation. RESULTS: The gut microbiota in children with TD was featured by higher abundances of Bacteroides plebeius and Ruminococcus lactaris (a potential pro-inflammatory taxon) and lower abundances of Prevotella stercorea and Streptococcus lutetiensis compared to HC. The constructed RF model accurately distinguished TD from HC based on the gut microbiota profile, resulting in an AUC of 0.884. Significant correlations were observed between tic symptom severity and the abundances of multiple bacterial species and gut microbiota metabolic functions. Multivariate analysis identified an upregulation of 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) degradation in the gut microbiota associated with TD status. The gut microbiota of DRA-treated TD children showed a distinct gut microbiota compared to the treatment-naïve group, represented by an increase in some potential enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli, a decline in several species including Akkermansia muciniphila, and alterations in various metabolic functions. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial species promoting inflammatory responses and those modulating neurotransmitters such as GABA may be involved in the pathogenesis of TD. The use of DRA drugs is likely to induce overgrowth of some enteric pathogens and alter the gut microbiota metabolism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13409 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-10 (October 2021) . - p.1246-1254[article] Depicting the composition of gut microbiota in children with tic disorders: an exploratory study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. XI, Auteur ; X. GAO, Auteur ; H. ZHAO, Auteur ; X. LUO, Auteur ; J. LI, Auteur ; X. TAN, Auteur ; L. WANG, Auteur ; J. B. ZHAO, Auteur ; J. WANG, Auteur ; G. YANG, Auteur ; L. Y. LIU, Auteur ; Y. Y. WANG, Auteur ; L. PENG, Auteur ; L. P. ZOU, Auteur ; Y. YANG, Auteur . - p.1246-1254.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-10 (October 2021) . - p.1246-1254
Mots-clés : Bacteroides Child Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Prevotella Ruminococcus Streptococcus Tic Disorders dopamine receptor antagonists gut microbiota metabolic pathways metagenomics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Symptom improvement in children with tic disorder (TD) following fecal microbiota transplantation led us to investigate the gut microbiota in TD. This exploratory study aims to depict the gut microbial profile in patients with TD and explore the impact of dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA) drugs on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota. METHODS: The gut microbiota were profiled in fecal samples of 49 children with TD and 50 matched healthy controls (HC) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. A random forest (RF) model was constructed using the gut bacterial species to distinguish TD from HC. Associations between clinical metadata and microbial abundance or function were analyzed using MaAsLin2 and Spearman correlation. RESULTS: The gut microbiota in children with TD was featured by higher abundances of Bacteroides plebeius and Ruminococcus lactaris (a potential pro-inflammatory taxon) and lower abundances of Prevotella stercorea and Streptococcus lutetiensis compared to HC. The constructed RF model accurately distinguished TD from HC based on the gut microbiota profile, resulting in an AUC of 0.884. Significant correlations were observed between tic symptom severity and the abundances of multiple bacterial species and gut microbiota metabolic functions. Multivariate analysis identified an upregulation of 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) degradation in the gut microbiota associated with TD status. The gut microbiota of DRA-treated TD children showed a distinct gut microbiota compared to the treatment-naïve group, represented by an increase in some potential enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli, a decline in several species including Akkermansia muciniphila, and alterations in various metabolic functions. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial species promoting inflammatory responses and those modulating neurotransmitters such as GABA may be involved in the pathogenesis of TD. The use of DRA drugs is likely to induce overgrowth of some enteric pathogens and alter the gut microbiota metabolism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13409 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 A Meta-analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism / P. ANDREO-MARTÍNEZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-3 (March 2022)
[article]
Titre : A Meta-analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. ANDREO-MARTÍNEZ, Auteur ; M. RUBIO-APARICIO, Auteur ; J. SÁNCHEZ-MECA, Auteur ; A. VEAS, Auteur ; A. E. MARTINEZ-GONZALEZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1374-1387 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology Autistic Disorder Bacteria Child Dysbiosis/microbiology Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Gut microbiota Meta-analysis Microbiota-gut-brain axis Systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have reported dysbiosis in the gut microbiota (GM) of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which may be a determining factor on child development through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, it is not clear if there is a specific group of dysbiotic bacteria in ASD. The aim of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis on the studies that analyze GM in children with ASD. 18 studies fulfilled our selection criteria. Our results showed a lower relative abundance of Streptococcus (SMD(+)?=?- 0.999; 95% CI - 1.549, - 0.449) and Bifidobacterium genera (SMD(+)?=?- 0.513; 95% CI - 0.953, - 0.073) in children with ASD. Overall, the Bifidobacterium genera is involved. However, differences found between studies are attributed to factors such as reporting bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05002-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-3 (March 2022) . - p.1374-1387[article] A Meta-analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. ANDREO-MARTÍNEZ, Auteur ; M. RUBIO-APARICIO, Auteur ; J. SÁNCHEZ-MECA, Auteur ; A. VEAS, Auteur ; A. E. MARTINEZ-GONZALEZ, Auteur . - p.1374-1387.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-3 (March 2022) . - p.1374-1387
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology Autistic Disorder Bacteria Child Dysbiosis/microbiology Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Gut microbiota Meta-analysis Microbiota-gut-brain axis Systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have reported dysbiosis in the gut microbiota (GM) of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which may be a determining factor on child development through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, it is not clear if there is a specific group of dysbiotic bacteria in ASD. The aim of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis on the studies that analyze GM in children with ASD. 18 studies fulfilled our selection criteria. Our results showed a lower relative abundance of Streptococcus (SMD(+)?=?- 0.999; 95% CI - 1.549, - 0.449) and Bifidobacterium genera (SMD(+)?=?- 0.513; 95% CI - 0.953, - 0.073) in children with ASD. Overall, the Bifidobacterium genera is involved. However, differences found between studies are attributed to factors such as reporting bias. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05002-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455 Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review / Q. TAN in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)
[article]
Titre : Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Q. TAN, Auteur ; C. E. ORSSO, Auteur ; E. C. DEEHAN, Auteur ; J. Y. KUNG, Auteur ; H. M. TUN, Auteur ; E. WINE, Auteur ; K. L. MADSEN, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; A. M. HAQQ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1820-1836 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy Behavioral Symptoms Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Prebiotics Probiotics/therapeutic use Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Synbiotics autism spectrum disorder fecal microbiota transplant gut microbiota prebiotic probiotic synbiotic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The emerging role of a microbiota-gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that modulating gut microbial composition may offer a tractable approach to addressing the lifelong challenges of ASD. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview and critically evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, and fecal microbiota transplantation therapies for core and co-occurring behavioral symptoms in individuals with ASD. Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were performed from inception to March 5, 2020, and two update searches were completed on October 25, 2020, and April 22, 2021, respectively. A total of 4306 publications were identified, of which 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a preconstructed form. Results of probiotic studies do not confirm the supposed beneficial effect of probiotics on ASD, whereas prebiotics and synbiotic combinations appear to be efficacious in selective behavioral symptoms. Evidence of the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in ASD is still scarce but supports further research. Overall, the current evidence base to suggest beneficial effects of these modalities in ASD is limited and inconclusive. More clinical trials are currently looking at the use of microbial-based therapies in ASD. With a robust double-blind randomized controlled protocol to investigate the efficacy, these trials should provide significant and definitive results. LAY SUMMARY: There is a link between altered gut bacteria and autism spectrum disorder. Some people believe that modulating bacterial composition in the gut may help reduce autism symptoms, but evidence from human studies suggesting beneficial effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and combination thereof as well as fecal transplants in autism spectrum disorder is limited and inconclusive. Current data should not encourage use of these modalities. Further clinical studies are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1820-1836[article] Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Q. TAN, Auteur ; C. E. ORSSO, Auteur ; E. C. DEEHAN, Auteur ; J. Y. KUNG, Auteur ; H. M. TUN, Auteur ; E. WINE, Auteur ; K. L. MADSEN, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; A. M. HAQQ, Auteur . - p.1820-1836.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1820-1836
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy Behavioral Symptoms Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Gastrointestinal Microbiome Humans Prebiotics Probiotics/therapeutic use Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Synbiotics autism spectrum disorder fecal microbiota transplant gut microbiota prebiotic probiotic synbiotic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The emerging role of a microbiota-gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that modulating gut microbial composition may offer a tractable approach to addressing the lifelong challenges of ASD. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview and critically evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, and fecal microbiota transplantation therapies for core and co-occurring behavioral symptoms in individuals with ASD. Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were performed from inception to March 5, 2020, and two update searches were completed on October 25, 2020, and April 22, 2021, respectively. A total of 4306 publications were identified, of which 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a preconstructed form. Results of probiotic studies do not confirm the supposed beneficial effect of probiotics on ASD, whereas prebiotics and synbiotic combinations appear to be efficacious in selective behavioral symptoms. Evidence of the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in ASD is still scarce but supports further research. Overall, the current evidence base to suggest beneficial effects of these modalities in ASD is limited and inconclusive. More clinical trials are currently looking at the use of microbial-based therapies in ASD. With a robust double-blind randomized controlled protocol to investigate the efficacy, these trials should provide significant and definitive results. LAY SUMMARY: There is a link between altered gut bacteria and autism spectrum disorder. Some people believe that modulating bacterial composition in the gut may help reduce autism symptoms, but evidence from human studies suggesting beneficial effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and combination thereof as well as fecal transplants in autism spectrum disorder is limited and inconclusive. Current data should not encourage use of these modalities. Further clinical studies are needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2560 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449