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Targets and Cues: Gaze-following in Children with Autism / Susan R. LEEKAM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39-7 (October 1998)
[article]
Titre : Targets and Cues: Gaze-following in Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; Emma HUNNISETT, Auteur ; Chris MOORE, Auteur Année de publication : 1998 Article en page(s) : p.951-962 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism attention nonverbal communication gaze-following joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism are known to have difficulties in sharing attention with others. Yet one joint attention behaviour, the ability to follow another person's head turn and gaze direction, may be achieved without necessarily sharing attention. Why, then, should autistic children have difficulties with it? In this study we examined the extent of this difficulty by testing school-aged autistic children across three different contexts; experiment, observation, and parent interview. We also tested whether the ability to orient to another person's head and gaze could be facilitated by increasing children's attention to environmental targets and social cues. Results for experiment and observation demonstrate that a sizeable proportion of children with autism did not have difficulties with following another's head turn. There was a difference between children with high and low verbal mental ages, however. Whereas children with higher mental ages (over 48 months) were able to orient spontaneously to another person's head turn, children with lower mental ages had difficulties with this response. When cues were added (pointing, language) or when feedback from targets was given, however, their performance improved. Parent interview data indicated that children with autism, whatever their mental age, began to follow head turn and gaze direction years later than typically developing children. Developments in attention and language are proposed as possible factors to account for this developmental delay. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=123
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 39-7 (October 1998) . - p.951-962[article] Targets and Cues: Gaze-following in Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; Emma HUNNISETT, Auteur ; Chris MOORE, Auteur . - 1998 . - p.951-962.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 39-7 (October 1998) . - p.951-962
Mots-clés : Autism attention nonverbal communication gaze-following joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism are known to have difficulties in sharing attention with others. Yet one joint attention behaviour, the ability to follow another person's head turn and gaze direction, may be achieved without necessarily sharing attention. Why, then, should autistic children have difficulties with it? In this study we examined the extent of this difficulty by testing school-aged autistic children across three different contexts; experiment, observation, and parent interview. We also tested whether the ability to orient to another person's head and gaze could be facilitated by increasing children's attention to environmental targets and social cues. Results for experiment and observation demonstrate that a sizeable proportion of children with autism did not have difficulties with following another's head turn. There was a difference between children with high and low verbal mental ages, however. Whereas children with higher mental ages (over 48 months) were able to orient spontaneously to another person's head turn, children with lower mental ages had difficulties with this response. When cues were added (pointing, language) or when feedback from targets was given, however, their performance improved. Parent interview data indicated that children with autism, whatever their mental age, began to follow head turn and gaze direction years later than typically developing children. Developments in attention and language are proposed as possible factors to account for this developmental delay. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=123 Altered sense of gaze leading in autism / Ouriel GRYNSZPAN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 67 (November 2019)
[article]
Titre : Altered sense of gaze leading in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ouriel GRYNSZPAN, Auteur ; Julie BOUTEILLER, Auteur ; Séverine GRYNSZPAN, Auteur ; Florence LE BARILLIER, Auteur ; Jean-Claude MARTIN, Auteur ; Jacqueline NADEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101441 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Social behavior Joint attention Gaze-following Self-monitoring Avatar Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Impairments in joint attention are considered a hallmark of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Yet, the ability of people with ASD to lead the attentional focus of others has been scarcely investigated. Method To address this issue, we designed virtual avatars that can follow the gaze of participants with head and eye movements in real time using eye-tracking. During a training phase, participants were alternately exposed to an avatar that followed their gaze and an avatar that did not. In a subsequent test phase, they were facing the two avatars at the same time. Results Eye-tracking data showed that, unlike typical controls, participants with ASD focused more on the gaze-following avatar. They were also less inclined to report that their gaze had been followed by this avatar. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD fail to sense themselves as agents leading the attentional focus of others during joint attention episodes. Practitioners should not expect individuals with ASD to spontaneously understand the contingency between their attentional focus and someone else’s, even if the link is highly ostensible. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 67 (November 2019) . - p.101441[article] Altered sense of gaze leading in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ouriel GRYNSZPAN, Auteur ; Julie BOUTEILLER, Auteur ; Séverine GRYNSZPAN, Auteur ; Florence LE BARILLIER, Auteur ; Jean-Claude MARTIN, Auteur ; Jacqueline NADEL, Auteur . - p.101441.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 67 (November 2019) . - p.101441
Mots-clés : Social behavior Joint attention Gaze-following Self-monitoring Avatar Eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Impairments in joint attention are considered a hallmark of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Yet, the ability of people with ASD to lead the attentional focus of others has been scarcely investigated. Method To address this issue, we designed virtual avatars that can follow the gaze of participants with head and eye movements in real time using eye-tracking. During a training phase, participants were alternately exposed to an avatar that followed their gaze and an avatar that did not. In a subsequent test phase, they were facing the two avatars at the same time. Results Eye-tracking data showed that, unlike typical controls, participants with ASD focused more on the gaze-following avatar. They were also less inclined to report that their gaze had been followed by this avatar. Conclusions These results suggest that adults with ASD fail to sense themselves as agents leading the attentional focus of others during joint attention episodes. Practitioners should not expect individuals with ASD to spontaneously understand the contingency between their attentional focus and someone else’s, even if the link is highly ostensible. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101441 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=405