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Autistic traits and individual brain differences: functional network efficiency reflects attentional and social impairments, structural nodal efficiencies index systemising and theory-of-mind skills / Subhadip PAUL in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)
[article]
Titre : Autistic traits and individual brain differences: functional network efficiency reflects attentional and social impairments, structural nodal efficiencies index systemising and theory-of-mind skills Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Subhadip PAUL, Auteur ; Aditi ARORA, Auteur ; Rashi MIDHA, Auteur ; Dinh VU, Auteur ; Prasun K. ROY, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 3p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Autism Dti Dimensional Functional connectivity Graph theory Social Theory-of-mind fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is characterised not only by impaired social cognitive 'empathising' but also by superior rule-based 'systemising'. These cognitive domains intertwine within the categorical diagnosis of autism, yet behavioural genetics suggest largely independent heritability, and separable brain mechanisms. We sought to determine whether quantitative behavioural measures of autistic traits are dimensionally associated with structural and functional brain network integrity, and whether brain bases of autistic traits vary independently across individuals. METHODS: Thirty right-handed neurotypical adults (12 females) were administered psychometric (Social Responsiveness Scale, Autism Spectrum Quotient and Systemising Quotient) and behavioural (Attention Network Test and theory-of-mind reaction time) measures of autistic traits, and structurally (diffusion tensor imaging) and functionally (500 s of 2 Hz eyes-closed resting fMRI) derived graph-theoretic measures of efficiency of information integration were computed throughout the brain and within subregions. RESULTS: Social impairment was positively associated with functional efficiency (r = .47, p = .006), globally and within temporo-parietal and prefrontal cortices. Delayed orienting of attention likewise was associated with greater functional efficiency (r = - .46, p = .0133). Systemising was positively associated with global structural efficiency (r = .38, p = 0.018), driven specifically by temporal pole; theory-of-mind reaction time was related to structural efficiency (r = - .40, p = 0.0153) within right supramarginal gyrus. LIMITATIONS: Interpretation of these relationships is complicated by the many senses of the term 'connectivity', including functional, structural and computational; by the approximation inherent in group functional anatomical parcellations when confronted with individual variation in functional anatomy; and by the validity, sensitivity and specificity of the several survey and experimental behavioural measures applied as correlates of brain structure and function. CONCLUSIONS: Functional connectivities highlight distributed networks associated with domain-general properties such as attentional orienting and social cognition broadly, associating more impaired behaviour with more efficient brain networks that may reflect heightened feedforward information flow subserving autistic strengths and deficits alike. Structural connectivity results highlight specific anatomical nodes of convergence, reflecting cognitive and neuroanatomical independence of systemising and theory-of-mind. In addition, this work shows that individual differences in theory-of-mind related to brain structure can be measured behaviourally, and offers neuroanatomical evidence to pin down the slippery construct of 'systemising' as the capacity to construct invariant contextual associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00377-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442
in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 3p.[article] Autistic traits and individual brain differences: functional network efficiency reflects attentional and social impairments, structural nodal efficiencies index systemising and theory-of-mind skills [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Subhadip PAUL, Auteur ; Aditi ARORA, Auteur ; Rashi MIDHA, Auteur ; Dinh VU, Auteur ; Prasun K. ROY, Auteur ; Matthew K. BELMONTE, Auteur . - 3p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 3p.
Mots-clés : Attention Autism Dti Dimensional Functional connectivity Graph theory Social Theory-of-mind fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism is characterised not only by impaired social cognitive 'empathising' but also by superior rule-based 'systemising'. These cognitive domains intertwine within the categorical diagnosis of autism, yet behavioural genetics suggest largely independent heritability, and separable brain mechanisms. We sought to determine whether quantitative behavioural measures of autistic traits are dimensionally associated with structural and functional brain network integrity, and whether brain bases of autistic traits vary independently across individuals. METHODS: Thirty right-handed neurotypical adults (12 females) were administered psychometric (Social Responsiveness Scale, Autism Spectrum Quotient and Systemising Quotient) and behavioural (Attention Network Test and theory-of-mind reaction time) measures of autistic traits, and structurally (diffusion tensor imaging) and functionally (500 s of 2 Hz eyes-closed resting fMRI) derived graph-theoretic measures of efficiency of information integration were computed throughout the brain and within subregions. RESULTS: Social impairment was positively associated with functional efficiency (r = .47, p = .006), globally and within temporo-parietal and prefrontal cortices. Delayed orienting of attention likewise was associated with greater functional efficiency (r = - .46, p = .0133). Systemising was positively associated with global structural efficiency (r = .38, p = 0.018), driven specifically by temporal pole; theory-of-mind reaction time was related to structural efficiency (r = - .40, p = 0.0153) within right supramarginal gyrus. LIMITATIONS: Interpretation of these relationships is complicated by the many senses of the term 'connectivity', including functional, structural and computational; by the approximation inherent in group functional anatomical parcellations when confronted with individual variation in functional anatomy; and by the validity, sensitivity and specificity of the several survey and experimental behavioural measures applied as correlates of brain structure and function. CONCLUSIONS: Functional connectivities highlight distributed networks associated with domain-general properties such as attentional orienting and social cognition broadly, associating more impaired behaviour with more efficient brain networks that may reflect heightened feedforward information flow subserving autistic strengths and deficits alike. Structural connectivity results highlight specific anatomical nodes of convergence, reflecting cognitive and neuroanatomical independence of systemising and theory-of-mind. In addition, this work shows that individual differences in theory-of-mind related to brain structure can be measured behaviourally, and offers neuroanatomical evidence to pin down the slippery construct of 'systemising' as the capacity to construct invariant contextual associations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00377-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442 Mapping the Network of Neuropsychological Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Graph Theoretical Analysis / George M. IBRAHIM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-12 (December 2016)
[article]
Titre : Mapping the Network of Neuropsychological Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Graph Theoretical Analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : George M. IBRAHIM, Auteur ; Benjamin R. MORGAN, Auteur ; Vanessa M. VOGAN, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3770-3777 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD Graph theory Network analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit social-communicative impairments. Less is known about the neuropsychological profile of ASD, although cognitive and neuropsychological deficits are evident. We modelled neuropsychological function in 20 children with ASD and 20 sex, age and IQ matched typically-developing controls (ages 7–14) as a network of interacting parameters. Graph theoretical analysis was applied to identify critical topographic regions within this network. Two areas were significantly stronger hubs in typically-developing children, the ability to shift attention (p?0.001) and overall executive function (p?0.001). Planning/organization was a stronger hub in the cognitive networks of children with ASD (p?=?0.001). We show that ASD is not only characterized by impairments in various neurocognitive domains, but also alterations in their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2929-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3770-3777[article] Mapping the Network of Neuropsychological Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Graph Theoretical Analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / George M. IBRAHIM, Auteur ; Benjamin R. MORGAN, Auteur ; Vanessa M. VOGAN, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur . - p.3770-3777.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3770-3777
Mots-clés : ASD Graph theory Network analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit social-communicative impairments. Less is known about the neuropsychological profile of ASD, although cognitive and neuropsychological deficits are evident. We modelled neuropsychological function in 20 children with ASD and 20 sex, age and IQ matched typically-developing controls (ages 7–14) as a network of interacting parameters. Graph theoretical analysis was applied to identify critical topographic regions within this network. Two areas were significantly stronger hubs in typically-developing children, the ability to shift attention (p?0.001) and overall executive function (p?0.001). Planning/organization was a stronger hub in the cognitive networks of children with ASD (p?=?0.001). We show that ASD is not only characterized by impairments in various neurocognitive domains, but also alterations in their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2929-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297 Correlates and predictors of the severity of suicidal ideation in adolescence: an examination of brain connectomics and psychosocial characteristics / Jaclyn S. KIRSHENBAUM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-6 (June 2022)
[article]
Titre : Correlates and predictors of the severity of suicidal ideation in adolescence: an examination of brain connectomics and psychosocial characteristics Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jaclyn S. KIRSHENBAUM, Auteur ; Rajpreet CHAHAL, Auteur ; Tiffany C. HO, Auteur ; Lucy S. KING, Auteur ; Anthony J. GIFUNI, Auteur ; Dana MASTROVITO, Auteur ; Saché M. COURY, Auteur ; Rachel L. WEISENBURGER, Auteur ; Ian H. GOTLIB, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.701-714 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Suicidal ideation adolescence graph theory internalizing and externalizing symptoms resting-state fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation (SI) typically emerges during adolescence but is challenging to predict. Given the potentially lethal consequences of SI, it is important to identify neurobiological and psychosocial variables explaining the severity of SI in adolescents. METHODS: In 106 participants (59 female) recruited from the community, we assessed psychosocial characteristics and obtained resting-state fMRI data in early adolescence (baseline: aged 9-13?years). Across 250 brain regions, we assessed local graph theory-based properties of interconnectedness: local efficiency, eigenvector centrality, nodal degree, within-module z-score, and participation coefficient. Four years later (follow-up: ages 13-19?years), participants self-reported their SI severity. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regressions to identify a linear combination of psychosocial and brain-based variables that best explain the severity of SI symptoms at follow-up. Nested-cross-validation yielded model performance statistics for all LASSO models. RESULTS: A combination of psychosocial and brain-based variables explained subsequent severity of SI (R(2?) =?.55); the strongest was internalizing and externalizing symptom severity at follow-up. Follow-up LASSO regressions of psychosocial-only and brain-based-only variables indicated that psychosocial-only variables explained 55% of the variance in SI severity; in contrast, brain-based-only variables performed worse than the null model. CONCLUSIONS: A linear combination of baseline and follow-up psychosocial variables best explained the severity of SI. Follow-up analyses indicated that graph theory resting-state metrics did not increase the prediction of the severity of SI in adolescents. Attending to internalizing and externalizing symptoms is important in early adolescence; resting-state connectivity properties other than local graph theory metrics might yield a stronger prediction of the severity of SI. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-6 (June 2022) . - p.701-714[article] Correlates and predictors of the severity of suicidal ideation in adolescence: an examination of brain connectomics and psychosocial characteristics [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jaclyn S. KIRSHENBAUM, Auteur ; Rajpreet CHAHAL, Auteur ; Tiffany C. HO, Auteur ; Lucy S. KING, Auteur ; Anthony J. GIFUNI, Auteur ; Dana MASTROVITO, Auteur ; Saché M. COURY, Auteur ; Rachel L. WEISENBURGER, Auteur ; Ian H. GOTLIB, Auteur . - p.701-714.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-6 (June 2022) . - p.701-714
Mots-clés : Suicidal ideation adolescence graph theory internalizing and externalizing symptoms resting-state fMRI Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation (SI) typically emerges during adolescence but is challenging to predict. Given the potentially lethal consequences of SI, it is important to identify neurobiological and psychosocial variables explaining the severity of SI in adolescents. METHODS: In 106 participants (59 female) recruited from the community, we assessed psychosocial characteristics and obtained resting-state fMRI data in early adolescence (baseline: aged 9-13?years). Across 250 brain regions, we assessed local graph theory-based properties of interconnectedness: local efficiency, eigenvector centrality, nodal degree, within-module z-score, and participation coefficient. Four years later (follow-up: ages 13-19?years), participants self-reported their SI severity. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regressions to identify a linear combination of psychosocial and brain-based variables that best explain the severity of SI symptoms at follow-up. Nested-cross-validation yielded model performance statistics for all LASSO models. RESULTS: A combination of psychosocial and brain-based variables explained subsequent severity of SI (R(2?) =?.55); the strongest was internalizing and externalizing symptom severity at follow-up. Follow-up LASSO regressions of psychosocial-only and brain-based-only variables indicated that psychosocial-only variables explained 55% of the variance in SI severity; in contrast, brain-based-only variables performed worse than the null model. CONCLUSIONS: A linear combination of baseline and follow-up psychosocial variables best explained the severity of SI. Follow-up analyses indicated that graph theory resting-state metrics did not increase the prediction of the severity of SI in adolescents. Attending to internalizing and externalizing symptoms is important in early adolescence; resting-state connectivity properties other than local graph theory metrics might yield a stronger prediction of the severity of SI. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13512 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=475 Overconnectivity of the right Heschl's and inferior temporal gyrus correlates with symptom severity in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder / D. KIM in Autism Research, 14-11 (November 2021)
[article]
Titre : Overconnectivity of the right Heschl's and inferior temporal gyrus correlates with symptom severity in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : D. KIM, Auteur ; J. Y. LEE, Auteur ; B. C. JEONG, Auteur ; J. H. AHN, Auteur ; J. I. KIM, Auteur ; E. S. LEE, Auteur ; H. KIM, Auteur ; H. J. LEE, Auteur ; C. E. HAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2314-2329 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Brain Mapping Child Child, Preschool Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging Temporal Lobe/diagnostic imaging Heschl's gyrus autism spectrum disorder brain networks diffusion tensor imaging graph theory overconnectivity preschool children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have reported varying findings regarding the association of brain connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with overconnectivity, underconnectivity, or both. Despite the emerging understanding that ASD is a developmental disconnection syndrome, very little is known about structural brain networks in preschool-aged children with low-functioning ASD. We aimed to investigate the structural brain connectivity of low-functioning ASD using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory to examine alterations in different brain network topologies and identify any correlations with the clinical severity of ASD in preschool-aged children. Fifty-two preschool-aged children (28 with ASD and 24 with typical development) were included in the analysis. Graph-based network analysis was performed to examine the global and local structural brain networks. Nodal network measures exhibited increased nodal strength in the right Heschl's gyrus, which was positively associated with all autistic clinical symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Childhood Autism Rating Scale [CARS]). The nodal strength of the right inferior temporal gyrus showed a moderate correlation with the CARS score. Using network-based statistics, we identified a subnetwork with increased connections encompassing the right Heschl's gyrus and the right inferior temporal gyrus in preschool-aged children with ASD. The asymmetric value in the inferior temporal gyrus exhibited right dominance of nodal strength in children with ASD compared to that in typically developing children. Our findings support the theory of aberrant brain growth and overconnectivity as the underlying mechanism of ASD and provides new insights into potential regional biomarkers that can detect low-functioning ASD in preschool-aged children. LAY SUMMARY: This study supports the theory of aberrant brain growth and overconnectivity as an explanation for ASD. Measuring the right HG and inferior temporal gyrus provides new insights of potential regional biomarkers underpinning ASD in preschool-aged children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2609 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2314-2329[article] Overconnectivity of the right Heschl's and inferior temporal gyrus correlates with symptom severity in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / D. KIM, Auteur ; J. Y. LEE, Auteur ; B. C. JEONG, Auteur ; J. H. AHN, Auteur ; J. I. KIM, Auteur ; E. S. LEE, Auteur ; H. KIM, Auteur ; H. J. LEE, Auteur ; C. E. HAN, Auteur . - p.2314-2329.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2314-2329
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Brain Mapping Child Child, Preschool Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging Temporal Lobe/diagnostic imaging Heschl's gyrus autism spectrum disorder brain networks diffusion tensor imaging graph theory overconnectivity preschool children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous studies have reported varying findings regarding the association of brain connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with overconnectivity, underconnectivity, or both. Despite the emerging understanding that ASD is a developmental disconnection syndrome, very little is known about structural brain networks in preschool-aged children with low-functioning ASD. We aimed to investigate the structural brain connectivity of low-functioning ASD using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory to examine alterations in different brain network topologies and identify any correlations with the clinical severity of ASD in preschool-aged children. Fifty-two preschool-aged children (28 with ASD and 24 with typical development) were included in the analysis. Graph-based network analysis was performed to examine the global and local structural brain networks. Nodal network measures exhibited increased nodal strength in the right Heschl's gyrus, which was positively associated with all autistic clinical symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Childhood Autism Rating Scale [CARS]). The nodal strength of the right inferior temporal gyrus showed a moderate correlation with the CARS score. Using network-based statistics, we identified a subnetwork with increased connections encompassing the right Heschl's gyrus and the right inferior temporal gyrus in preschool-aged children with ASD. The asymmetric value in the inferior temporal gyrus exhibited right dominance of nodal strength in children with ASD compared to that in typically developing children. Our findings support the theory of aberrant brain growth and overconnectivity as the underlying mechanism of ASD and provides new insights into potential regional biomarkers that can detect low-functioning ASD in preschool-aged children. LAY SUMMARY: This study supports the theory of aberrant brain growth and overconnectivity as an explanation for ASD. Measuring the right HG and inferior temporal gyrus provides new insights of potential regional biomarkers underpinning ASD in preschool-aged children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2609 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features / T. WENHART in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
[article]
Titre : Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. WENHART, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; E. ALTENMULLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : 20 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Absolute pitch Autistic traits Brain networks Electroencephalography Graph theory Musicians Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent studies indicate increased autistic traits in musicians with absolute pitch and a higher proportion of absolute pitch in people with autism. Theoretical accounts connect both of these with shared neural principles of local hyper- and global hypoconnectivity, enhanced perceptual functioning, and a detail-focused cognitive style. This is the first study to investigate absolute pitch proficiency, autistic traits, and brain correlates in the same study. Sample and methods: Graph theoretical analysis was conducted on resting-state (eyes closed and eyes open) EEG connectivity (wPLI, weighted phase lag index) matrices obtained from 31 absolute pitch (AP) and 33 relative pitch (RP) professional musicians. Small-worldness, global clustering coefficient, and average path length were related to autistic traits, passive (tone identification) and active (pitch adjustment) absolute pitch proficiency, and onset of musical training using Welch two-sample tests, correlations, and general linear models. Results: Analyses revealed increased path length (delta 2-4 Hz), reduced clustering (beta 13-18 Hz), reduced small-worldness (gamma 30-60 Hz), and increased autistic traits for AP compared to RP. Only clustering values (beta 13-18 Hz) were predicted by both AP proficiency and autistic traits. Post hoc single connection permutation tests among raw wPLI matrices in the beta band (13-18 Hz) revealed widely reduced interhemispheric connectivity between bilateral auditory-related electrode positions along with higher connectivity between F7-F8 and F8-P9 for AP. Pitch-naming ability and pitch adjustment ability were predicted by path length, clustering, autistic traits, and onset of musical training (for pitch adjustment) explaining 44% and 38% of variance, respectively. Conclusions: Results show both shared and distinct neural features between AP and autistic traits. Differences in the beta range were associated with higher autistic traits in the same population. In general, AP musicians exhibit a widely underconnected brain with reduced functional integration and reduced small-world property during resting state. This might be partly related to autism-specific brain connectivity, while differences in path length and small-worldness reflect other ability-specific influences. This is further evidenced for different pathways in the acquisition and development of absolute pitch, likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0272-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 20 p.[article] Autistic traits, resting-state connectivity, and absolute pitch in professional musicians: shared and distinct neural features [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. WENHART, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; E. ALTENMULLER, Auteur . - 20 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 20 p.
Mots-clés : Absolute pitch Autistic traits Brain networks Electroencephalography Graph theory Musicians Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recent studies indicate increased autistic traits in musicians with absolute pitch and a higher proportion of absolute pitch in people with autism. Theoretical accounts connect both of these with shared neural principles of local hyper- and global hypoconnectivity, enhanced perceptual functioning, and a detail-focused cognitive style. This is the first study to investigate absolute pitch proficiency, autistic traits, and brain correlates in the same study. Sample and methods: Graph theoretical analysis was conducted on resting-state (eyes closed and eyes open) EEG connectivity (wPLI, weighted phase lag index) matrices obtained from 31 absolute pitch (AP) and 33 relative pitch (RP) professional musicians. Small-worldness, global clustering coefficient, and average path length were related to autistic traits, passive (tone identification) and active (pitch adjustment) absolute pitch proficiency, and onset of musical training using Welch two-sample tests, correlations, and general linear models. Results: Analyses revealed increased path length (delta 2-4 Hz), reduced clustering (beta 13-18 Hz), reduced small-worldness (gamma 30-60 Hz), and increased autistic traits for AP compared to RP. Only clustering values (beta 13-18 Hz) were predicted by both AP proficiency and autistic traits. Post hoc single connection permutation tests among raw wPLI matrices in the beta band (13-18 Hz) revealed widely reduced interhemispheric connectivity between bilateral auditory-related electrode positions along with higher connectivity between F7-F8 and F8-P9 for AP. Pitch-naming ability and pitch adjustment ability were predicted by path length, clustering, autistic traits, and onset of musical training (for pitch adjustment) explaining 44% and 38% of variance, respectively. Conclusions: Results show both shared and distinct neural features between AP and autistic traits. Differences in the beta range were associated with higher autistic traits in the same population. In general, AP musicians exhibit a widely underconnected brain with reduced functional integration and reduced small-world property during resting state. This might be partly related to autism-specific brain connectivity, while differences in path length and small-worldness reflect other ability-specific influences. This is further evidenced for different pathways in the acquisition and development of absolute pitch, likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0272-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=398 Age-variant and age-invariant features of functional brain organization in middle-aged and older autistic adults / Joe BATHELT in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
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