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Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Hirokazu DOI in Autism Research, 15-6 (June 2022)
[article]
Titre : Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hirokazu DOI, Auteur ; Chieko KANAI, Auteur ; Haruhisa OHTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1130-1141 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Cognition Female Humans Male Sex Characteristics Wechsler Scales Adhd Asd Wais cognitive profile sex difference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of studies have shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share symptoms and aetiologies. However, transdiagnostic comparisons between ASD and ADHD is complicated due to the sex differences within each condition. To clarify the similarities and differences in the cognitive functioning between ASD and ADHD, while considering potential sex differences, this study compared cognitive profiles assessed by the WAIS-III between the four groups created by orthogonally combining diagnosis and sex based on the data from 277 ASD males, 86 ASD females, 99 ADHD males and 64 ADHD females. The analysis revealed three major findings. First, performance IQ and perceptual organization index were higher in ADHD males than in ASD males and ADHD females. Second, Gaussian mixture model fitting revealed two clusters underlying the distribution of subindex scores. The percentage of being classified into the cluster that scored lower in all the subindices was higher in females than in males irrespective of diagnosis. Third, feature importance for classification of ASD and ADHD yielded by random forest classifier, a supervised machine learning algorithm, revealed that autism quotient was most informative feature in classifying ASD and ADHD in males, while the discrepancy between verbal and performance intelligence quotient was in females, indicating that the set of behavioral features contributing to classification differs between males and females. Thus, these findings indicate that sex as well as diagnosis is critical in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. LAY SUMMARY: The present study compared profiles of cognitive functions measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale between males and females with ASD and ADHD. The analyses revealed clear sex differences in cognitive functions in both ASD and ADHD and that the set of cognitive functions useful in classifying ASD and ADHD differed between males and females. Thus, biological sex seems to be a critical factor in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2712 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1130-1141[article] Transdiagnostic and sex differences in cognitive profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hirokazu DOI, Auteur ; Chieko KANAI, Auteur ; Haruhisa OHTA, Auteur . - p.1130-1141.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1130-1141
Mots-clés : Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology Cognition Female Humans Male Sex Characteristics Wechsler Scales Adhd Asd Wais cognitive profile sex difference Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : An increasing number of studies have shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share symptoms and aetiologies. However, transdiagnostic comparisons between ASD and ADHD is complicated due to the sex differences within each condition. To clarify the similarities and differences in the cognitive functioning between ASD and ADHD, while considering potential sex differences, this study compared cognitive profiles assessed by the WAIS-III between the four groups created by orthogonally combining diagnosis and sex based on the data from 277 ASD males, 86 ASD females, 99 ADHD males and 64 ADHD females. The analysis revealed three major findings. First, performance IQ and perceptual organization index were higher in ADHD males than in ASD males and ADHD females. Second, Gaussian mixture model fitting revealed two clusters underlying the distribution of subindex scores. The percentage of being classified into the cluster that scored lower in all the subindices was higher in females than in males irrespective of diagnosis. Third, feature importance for classification of ASD and ADHD yielded by random forest classifier, a supervised machine learning algorithm, revealed that autism quotient was most informative feature in classifying ASD and ADHD in males, while the discrepancy between verbal and performance intelligence quotient was in females, indicating that the set of behavioral features contributing to classification differs between males and females. Thus, these findings indicate that sex as well as diagnosis is critical in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. LAY SUMMARY: The present study compared profiles of cognitive functions measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale between males and females with ASD and ADHD. The analyses revealed clear sex differences in cognitive functions in both ASD and ADHD and that the set of cognitive functions useful in classifying ASD and ADHD differed between males and females. Thus, biological sex seems to be a critical factor in determining the cognitive profiles of people with ASD and ADHD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2712 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 Decreased interoceptive accuracy in children with autism spectrum disorder and with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Han-Xue YANG in Autism Research, 15-4 (April 2022)
[article]
Titre : Decreased interoceptive accuracy in children with autism spectrum disorder and with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Han-Xue YANG, Auteur ; Han-Yu ZHOU, Auteur ; Ying LI, Auteur ; Yong-Hua CUI, Auteur ; Yang XIANG, Auteur ; Rong-Man YUAN, Auteur ; Simon S. Y. LUI, Auteur ; Raymond C. K. CHAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.729-739 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autistic Disorder Child Comorbidity Humans Interoception autism spectrum disorders autistic traits eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interoception refers to the awareness of internal physiological state. Several previous studies reported that people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have diverse patterns of interoception, but the extent of literature is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the interoceptive accuracy (IA) in children with ASD, children with comorbid ASD and ADHD, and typically developing (TD) children with high and low levels of autistic traits. We administered the eye-tracking interoceptive accuracy task (EIAT) to 30 children with ASD, 20 children with comorbid ASD and ADHD, and 63 TD controls with high and low levels of autistic traits. Parent-report scales concerning ASD and ADHD symptoms were collected. ASD children with and without comorbid ADHD both exhibited lower IA than TD children. Reduced IA was also found in TD children with high-autistic traits relative to those with low-autistic traits. IA was negatively correlated with autistic and ADHD symptoms. Atypical cardiac interoception could be found in children with ASD. Difficulties in sensing and comprehending internal bodily signals in childhood may be related to both ASD and ADHD symptoms. LAY SUMMARY: The present study examined interoceptive accuracy (IA) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), children with comorbid ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developing (TD) children with high and low levels of autistic traits. ASD children with and without comorbid ADHD both exhibited lower IA than TD children. TD children with high-autistic traits exhibited decreased IA compared to those with low-autistic traits. These results have implications for understanding sensory atypicality found in ASD and ADHD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2679 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473
in Autism Research > 15-4 (April 2022) . - p.729-739[article] Decreased interoceptive accuracy in children with autism spectrum disorder and with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Han-Xue YANG, Auteur ; Han-Yu ZHOU, Auteur ; Ying LI, Auteur ; Yong-Hua CUI, Auteur ; Yang XIANG, Auteur ; Rong-Man YUAN, Auteur ; Simon S. Y. LUI, Auteur ; Raymond C. K. CHAN, Auteur . - p.729-739.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-4 (April 2022) . - p.729-739
Mots-clés : Adult Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology Autistic Disorder Child Comorbidity Humans Interoception autism spectrum disorders autistic traits eye-tracking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Interoception refers to the awareness of internal physiological state. Several previous studies reported that people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have diverse patterns of interoception, but the extent of literature is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the interoceptive accuracy (IA) in children with ASD, children with comorbid ASD and ADHD, and typically developing (TD) children with high and low levels of autistic traits. We administered the eye-tracking interoceptive accuracy task (EIAT) to 30 children with ASD, 20 children with comorbid ASD and ADHD, and 63 TD controls with high and low levels of autistic traits. Parent-report scales concerning ASD and ADHD symptoms were collected. ASD children with and without comorbid ADHD both exhibited lower IA than TD children. Reduced IA was also found in TD children with high-autistic traits relative to those with low-autistic traits. IA was negatively correlated with autistic and ADHD symptoms. Atypical cardiac interoception could be found in children with ASD. Difficulties in sensing and comprehending internal bodily signals in childhood may be related to both ASD and ADHD symptoms. LAY SUMMARY: The present study examined interoceptive accuracy (IA) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), children with comorbid ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developing (TD) children with high and low levels of autistic traits. ASD children with and without comorbid ADHD both exhibited lower IA than TD children. TD children with high-autistic traits exhibited decreased IA compared to those with low-autistic traits. These results have implications for understanding sensory atypicality found in ASD and ADHD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2679 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473