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Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder / G. E. REIMANN in Autism Research, 14-8 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. E. REIMANN, Auteur ; C. WALSH, Auteur ; K. D. CSUMITTA, Auteur ; P. MCCLURE, Auteur ; F. PEREIRA, Auteur ; A. MARTIN, Auteur ; M. RAMOT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1670-1683 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Face Fixation, Ocular Humans Motion Pictures Phenotype Young Adult machine learning social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye tracking provides insights into social processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in conjunction with dynamic, naturalistic free-viewing stimuli. However, the question remains whether gaze characteristics, such as preference for specific facial features, can be considered a stable individual trait, particularly in those with ASD. If so, how much data are needed for consistent estimations? To address these questions, we assessed the stability and robustness of gaze preference for facial features as incremental amounts of movie data were introduced for analysis. We trained an artificial neural network to create an object-based segmentation of naturalistic movie clips (14?s each, 7410 frames total). Thirty-three high-functioning individuals with ASD and 36 age- and IQ-equated typically developing individuals (age range: 12-30?years) viewed 22 Hollywood movie clips, each depicting a social interaction. As we evaluated combinations of one, three, five, eight, and 11 movie clips, gaze dwell times on core facial features became increasingly stable at within-subject, within-group, and between-group levels. Using a number of movie clips deemed sufficient by our analysis, we found that individuals with ASD displayed significantly less face-centered gaze (centralized on the nose; p?0.001) but did not significantly differ from typically developing participants in eye or mouth looking times. Our findings validate gaze preference for specific facial features as a stable individual trait and highlight the possibility of misinterpretation with insufficient data. Additionally, we propose the use of a machine learning approach to stimuli segmentation to quickly and flexibly prepare dynamic stimuli for analysis. LAY SUMMARY: Using a data-driven approach to segmenting movie stimuli, we examined varying amounts of data to assess the stability of social gaze in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found a reduction in social fixations in participants with ASD, driven by decreased attention to the center of the face. Our findings further support the validity of gaze preference for face features as a stable individual trait when sufficient data are used. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1670-1683[article] Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. E. REIMANN, Auteur ; C. WALSH, Auteur ; K. D. CSUMITTA, Auteur ; P. MCCLURE, Auteur ; F. PEREIRA, Auteur ; A. MARTIN, Auteur ; M. RAMOT, Auteur . - p.1670-1683.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1670-1683
Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Face Fixation, Ocular Humans Motion Pictures Phenotype Young Adult machine learning social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye tracking provides insights into social processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in conjunction with dynamic, naturalistic free-viewing stimuli. However, the question remains whether gaze characteristics, such as preference for specific facial features, can be considered a stable individual trait, particularly in those with ASD. If so, how much data are needed for consistent estimations? To address these questions, we assessed the stability and robustness of gaze preference for facial features as incremental amounts of movie data were introduced for analysis. We trained an artificial neural network to create an object-based segmentation of naturalistic movie clips (14?s each, 7410 frames total). Thirty-three high-functioning individuals with ASD and 36 age- and IQ-equated typically developing individuals (age range: 12-30?years) viewed 22 Hollywood movie clips, each depicting a social interaction. As we evaluated combinations of one, three, five, eight, and 11 movie clips, gaze dwell times on core facial features became increasingly stable at within-subject, within-group, and between-group levels. Using a number of movie clips deemed sufficient by our analysis, we found that individuals with ASD displayed significantly less face-centered gaze (centralized on the nose; p?0.001) but did not significantly differ from typically developing participants in eye or mouth looking times. Our findings validate gaze preference for specific facial features as a stable individual trait and highlight the possibility of misinterpretation with insufficient data. Additionally, we propose the use of a machine learning approach to stimuli segmentation to quickly and flexibly prepare dynamic stimuli for analysis. LAY SUMMARY: Using a data-driven approach to segmenting movie stimuli, we examined varying amounts of data to assess the stability of social gaze in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found a reduction in social fixations in participants with ASD, driven by decreased attention to the center of the face. Our findings further support the validity of gaze preference for face features as a stable individual trait when sufficient data are used. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2540 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 Social orienting and initiated joint attention behaviors in 9 to 12 month old children with autism spectrum disorder: A family home movies study / Ruben PALOMO in Autism Research, 15-6 (June 2022)
[article]
Titre : Social orienting and initiated joint attention behaviors in 9 to 12 month old children with autism spectrum disorder: A family home movies study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ruben PALOMO, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Mercedes BELINCHÓN CARMONA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1109-1119 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder Child Humans Infant Motion Pictures Retrospective Studies Social Behavior autism family home movies initiating joint attention joint attention social motivation social orienting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the Social Motivation model children with autism show deficits in social orienting (looking at faces and responding to name) at the end of their first year of life. In this model, those deficits are both the earliest behavioral consequences of an alteration in the dopamine reward system balance and the foundation of the social impairments that characterize this neurodevelopmental disorder. The current study tests two of the main predictions of this model: that social orienting deficits are the first behavioral manifestation of autism, and that they are developmentally related to joint attention deficits. We retrospectively analyzed family home movies of 9- to 12-month-old infants, 29 of whom were later diagnosed with autism and 16 of whom were typically developing. After confirming that the videotapes of both groups were similar in content of the scenes recorded (contexts, type of social activity, etc.), we compared their social orienting (social gaze and responding to name) and joint attention behaviors (gaze alternation and gestures). No significant differences between groups were found in looking at faces, but the group with autism showed deficits in responding to name and initiations of joint attention (IJA). Looking at people was not significantly correlated with IJA behaviors, but response to name was. The lack of group differences in looking at faces between 9 and 12?months, and the existence of IJA difficulties in the ASD group without concurrent impairment in looking at faces, do not support predictions of the Social Motivation model. LAY SUMMARY: Various theories have been proposed to explain the emergence of autism symptoms early in life. This study tested two key predictions of the Social Motivation model. Comparing family movies of children 9- to 12-months-old later diagnosed with autism or with typical development, we did not observe difficulties in looking at other people's faces but children with autism responded to name and used gaze and gestures to direct the adult's attention to events of interest less frequently. This absence of difficulties in looking at faces does not fit with what the Social Motivation model of autism predicts and therefore we must develop alternative explanations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2695 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1109-1119[article] Social orienting and initiated joint attention behaviors in 9 to 12 month old children with autism spectrum disorder: A family home movies study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ruben PALOMO, Auteur ; Sally OZONOFF, Auteur ; Gregory S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Mercedes BELINCHÓN CARMONA, Auteur . - p.1109-1119.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1109-1119
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder Child Humans Infant Motion Pictures Retrospective Studies Social Behavior autism family home movies initiating joint attention joint attention social motivation social orienting Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the Social Motivation model children with autism show deficits in social orienting (looking at faces and responding to name) at the end of their first year of life. In this model, those deficits are both the earliest behavioral consequences of an alteration in the dopamine reward system balance and the foundation of the social impairments that characterize this neurodevelopmental disorder. The current study tests two of the main predictions of this model: that social orienting deficits are the first behavioral manifestation of autism, and that they are developmentally related to joint attention deficits. We retrospectively analyzed family home movies of 9- to 12-month-old infants, 29 of whom were later diagnosed with autism and 16 of whom were typically developing. After confirming that the videotapes of both groups were similar in content of the scenes recorded (contexts, type of social activity, etc.), we compared their social orienting (social gaze and responding to name) and joint attention behaviors (gaze alternation and gestures). No significant differences between groups were found in looking at faces, but the group with autism showed deficits in responding to name and initiations of joint attention (IJA). Looking at people was not significantly correlated with IJA behaviors, but response to name was. The lack of group differences in looking at faces between 9 and 12?months, and the existence of IJA difficulties in the ASD group without concurrent impairment in looking at faces, do not support predictions of the Social Motivation model. LAY SUMMARY: Various theories have been proposed to explain the emergence of autism symptoms early in life. This study tested two key predictions of the Social Motivation model. Comparing family movies of children 9- to 12-months-old later diagnosed with autism or with typical development, we did not observe difficulties in looking at other people's faces but children with autism responded to name and used gaze and gestures to direct the adult's attention to events of interest less frequently. This absence of difficulties in looking at faces does not fit with what the Social Motivation model of autism predicts and therefore we must develop alternative explanations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2695 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476