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Navigation and exploration of an urban virtual environment by children with autism spectrum disorder compared to children with typical development / Livia FORNASARI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-8 (August 2013)
[article]
Titre : Navigation and exploration of an urban virtual environment by children with autism spectrum disorder compared to children with typical development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Livia FORNASARI, Auteur ; Luca CHITTARO, Auteur ; Lucio IERONUTTI, Auteur ; Lucio COTTINI, Auteur ; Sebastiano DASSI, Auteur ; Silvana CREMASCHI, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Franco FABBRO, Auteur ; Paolo BRAMBILLA, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.956-965 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Virtual reality Navigation Exploration Disability CBCL Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe disorder therefore the importance to implement targeted interventions in order to improve daily life of children with ASD. For this purpose, virtual environments (VEs), i.e., simulations of the real world based on 3D computer graphics, can offer a safe learning environment for them. This study analyzed navigation and exploration of an urban VE by children with ASD in comparison to children with a typical development. Sixteen children with ASD and 16 matched control ones were involved. After an initial training phase, children carried out two tasks: the first one was navigating in an unfamiliar urban environment which they could freely explore; the second one was navigating in the same environment but with the goal of finding specific target objects, as in a treasure hunt. In the first task, children with ASD spent significantly less time in active exploration and explored fewer zones than controls. No differences were found between the two groups in the second task. Our data indicate that, when freely exploring an unfamiliar VE, children with ASD explore less the environment compared to the control ones. By repeating the exploration with a game-like goal, no differences were found instead. Neuropsychological and motivational aspects should be considered in order to explain these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.04.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-8 (August 2013) . - p.956-965[article] Navigation and exploration of an urban virtual environment by children with autism spectrum disorder compared to children with typical development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Livia FORNASARI, Auteur ; Luca CHITTARO, Auteur ; Lucio IERONUTTI, Auteur ; Lucio COTTINI, Auteur ; Sebastiano DASSI, Auteur ; Silvana CREMASCHI, Auteur ; Massimo MOLTENI, Auteur ; Franco FABBRO, Auteur ; Paolo BRAMBILLA, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.956-965.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-8 (August 2013) . - p.956-965
Mots-clés : Virtual reality Navigation Exploration Disability CBCL Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe disorder therefore the importance to implement targeted interventions in order to improve daily life of children with ASD. For this purpose, virtual environments (VEs), i.e., simulations of the real world based on 3D computer graphics, can offer a safe learning environment for them. This study analyzed navigation and exploration of an urban VE by children with ASD in comparison to children with a typical development. Sixteen children with ASD and 16 matched control ones were involved. After an initial training phase, children carried out two tasks: the first one was navigating in an unfamiliar urban environment which they could freely explore; the second one was navigating in the same environment but with the goal of finding specific target objects, as in a treasure hunt. In the first task, children with ASD spent significantly less time in active exploration and explored fewer zones than controls. No differences were found between the two groups in the second task. Our data indicate that, when freely exploring an unfamiliar VE, children with ASD explore less the environment compared to the control ones. By repeating the exploration with a game-like goal, no differences were found instead. Neuropsychological and motivational aspects should be considered in order to explain these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.04.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=202 Mental imagery scanning in autism spectrum disorder / Katie L. MARAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8-10 (October 2014)
[article]
Titre : Mental imagery scanning in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Marina C. WIMMER, Auteur ; Elizabeth J. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1416-1423 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Mental imagery Scanning Navigation Visuo-spatial processing Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Navigational impairments have previously been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined the ability of individuals with ASD to generate and scan their mental image of a previously viewed map. Twenty-one ASD adults and 20 age- and IQ-matched comparison adults memorised a map of a fictitious island containing a number of landmarks. They then mentally imagined the map and were timed as they imagined a character walking between the various landmarks. Consistent with previous mental imagery research with typical individuals, there was a linear relationship between the time that participants took to mentally scan between the landmarks and the actual distance between the landmarks on the picture, and this was the case for both typical and ASD participants. ASD and comparison participants’ mental image scanning times were both also influenced by misleading signposts in the picture that indicated different distances between landmarks, thus providing evidence that their mental images were penetrable by top-down information. Although ASD and comparison participants showed very similar mental imagery scanning performance, verbal IQ and working memory were significantly and positively associated with image scanning performance for the ASD, but not the comparison group. This finding furthers the notion of a compensatory reliance on different strategies in ASD to achieve similar surface performance to individuals from the general population. Findings have practical implications for supporting navigation strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=239
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-10 (October 2014) . - p.1416-1423[article] Mental imagery scanning in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie L. MARAS, Auteur ; Marina C. WIMMER, Auteur ; Elizabeth J. ROBINSON, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur . - p.1416-1423.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 8-10 (October 2014) . - p.1416-1423
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Mental imagery Scanning Navigation Visuo-spatial processing Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Navigational impairments have previously been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined the ability of individuals with ASD to generate and scan their mental image of a previously viewed map. Twenty-one ASD adults and 20 age- and IQ-matched comparison adults memorised a map of a fictitious island containing a number of landmarks. They then mentally imagined the map and were timed as they imagined a character walking between the various landmarks. Consistent with previous mental imagery research with typical individuals, there was a linear relationship between the time that participants took to mentally scan between the landmarks and the actual distance between the landmarks on the picture, and this was the case for both typical and ASD participants. ASD and comparison participants’ mental image scanning times were both also influenced by misleading signposts in the picture that indicated different distances between landmarks, thus providing evidence that their mental images were penetrable by top-down information. Although ASD and comparison participants showed very similar mental imagery scanning performance, verbal IQ and working memory were significantly and positively associated with image scanning performance for the ASD, but not the comparison group. This finding furthers the notion of a compensatory reliance on different strategies in ASD to achieve similar surface performance to individuals from the general population. Findings have practical implications for supporting navigation strategies in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=239 Route knowledge and configural knowledge in typical and atypical development: a comparison of sparse and rich environments / E. K. FARRAN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : Route knowledge and configural knowledge in typical and atypical development: a comparison of sparse and rich environments Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. K. FARRAN, Auteur ; H. R. PURSER, Auteur ; Y. COURBOIS, Auteur ; M. BALLE, Auteur ; P. SOCKEEL, Auteur ; D. MELLIER, Auteur ; Mark BLADES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.37 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Development Down syndrome Navigation Spatial cognition Williams syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have poor navigation skills, which impact their potential to become independent. Two aspects of navigation were investigated in these groups, using virtual environments (VE): route knowledge (the ability to learn the way from A to B by following a fixed sequence of turns) and configural knowledge (knowledge of the spatial relationships between places within an environment). METHODS: Typically developing (TD) children aged 5 to 11 years (N = 93), individuals with DS (N = 29) and individuals with WS (N = 20) were presented with a sparse and a rich VE grid maze. Within each maze, participants were asked to learn a route from A to B and a route from A to C before being asked to find a novel shortcut from B to C. RESULTS: Performance was broadly similar across sparse and rich mazes. The majority of participants were able to learn novel routes, with poorest performance in the DS group, but the ability to find a shortcut, our measure of configural knowledge, was limited for all three groups. That is, 59 % TD participants successfully found a shortcut, compared to 10 % participants with DS and 35 % participants with WS. Differences in the underlying mechanisms associated with route knowledge and configural knowledge and in the developmental trajectories of performance across groups were observed. Only the TD participants walked a shorter distance in the last shortcut trial compared to the first, indicative of increased configural knowledge across trials. The DS group often used an alternative strategy to get from B to C, summing the two taught routes together. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate impaired configural knowledge in DS and in WS, with the strongest deficit in DS. This suggests that these groups rely on a rigid route knowledge based method for navigating and as a result are likely to get lost easily. Route knowledge was also impaired in both DS and WS groups and was related to different underlying processes across all three groups. These are discussed with reference to limitations in attention and/or visuo-spatial processing in the atypical groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9133-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=348
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.37[article] Route knowledge and configural knowledge in typical and atypical development: a comparison of sparse and rich environments [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. K. FARRAN, Auteur ; H. R. PURSER, Auteur ; Y. COURBOIS, Auteur ; M. BALLE, Auteur ; P. SOCKEEL, Auteur ; D. MELLIER, Auteur ; Mark BLADES, Auteur . - p.37.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.37
Mots-clés : Development Down syndrome Navigation Spatial cognition Williams syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have poor navigation skills, which impact their potential to become independent. Two aspects of navigation were investigated in these groups, using virtual environments (VE): route knowledge (the ability to learn the way from A to B by following a fixed sequence of turns) and configural knowledge (knowledge of the spatial relationships between places within an environment). METHODS: Typically developing (TD) children aged 5 to 11 years (N = 93), individuals with DS (N = 29) and individuals with WS (N = 20) were presented with a sparse and a rich VE grid maze. Within each maze, participants were asked to learn a route from A to B and a route from A to C before being asked to find a novel shortcut from B to C. RESULTS: Performance was broadly similar across sparse and rich mazes. The majority of participants were able to learn novel routes, with poorest performance in the DS group, but the ability to find a shortcut, our measure of configural knowledge, was limited for all three groups. That is, 59 % TD participants successfully found a shortcut, compared to 10 % participants with DS and 35 % participants with WS. Differences in the underlying mechanisms associated with route knowledge and configural knowledge and in the developmental trajectories of performance across groups were observed. Only the TD participants walked a shorter distance in the last shortcut trial compared to the first, indicative of increased configural knowledge across trials. The DS group often used an alternative strategy to get from B to C, summing the two taught routes together. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate impaired configural knowledge in DS and in WS, with the strongest deficit in DS. This suggests that these groups rely on a rigid route knowledge based method for navigating and as a result are likely to get lost easily. Route knowledge was also impaired in both DS and WS groups and was related to different underlying processes across all three groups. These are discussed with reference to limitations in attention and/or visuo-spatial processing in the atypical groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9133-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=348 Genetic contributions to visuospatial cognition in Williams syndrome: insights from two contrasting partial deletion patients / H. BROADBENT in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)
[article]
Titre : Genetic contributions to visuospatial cognition in Williams syndrome: insights from two contrasting partial deletion patients Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. BROADBENT, Auteur ; E. K. FARRAN, Auteur ; E. CHIN, Auteur ; K. METCALFE, Auteur ; M. TASSABEHJI, Auteur ; P. TURNPENNY, Auteur ; F. SANSBURY, Auteur ; E. MEABURN, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.18 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gtf2i Gtf2ird1 Limk1 Navigation Visuospatial cognition Williams syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder arising from a hemizygotic deletion of approximately 27 genes on chromosome 7, at locus 7q11.23. WS is characterised by an uneven cognitive profile, with serious deficits in visuospatial tasks in comparison to relatively proficient performance in some other cognitive domains such as language and face processing. Individuals with partial genetic deletions within the WS critical region (WSCR) have provided insights into the contribution of specific genes to this complex phenotype. However, the combinatorial effects of different genes remain elusive. METHODS: WE REPORT ON VISUOSPATIAL COGNITION IN TWO INDIVIDUALS WITH CONTRASTING PARTIAL DELETIONS IN THE WSCR: one female (HR), aged 11 years 9 months, with haploinsufficiency for 24 of the WS genes (up to GTF2IRD1), and one male (JB), aged 14 years 2 months, with the three most telomeric genes within the WSCR deleted, or partially deleted. RESULTS: Our in-depth phenotyping of the visuospatial domain from table-top psychometric, and small- and large-scale experimental tasks reveal a profile in HR in line with typically developing controls, albeit with some atypical features. These data are contrasted with patient JB's atypical profile of strengths and weaknesses across the visuospatial domain, as well as with more substantial visuospatial deficits in individuals with the full WS deletion. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to the contribution of specific genes to spatial processing difficulties associated with WS, highlighting the multifaceted nature of spatial cognition and the divergent effects of genetic deletions within the WSCR on different components of visuospatial ability. The importance of general transcription factors at the telomeric end of the WSCR, and their combinatorial effects on the WS visuospatial phenotype are also discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-18 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.18[article] Genetic contributions to visuospatial cognition in Williams syndrome: insights from two contrasting partial deletion patients [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. BROADBENT, Auteur ; E. K. FARRAN, Auteur ; E. CHIN, Auteur ; K. METCALFE, Auteur ; M. TASSABEHJI, Auteur ; P. TURNPENNY, Auteur ; F. SANSBURY, Auteur ; E. MEABURN, Auteur ; Annette KARMILOFF-SMITH, Auteur . - p.18.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.18
Mots-clés : Gtf2i Gtf2ird1 Limk1 Navigation Visuospatial cognition Williams syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder arising from a hemizygotic deletion of approximately 27 genes on chromosome 7, at locus 7q11.23. WS is characterised by an uneven cognitive profile, with serious deficits in visuospatial tasks in comparison to relatively proficient performance in some other cognitive domains such as language and face processing. Individuals with partial genetic deletions within the WS critical region (WSCR) have provided insights into the contribution of specific genes to this complex phenotype. However, the combinatorial effects of different genes remain elusive. METHODS: WE REPORT ON VISUOSPATIAL COGNITION IN TWO INDIVIDUALS WITH CONTRASTING PARTIAL DELETIONS IN THE WSCR: one female (HR), aged 11 years 9 months, with haploinsufficiency for 24 of the WS genes (up to GTF2IRD1), and one male (JB), aged 14 years 2 months, with the three most telomeric genes within the WSCR deleted, or partially deleted. RESULTS: Our in-depth phenotyping of the visuospatial domain from table-top psychometric, and small- and large-scale experimental tasks reveal a profile in HR in line with typically developing controls, albeit with some atypical features. These data are contrasted with patient JB's atypical profile of strengths and weaknesses across the visuospatial domain, as well as with more substantial visuospatial deficits in individuals with the full WS deletion. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings point to the contribution of specific genes to spatial processing difficulties associated with WS, highlighting the multifaceted nature of spatial cognition and the divergent effects of genetic deletions within the WSCR on different components of visuospatial ability. The importance of general transcription factors at the telomeric end of the WSCR, and their combinatorial effects on the WS visuospatial phenotype are also discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-18 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346