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2 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology'
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Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder / Aleya A. MARZUKI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-12 (December 2022)
[article]
Titre : Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aleya A. MARZUKI, Auteur ; Matilde M. VAGHI, Auteur ; Anna CONWAY-MORRIS, Auteur ; Muzaffer KASER, Auteur ; Akeem SULE, Auteur ; Annemieke APERGIS-SCHOUTE, Auteur ; Barbara J. SAHAKIAN, Auteur ; Trevor W. ROBBINS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1591-1601 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Humans Adolescent Child Bayes Theorem Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology Compulsive Behavior Decision Making/physiology Learning Obsessive-compulsive disorder adolescence cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Computational research had determined that adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display heightened action updating in response to noise in the environment and neglect metacognitive information (such as confidence) when making decisions. These features are proposed to underlie patients' compulsions despite the knowledge they are irrational. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether this extends to adolescents with OCD as research in this population is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between action and confidence in adolescents with OCD. METHODS: Twenty-seven adolescents with OCD and 46 controls completed a predictive-inference task, designed to probe how subjects' actions and confidence ratings fluctuate in response to unexpected outcomes. We investigated how subjects update actions in response to prediction errors (indexing mismatches between expectations and outcomes) and used parameters from a Bayesian model to predict how confidence and action evolve over time. Confidence-action association strength was assessed using a regression model. We also investigated the effects of serotonergic medication. RESULTS: Adolescents with OCD showed significantly increased learning rates, particularly following small prediction errors. Results were driven primarily by unmedicated patients. Confidence ratings appeared equivalent between groups, although model-based analysis revealed that patients' confidence was less affected by prediction errors compared to controls. Patients and controls did not differ in the extent to which they updated actions and confidence in tandem. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with OCD showed enhanced action adjustments, especially in the face of small prediction errors, consistent with previous research establishing 'just-right' compulsions, enhanced error-related negativity, and greater decision uncertainty in paediatric-OCD. These tendencies were ameliorated in patients receiving serotonergic medication, emphasising the importance of early intervention in preventing disorder-related cognitive deficits. Confidence ratings were equivalent between young patients and controls, mirroring findings in adult OCD research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-12 (December 2022) . - p.1591-1601[article] Atypical action updating in a dynamic environment associated with adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aleya A. MARZUKI, Auteur ; Matilde M. VAGHI, Auteur ; Anna CONWAY-MORRIS, Auteur ; Muzaffer KASER, Auteur ; Akeem SULE, Auteur ; Annemieke APERGIS-SCHOUTE, Auteur ; Barbara J. SAHAKIAN, Auteur ; Trevor W. ROBBINS, Auteur . - p.1591-1601.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-12 (December 2022) . - p.1591-1601
Mots-clés : Adult Humans Adolescent Child Bayes Theorem Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology Compulsive Behavior Decision Making/physiology Learning Obsessive-compulsive disorder adolescence cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Computational research had determined that adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display heightened action updating in response to noise in the environment and neglect metacognitive information (such as confidence) when making decisions. These features are proposed to underlie patients' compulsions despite the knowledge they are irrational. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether this extends to adolescents with OCD as research in this population is lacking. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between action and confidence in adolescents with OCD. METHODS: Twenty-seven adolescents with OCD and 46 controls completed a predictive-inference task, designed to probe how subjects' actions and confidence ratings fluctuate in response to unexpected outcomes. We investigated how subjects update actions in response to prediction errors (indexing mismatches between expectations and outcomes) and used parameters from a Bayesian model to predict how confidence and action evolve over time. Confidence-action association strength was assessed using a regression model. We also investigated the effects of serotonergic medication. RESULTS: Adolescents with OCD showed significantly increased learning rates, particularly following small prediction errors. Results were driven primarily by unmedicated patients. Confidence ratings appeared equivalent between groups, although model-based analysis revealed that patients' confidence was less affected by prediction errors compared to controls. Patients and controls did not differ in the extent to which they updated actions and confidence in tandem. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with OCD showed enhanced action adjustments, especially in the face of small prediction errors, consistent with previous research establishing 'just-right' compulsions, enhanced error-related negativity, and greater decision uncertainty in paediatric-OCD. These tendencies were ameliorated in patients receiving serotonergic medication, emphasising the importance of early intervention in preventing disorder-related cognitive deficits. Confidence ratings were equivalent between young patients and controls, mirroring findings in adult OCD research. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa / H. WESTWOOD in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)
[article]
Titre : Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. WESTWOOD, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Affective Symptoms/epidemiology Anorexia Nervosa/*complications/*psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/*diagnosis Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Middle Aged Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Self Report Young Adult *Ados-2 *Anorexia nervosa *Autism spectrum disorder *Eating disorder *Female autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite a suggested link between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous studies have used self-report or diagnostic criteria to assess for ASD in AN populations, rather than direct observation of symptom characteristic of ASD. The aim of this study was to use a standardised, clinical assessment of ASD, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (ADOS-2), to investigate the presence of autistic symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of women with AN. METHODS: Sixty women were recruited from inpatient or day-patient specialist eating disorder services. Each participant underwent the ADOS-2 assessment and completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating disorder pathology and other psychiatric symptoms. IQ was also assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen women (23.3%) scored above clinical cutoff for ASD on the ADOS-2. Only eight of these women displayed repetitive or restrictive behaviours, while all 14 had difficulties with social affect. Elevated ASD symptoms were associated with increased alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not specific eating disorder pathology. CONCLUSIONS: ASD symptoms are over-represented in women with severe AN and appear to be associated with other psychiatric symptoms, which warrant further investigation and consideration in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0128-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331
in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 12p.[article] Clinical evaluation of autistic symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. WESTWOOD, Auteur ; W. MANDY, Auteur ; K. TCHANTURIA, Auteur . - 12p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 12p.
Mots-clés : Adult Affective Symptoms/epidemiology Anorexia Nervosa/*complications/*psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/*diagnosis Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Middle Aged Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Self Report Young Adult *Ados-2 *Anorexia nervosa *Autism spectrum disorder *Eating disorder *Female autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite a suggested link between anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous studies have used self-report or diagnostic criteria to assess for ASD in AN populations, rather than direct observation of symptom characteristic of ASD. The aim of this study was to use a standardised, clinical assessment of ASD, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd Edition (ADOS-2), to investigate the presence of autistic symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of women with AN. METHODS: Sixty women were recruited from inpatient or day-patient specialist eating disorder services. Each participant underwent the ADOS-2 assessment and completed a set of self-report questionnaires assessing eating disorder pathology and other psychiatric symptoms. IQ was also assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen women (23.3%) scored above clinical cutoff for ASD on the ADOS-2. Only eight of these women displayed repetitive or restrictive behaviours, while all 14 had difficulties with social affect. Elevated ASD symptoms were associated with increased alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, but not specific eating disorder pathology. CONCLUSIONS: ASD symptoms are over-represented in women with severe AN and appear to be associated with other psychiatric symptoms, which warrant further investigation and consideration in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0128-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331