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Oxidative Stress in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Control Study / M. THORSEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-1 (January 2022)
[article]
Titre : Oxidative Stress in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Control Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. THORSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; L. THORSEN, Auteur ; T. M. MICHEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.275-282 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Antioxidants/metabolism Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Case-Control Studies Child Female Humans Male Oxidative Stress Sex Superoxide Dismutase Xanthine Oxidase Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Oxidative stress has been proposed as being important in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and heightened levels of oxidative stress has found in children with ASD. Our aim was to investigate, whether this change is temporary or persist into adulthood. We included 89 adult patients with ASD and sex and age matched controls. Plasma levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and pro-oxidant xanthine oxidase (XO) were measured. Individuals with ASD had higher levels of SOD1, which furthermore correlated with autism severity as measured by autism quotient-score. We found no difference regarding SOD2 and XO between ASD group and controls. However, SOD1 and SOD2 were elevated in males compared to females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04897-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-1 (January 2022) . - p.275-282[article] Oxidative Stress in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Control Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. THORSEN, Auteur ; Niels BILENBERG, Auteur ; L. THORSEN, Auteur ; T. M. MICHEL, Auteur . - p.275-282.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-1 (January 2022) . - p.275-282
Mots-clés : Adult Antioxidants/metabolism Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder Case-Control Studies Child Female Humans Male Oxidative Stress Sex Superoxide Dismutase Xanthine Oxidase Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Oxidative stress has been proposed as being important in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and heightened levels of oxidative stress has found in children with ASD. Our aim was to investigate, whether this change is temporary or persist into adulthood. We included 89 adult patients with ASD and sex and age matched controls. Plasma levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and pro-oxidant xanthine oxidase (XO) were measured. Individuals with ASD had higher levels of SOD1, which furthermore correlated with autism severity as measured by autism quotient-score. We found no difference regarding SOD2 and XO between ASD group and controls. However, SOD1 and SOD2 were elevated in males compared to females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04897-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454 An Investigation of the Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis, As a Novel Oxidative Stress Plasma Biomarker, in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders / Ay?egül EFE in Autism Research, 14-3 (March 2021)
[article]
Titre : An Investigation of the Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis, As a Novel Oxidative Stress Plasma Biomarker, in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ay?egül EFE, Auteur ; Salim NE?ELIO?LU, Auteur ; Ayla SOYKAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.473-487 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : antioxidants autism spectrum disorders dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium oxidative stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We aimed to investigate the role of impaired oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis on the etiopathogenesis of autism with a novel oxidative stress (OS) marker, dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (DTDH), and relationship between the symptom severity and markers. A total of 60 children with ASD aged 3-10?years and 54 unaffected children were investigated for the plasma DTDH parameters. A sociodemographic-data form, K-SADS-PL, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Abnormal Behavior Checklist, Autism Behavior Checklist, and a developmentally appropriate IQ test were administered to all participants. Distortion of DTDH to the OS-side in the autism group was determined with lower plasma levels of native and total thiol, in contrast to a higher disulfide and thiol oxidation-reduction ratio. However, biomarkers had no correlation with the symptom severity of autism. Cutoff values for each parameter on the ROC curve might be useful to predict ASD and each DTDH biomarker was detected as an independent predictor of ASD. The present study demonstrated a disturbed redox status and absence of an expected compensatory increase in antioxidant response in a pediatric sample of ASD by measuring dynamic oxidation/reduction shifts with a novel, practical and reproducible analytical technique, and contributes to data regarding oxidative hypothesis on autism and raises the question of the place of antioxidants in autism treatment. Our results may suggest predictive usefulness of the plasma DTDH biomarkers in ASD, despite the study being conducted with a modestly small sample size that makes further research with a larger replication sample necessary to substantiate the findings. LAY SUMMARY: Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is a novel plasma marker used to determine the oxidative stress which is a natural result of disequilibrium between the oxidants and antioxidants in the human body. There is increasing interest regarding a central biological linking role of oxidative stress among the other etiological factors of autism. Our findings on the disturbed plasma dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in children with autism and the absence of an expected antioxidant response against increased oxidative stress supports the data concerning the role of oxidative stress on the etiology of autism and the need of further research on the place of antioxidants in autism treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2436 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443
in Autism Research > 14-3 (March 2021) . - p.473-487[article] An Investigation of the Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis, As a Novel Oxidative Stress Plasma Biomarker, in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ay?egül EFE, Auteur ; Salim NE?ELIO?LU, Auteur ; Ayla SOYKAN, Auteur . - p.473-487.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-3 (March 2021) . - p.473-487
Mots-clés : antioxidants autism spectrum disorders dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium oxidative stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We aimed to investigate the role of impaired oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis on the etiopathogenesis of autism with a novel oxidative stress (OS) marker, dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (DTDH), and relationship between the symptom severity and markers. A total of 60 children with ASD aged 3-10?years and 54 unaffected children were investigated for the plasma DTDH parameters. A sociodemographic-data form, K-SADS-PL, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Abnormal Behavior Checklist, Autism Behavior Checklist, and a developmentally appropriate IQ test were administered to all participants. Distortion of DTDH to the OS-side in the autism group was determined with lower plasma levels of native and total thiol, in contrast to a higher disulfide and thiol oxidation-reduction ratio. However, biomarkers had no correlation with the symptom severity of autism. Cutoff values for each parameter on the ROC curve might be useful to predict ASD and each DTDH biomarker was detected as an independent predictor of ASD. The present study demonstrated a disturbed redox status and absence of an expected compensatory increase in antioxidant response in a pediatric sample of ASD by measuring dynamic oxidation/reduction shifts with a novel, practical and reproducible analytical technique, and contributes to data regarding oxidative hypothesis on autism and raises the question of the place of antioxidants in autism treatment. Our results may suggest predictive usefulness of the plasma DTDH biomarkers in ASD, despite the study being conducted with a modestly small sample size that makes further research with a larger replication sample necessary to substantiate the findings. LAY SUMMARY: Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis is a novel plasma marker used to determine the oxidative stress which is a natural result of disequilibrium between the oxidants and antioxidants in the human body. There is increasing interest regarding a central biological linking role of oxidative stress among the other etiological factors of autism. Our findings on the disturbed plasma dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in children with autism and the absence of an expected antioxidant response against increased oxidative stress supports the data concerning the role of oxidative stress on the etiology of autism and the need of further research on the place of antioxidants in autism treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2436 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=443 How Robust is the Evidence for a Role of Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities? / Shanna L. BURKE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-5 (May 2021)
[article]
Titre : How Robust is the Evidence for a Role of Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shanna L. BURKE, Auteur ; Jessica COBB, Auteur ; Rumi AGARWAL, Auteur ; Marlaina MADDUX, Auteur ; Marcus S. COOKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1428-1445 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Biomarker Developmental disability Intellectual disability Oxidative stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Growing interest in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has led to emerging evidence implicating a role for oxidative stress. However, understanding the strength of this association is made challenging by the use of a variety of purported biomarkers of oxidative stress, many of which have either uncertain specificity or flawed methods of analysis. This review aims to address this issue, which is widespread in the ASD and IDD literature, by providing readers with information concerning the strengths and limitations of the choice and analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress. We highlight that biomarkers and assays should be specific, sensitive, reproducible, precise, robust, and chosen with careful consideration. Future studies should be sufficiently powered and address sample collection, processing, and storage which are, additionally, poorly considered, sources of bad practice, and potential errors. Only with these issues considered, will the data lead to conclusions as to the precise role of oxidative stress in ASDs and IDD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04611-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-5 (May 2021) . - p.1428-1445[article] How Robust is the Evidence for a Role of Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shanna L. BURKE, Auteur ; Jessica COBB, Auteur ; Rumi AGARWAL, Auteur ; Marlaina MADDUX, Auteur ; Marcus S. COOKE, Auteur . - p.1428-1445.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-5 (May 2021) . - p.1428-1445
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Biomarker Developmental disability Intellectual disability Oxidative stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Growing interest in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has led to emerging evidence implicating a role for oxidative stress. However, understanding the strength of this association is made challenging by the use of a variety of purported biomarkers of oxidative stress, many of which have either uncertain specificity or flawed methods of analysis. This review aims to address this issue, which is widespread in the ASD and IDD literature, by providing readers with information concerning the strengths and limitations of the choice and analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress. We highlight that biomarkers and assays should be specific, sensitive, reproducible, precise, robust, and chosen with careful consideration. Future studies should be sufficiently powered and address sample collection, processing, and storage which are, additionally, poorly considered, sources of bad practice, and potential errors. Only with these issues considered, will the data lead to conclusions as to the precise role of oxidative stress in ASDs and IDD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04611-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445 Markers related to oxidative stress in peripheral blood in children with autism spectrum disorder / Xiaoping LIN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 99 (November)
[article]
Titre : Markers related to oxidative stress in peripheral blood in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiaoping LIN, Auteur ; Yingyu ZHOU, Auteur ; Shaowen LI, Auteur ; Haohan ZHOU, Auteur ; Binjie MA, Auteur ; Zheqing ZHANG, Auteur ; Jingjing LIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102067 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Oxidative stress Vitamin A Vitamin E Mitochondrial DNA copy number Telomere length Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Oxidative stress in the brain contributes to neuronal damage in genetically susceptible children, which might be involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). However, clinical data were inconsistent. The goal of this study was to investigate whether oxidative stress markers (vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length) in peripheral blood are related to ASD in Chinese children aged 6-9 years. Method Sixty seven individuals with ASD and 134 sex- and age-matched neurotypical controls participated. The relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length of leukocytes in peripheral blood were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in plasma were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results ASD group had a higher leukocyte mtDNAcn (1.36 Â+ 0.49 vs. 1.03 Â+ 0.24, p < 0.001) and vitamin E concentration (5.79 Â+ 1.70 ng/ml vs. 5.30 Â+ 0.96 ng/ml, p = 0.044) than the control group, but no significant differences in vitamin A concentration and leukocyte telomere length were detected between groups. Leukocyte mtDNAcn in the highest tertile increased the risk of ASD by 4.259 times (odds ratio:4.259, 95% confidence interval: 1.427-12.707, p = 0.009) compared with the lowest tertile after adjustment for confounders, and a significant dose-response relationship between mtDNAcn and ASD risk was observed (p-trend = 0.032). Conclusions Children with ASD had higher levels of leukocyte mtDNAcn. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 99 (November) . - 102067[article] Markers related to oxidative stress in peripheral blood in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiaoping LIN, Auteur ; Yingyu ZHOU, Auteur ; Shaowen LI, Auteur ; Haohan ZHOU, Auteur ; Binjie MA, Auteur ; Zheqing ZHANG, Auteur ; Jingjing LIANG, Auteur . - 102067.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 99 (November) . - 102067
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Oxidative stress Vitamin A Vitamin E Mitochondrial DNA copy number Telomere length Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Oxidative stress in the brain contributes to neuronal damage in genetically susceptible children, which might be involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). However, clinical data were inconsistent. The goal of this study was to investigate whether oxidative stress markers (vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length) in peripheral blood are related to ASD in Chinese children aged 6-9 years. Method Sixty seven individuals with ASD and 134 sex- and age-matched neurotypical controls participated. The relative mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length of leukocytes in peripheral blood were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in plasma were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results ASD group had a higher leukocyte mtDNAcn (1.36 Â+ 0.49 vs. 1.03 Â+ 0.24, p < 0.001) and vitamin E concentration (5.79 Â+ 1.70 ng/ml vs. 5.30 Â+ 0.96 ng/ml, p = 0.044) than the control group, but no significant differences in vitamin A concentration and leukocyte telomere length were detected between groups. Leukocyte mtDNAcn in the highest tertile increased the risk of ASD by 4.259 times (odds ratio:4.259, 95% confidence interval: 1.427-12.707, p = 0.009) compared with the lowest tertile after adjustment for confounders, and a significant dose-response relationship between mtDNAcn and ASD risk was observed (p-trend = 0.032). Conclusions Children with ASD had higher levels of leukocyte mtDNAcn. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Vinpocetine amended prenatal valproic acid induced features of ASD possibly by altering markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress / K. LUHACH in Autism Research, 14-11 (November 2021)
[article]
Titre : Vinpocetine amended prenatal valproic acid induced features of ASD possibly by altering markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. LUHACH, Auteur ; G. T. KULKARNI, Auteur ; V. P. SINGH, Auteur ; B. SHARMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2270-2286 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animals Autism Spectrum Disorder Behavior, Animal Biomarkers Disease Models, Animal Doublecortin Protein Female Inflammation Oxidative Stress Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Rats Rats, Wistar Valproic Acid Vinca Alkaloids Bdnf doublecortin phosphodiesterase synapsin-IIa valproic acid vinpocetine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology and phenotypes. Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) inhibitors are known to provide benefits in various brain conditions manifesting similar behavioral phenotypes. The pharmacological consequences of vinpocetine administration a PDE1 inhibitor in prenatal-valproic acid (pre-VPA) induced ASD related behavioral phenotypes (social behavior deficits, repetitive behavior, anxiety, hyperlocomotion, and nociception) was assessed. Also, effects on important biochemical markers of neuronal function (DCX-neurogenesis, BDNF-neuronal survival, synapsin-IIa-synaptic transmission, pCREB-neuronal transcription factor), inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and TNF-?) and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] and glutathione (GSH) were studied in important brain areas (frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum). Further, neuronal cell viability was determined in dentate gyrus using Nissl staining. Pre-VPA administration resulted into impaired behavior, brain biochemistry, and neuronal cell viability. Administration of vinpocetine resulted in improvements of pre-VPA impaired social behavior, repetitive behavior, anxiety, locomotion, and nociception. Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-?, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group. Finally, high association between behavioral parameters and biochemical parameters was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis. Vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor rectified important behavioral phenotypes related with ASD, possibly by improving neuronal function, brain inflammation and brain oxidative stress. Thus, PDE1 may be a possible target for further understanding ASD. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is a brain developmental disorder with a wide array of genetic and environmental factors. Many targets have been identified till date, but a clinical treatment is still afar. The results of this study indicate that vinpocetine administration resulted in amelioration of ASD associated symptomatology in rats, prenatally exposed to VPA. Our research adds a widely expressed brain enzyme PDE1, as a possible novel pharmacological target and opens-up a new line of enquiry for ASD treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2597 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2270-2286[article] Vinpocetine amended prenatal valproic acid induced features of ASD possibly by altering markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. LUHACH, Auteur ; G. T. KULKARNI, Auteur ; V. P. SINGH, Auteur ; B. SHARMA, Auteur . - p.2270-2286.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2270-2286
Mots-clés : Animals Autism Spectrum Disorder Behavior, Animal Biomarkers Disease Models, Animal Doublecortin Protein Female Inflammation Oxidative Stress Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Rats Rats, Wistar Valproic Acid Vinca Alkaloids Bdnf doublecortin phosphodiesterase synapsin-IIa valproic acid vinpocetine Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology and phenotypes. Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) inhibitors are known to provide benefits in various brain conditions manifesting similar behavioral phenotypes. The pharmacological consequences of vinpocetine administration a PDE1 inhibitor in prenatal-valproic acid (pre-VPA) induced ASD related behavioral phenotypes (social behavior deficits, repetitive behavior, anxiety, hyperlocomotion, and nociception) was assessed. Also, effects on important biochemical markers of neuronal function (DCX-neurogenesis, BDNF-neuronal survival, synapsin-IIa-synaptic transmission, pCREB-neuronal transcription factor), inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and TNF-?) and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] and glutathione (GSH) were studied in important brain areas (frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum). Further, neuronal cell viability was determined in dentate gyrus using Nissl staining. Pre-VPA administration resulted into impaired behavior, brain biochemistry, and neuronal cell viability. Administration of vinpocetine resulted in improvements of pre-VPA impaired social behavior, repetitive behavior, anxiety, locomotion, and nociception. Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-?, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group. Finally, high association between behavioral parameters and biochemical parameters was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis. Vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor rectified important behavioral phenotypes related with ASD, possibly by improving neuronal function, brain inflammation and brain oxidative stress. Thus, PDE1 may be a possible target for further understanding ASD. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is a brain developmental disorder with a wide array of genetic and environmental factors. Many targets have been identified till date, but a clinical treatment is still afar. The results of this study indicate that vinpocetine administration resulted in amelioration of ASD associated symptomatology in rats, prenatally exposed to VPA. Our research adds a widely expressed brain enzyme PDE1, as a possible novel pharmacological target and opens-up a new line of enquiry for ASD treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2597 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Metabolic Imbalance Associated with Methylation Dysregulation and Oxidative Damage in Children with Autism / Stepan MELNYK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-3 (March 2012)
PermalinkCellular stress and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder / D. DONG in Autism Research, 11-7 (July 2018)
PermalinkRare Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Regulatory Regions of the Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Jernej KOVAC in Autism Research, 7-1 (February 2014)
PermalinkA randomized placebo-controlled pilot study of N-acetylcysteine in youth with autism spectrum disorder / L. K. WINK in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
PermalinkAnalysis of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in pediatric children with autism spectrum disorder / Eman Ahmed ZAKY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 102 (April 2023)
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