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An investigation of the 'female camouflage effect' in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences / A. RYNKIEWICZ in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : An investigation of the 'female camouflage effect' in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. RYNKIEWICZ, Auteur ; B. SCHULLER, Auteur ; E. MARCHI, Auteur ; S. PIANA, Auteur ; A. CAMURRI, Auteur ; A. LASSALLE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 10p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger Syndrome/diagnosis/psychology Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology Child Child, Preschool Communication Disorders/diagnosis/etiology Culture Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods Diagnostic Errors Emotions Facial Expression Female Fixation, Ocular Gestures Humans Male Parents Poland Psychomotor Performance Severity of Illness Index Sex Characteristics Sex Factors Social Behavior Software Stereotyped Behavior Surveys and Questionnaires Ados-2 Computer application Diagnosis Females with autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum conditions (autism) are diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls. Females with autism may have been under-identified due to not only a male-biased understanding of autism but also females' camouflaging. The study describes a new technique that allows automated coding of non-verbal mode of communication (gestures) and offers the possibility of objective, evaluation of gestures, independent of human judgment. The EyesWeb software platform and the Kinect sensor during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition) were used. METHODS: The study group consisted of 33 high-functioning Polish girls and boys with formal diagnosis of autism or Asperger syndrome aged 5-10, with fluent speech, IQ average and above and their parents (girls with autism, n = 16; boys with autism, n = 17). All children were assessed during two demonstration activities of Module 3 of ADOS-2, administered in Polish, and coded using Polish codes. Children were also assessed with Polish versions of the Eyes and Faces Tests. Parents provided information on the author-reviewed Polish research translation of SCQ (Social Communication Questionnaire, Current and Lifetime) and Polish version of AQ Child (Autism Spectrum Quotient, Child). RESULTS: Girls with autism tended to use gestures more vividly as compared to boys with autism during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2. Girls with autism made significantly more mistakes than boys with autism on the Faces Test. All children with autism had high scores in AQ Child, which confirmed the presence of autistic traits in this group. The current communication skills of boys with autism reported by parents in SCQ were significantly better than those of girls with autism. However, both girls with autism and boys with autism improved in the social and communication abilities over the lifetime. The number of stereotypic behaviours in boys significantly decreased over life whereas it remained at a comparable level in girls with autism. CONCLUSIONS: High-functioning females with autism might present better on non-verbal (gestures) mode of communication than boys with autism. It may camouflage other diagnostic features. It poses risk of under-diagnosis or not receiving the appropriate diagnosis for this population. Further research is required to examine this phenomenon so appropriate gender revisions to the diagnostic assessments might be implemented. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0073-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 10p.[article] An investigation of the 'female camouflage effect' in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. RYNKIEWICZ, Auteur ; B. SCHULLER, Auteur ; E. MARCHI, Auteur ; S. PIANA, Auteur ; A. CAMURRI, Auteur ; A. LASSALLE, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 10p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 10p.
Mots-clés : Asperger Syndrome/diagnosis/psychology Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology Child Child, Preschool Communication Disorders/diagnosis/etiology Culture Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods Diagnostic Errors Emotions Facial Expression Female Fixation, Ocular Gestures Humans Male Parents Poland Psychomotor Performance Severity of Illness Index Sex Characteristics Sex Factors Social Behavior Software Stereotyped Behavior Surveys and Questionnaires Ados-2 Computer application Diagnosis Females with autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum conditions (autism) are diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls. Females with autism may have been under-identified due to not only a male-biased understanding of autism but also females' camouflaging. The study describes a new technique that allows automated coding of non-verbal mode of communication (gestures) and offers the possibility of objective, evaluation of gestures, independent of human judgment. The EyesWeb software platform and the Kinect sensor during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition) were used. METHODS: The study group consisted of 33 high-functioning Polish girls and boys with formal diagnosis of autism or Asperger syndrome aged 5-10, with fluent speech, IQ average and above and their parents (girls with autism, n = 16; boys with autism, n = 17). All children were assessed during two demonstration activities of Module 3 of ADOS-2, administered in Polish, and coded using Polish codes. Children were also assessed with Polish versions of the Eyes and Faces Tests. Parents provided information on the author-reviewed Polish research translation of SCQ (Social Communication Questionnaire, Current and Lifetime) and Polish version of AQ Child (Autism Spectrum Quotient, Child). RESULTS: Girls with autism tended to use gestures more vividly as compared to boys with autism during two demonstration activities of ADOS-2. Girls with autism made significantly more mistakes than boys with autism on the Faces Test. All children with autism had high scores in AQ Child, which confirmed the presence of autistic traits in this group. The current communication skills of boys with autism reported by parents in SCQ were significantly better than those of girls with autism. However, both girls with autism and boys with autism improved in the social and communication abilities over the lifetime. The number of stereotypic behaviours in boys significantly decreased over life whereas it remained at a comparable level in girls with autism. CONCLUSIONS: High-functioning females with autism might present better on non-verbal (gestures) mode of communication than boys with autism. It may camouflage other diagnostic features. It poses risk of under-diagnosis or not receiving the appropriate diagnosis for this population. Further research is required to examine this phenomenon so appropriate gender revisions to the diagnostic assessments might be implemented. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0073-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 Dyspraxia and autistic traits in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions / Sarah A. CASSIDY in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Dyspraxia and autistic traits in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; P. HANNANT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 48p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Aged Apraxias/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autistic Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Empathy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Phenotype Psychological Tests Psychomotor Performance Social Skills Surveys and Questionnaires Autism spectrum conditions Autistic traits Co-morbidity Dyspraxia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are frequently associated with motor coordination difficulties. However, no studies have explored the prevalence of dyspraxia in a large sample of individuals with and without ASC or associations between dyspraxia and autistic traits in these individuals. METHODS: Two thousand eight hundred seventy-one adults (with ASC) and 10,706 controls (without ASC) self-reported whether they have been diagnosed with dyspraxia. A subsample of participants then completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ; 1237 ASC and 6765 controls) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ; 1147 ASC and 6129 controls) online through the Autism Research Centre website. The prevalence of dyspraxia was compared between those with and without ASC. AQ and EQ scores were compared across the four groups: (1) adults with ASC with dyspraxia, (2) adults with ASC without dyspraxia, (3) controls with dyspraxia, and (4) controls without dyspraxia. RESULTS: Adults with ASC were significantly more likely to report a diagnosis of dyspraxia (6.9%) than those without ASC (0.8%). In the ASC group, those with co-morbid diagnosis of dyspraxia did not have significantly different AQ or EQ scores than those without co-morbid dyspraxia. However, in the control group (without ASC), those with dyspraxia had significantly higher AQ and lower EQ scores than those without dyspraxia. CONCLUSIONS: Dyspraxia is significantly more prevalent in adults with ASC compared to controls, confirming reports that motor coordination difficulties are significantly more common in this group. Interestingly, in the general population, dyspraxia was associated with significantly higher autistic traits and lower empathy. These results suggest that motor coordination skills are important for effective social skills and empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0112-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 48p.[article] Dyspraxia and autistic traits in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah A. CASSIDY, Auteur ; P. HANNANT, Auteur ; Teresa TAVASSOLI, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 48p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 48p.
Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Aged Apraxias/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Autistic Disorder/complications/physiopathology/psychology Case-Control Studies Empathy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Phenotype Psychological Tests Psychomotor Performance Social Skills Surveys and Questionnaires Autism spectrum conditions Autistic traits Co-morbidity Dyspraxia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are frequently associated with motor coordination difficulties. However, no studies have explored the prevalence of dyspraxia in a large sample of individuals with and without ASC or associations between dyspraxia and autistic traits in these individuals. METHODS: Two thousand eight hundred seventy-one adults (with ASC) and 10,706 controls (without ASC) self-reported whether they have been diagnosed with dyspraxia. A subsample of participants then completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ; 1237 ASC and 6765 controls) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ; 1147 ASC and 6129 controls) online through the Autism Research Centre website. The prevalence of dyspraxia was compared between those with and without ASC. AQ and EQ scores were compared across the four groups: (1) adults with ASC with dyspraxia, (2) adults with ASC without dyspraxia, (3) controls with dyspraxia, and (4) controls without dyspraxia. RESULTS: Adults with ASC were significantly more likely to report a diagnosis of dyspraxia (6.9%) than those without ASC (0.8%). In the ASC group, those with co-morbid diagnosis of dyspraxia did not have significantly different AQ or EQ scores than those without co-morbid dyspraxia. However, in the control group (without ASC), those with dyspraxia had significantly higher AQ and lower EQ scores than those without dyspraxia. CONCLUSIONS: Dyspraxia is significantly more prevalent in adults with ASC compared to controls, confirming reports that motor coordination difficulties are significantly more common in this group. Interestingly, in the general population, dyspraxia was associated with significantly higher autistic traits and lower empathy. These results suggest that motor coordination skills are important for effective social skills and empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0112-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 Empathic Accuracy in Adolescent Girls with Turner Syndrome / M. KLABUNDE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)
[article]
Titre : Empathic Accuracy in Adolescent Girls with Turner Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. KLABUNDE, Auteur ; A. PICCIRILLI, Auteur ; J. BRUNO, Auteur ; M. GENDRON, Auteur ; A. L. REISS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2203-2212 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Empathy Female Humans Male Psychomotor Performance Turner Syndrome/psychology Social cognition and neurogenetic disorders Theory of mind Turner syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To examine the potential mechanisms underlying social deficits in Turner Syndrome, we administered the empathic accuracy task (EAT) -a naturalistic social cognition task- and a (control) visual-motor line-tracking task to 14 girls with TS was compared to 12 age-matched typically developing girls (TD; ages 12 to 17). Empathic accuracy was compared across positive and negative emotionally valanced videos. We found that TS differs from TD on empathic accuracy ratings for negative videos; no differences were detected for the positive videos or for the control line tracking task. Thus, our findings suggest impaired detection of negatively valanced empathic interactions in TS and may help inform the future development of social-cognition treatment strategies for girls with TS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05089-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2203-2212[article] Empathic Accuracy in Adolescent Girls with Turner Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. KLABUNDE, Auteur ; A. PICCIRILLI, Auteur ; J. BRUNO, Auteur ; M. GENDRON, Auteur ; A. L. REISS, Auteur . - p.2203-2212.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2203-2212
Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Empathy Female Humans Male Psychomotor Performance Turner Syndrome/psychology Social cognition and neurogenetic disorders Theory of mind Turner syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : To examine the potential mechanisms underlying social deficits in Turner Syndrome, we administered the empathic accuracy task (EAT) -a naturalistic social cognition task- and a (control) visual-motor line-tracking task to 14 girls with TS was compared to 12 age-matched typically developing girls (TD; ages 12 to 17). Empathic accuracy was compared across positive and negative emotionally valanced videos. We found that TS differs from TD on empathic accuracy ratings for negative videos; no differences were detected for the positive videos or for the control line tracking task. Thus, our findings suggest impaired detection of negatively valanced empathic interactions in TS and may help inform the future development of social-cognition treatment strategies for girls with TS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05089-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 Measuring the Impact of Bilingualism on Executive Functioning Via Inhibitory Control Abilities in Autistic Children / Lewis MONTGOMERY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-8 (August 2022)
[article]
Titre : Measuring the Impact of Bilingualism on Executive Functioning Via Inhibitory Control Abilities in Autistic Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lewis MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; Vicky CHONDROGIANNI, Auteur ; Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur ; Hugh RABAGLIATI, Auteur ; Antonella SORACE, Auteur ; Rachael DAVIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3560-3573 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Executive Function/physiology Humans Language Multilingualism Psychomotor Performance Autism Bilingualism Cognition Executive functioning Inhibitory control Second language exposure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One factor that may influence how executive functions develop is exposure to more than one language in childhood. This study explored the impact of bilingualism on inhibitory control in autistic (n=38) and non-autistic children (n=51). Bilingualism was measured on a continuum of exposure to investigate the effects of language environment on two facets of inhibitory control. Behavioural control of motor impulses was modulated positively through increased bilingual exposure, irrespective of diagnostic status, but bilingual exposure did not significantly affect inhibition involving visual attention. The results partially support the hypothesis that bilingual exposure differentially affects components of inhibitory control and provides important evidence for families that bilingualism is not detrimental to their development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05234-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3560-3573[article] Measuring the Impact of Bilingualism on Executive Functioning Via Inhibitory Control Abilities in Autistic Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lewis MONTGOMERY, Auteur ; Vicky CHONDROGIANNI, Auteur ; Sue FLETCHER-WATSON, Auteur ; Hugh RABAGLIATI, Auteur ; Antonella SORACE, Auteur ; Rachael DAVIS, Auteur . - p.3560-3573.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3560-3573
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Child Executive Function/physiology Humans Language Multilingualism Psychomotor Performance Autism Bilingualism Cognition Executive functioning Inhibitory control Second language exposure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One factor that may influence how executive functions develop is exposure to more than one language in childhood. This study explored the impact of bilingualism on inhibitory control in autistic (n=38) and non-autistic children (n=51). Bilingualism was measured on a continuum of exposure to investigate the effects of language environment on two facets of inhibitory control. Behavioural control of motor impulses was modulated positively through increased bilingual exposure, irrespective of diagnostic status, but bilingual exposure did not significantly affect inhibition involving visual attention. The results partially support the hypothesis that bilingual exposure differentially affects components of inhibitory control and provides important evidence for families that bilingualism is not detrimental to their development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05234-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485