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Autism spectrum disorder: An examination of sex differences in neuropsychological and self-report measures of executive and non-executive cognitive function / Eleni A. DEMETRIOU in Autism, 25-8 (November 2021)
[article]
Titre : Autism spectrum disorder: An examination of sex differences in neuropsychological and self-report measures of executive and non-executive cognitive function Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eleni A. DEMETRIOU, Auteur ; K. L. PEPPER, Auteur ; S. H. PARK, Auteur ; L. PELLICANO, Auteur ; Y. J. C. SONG, Auteur ; S. L. NAISMITH, Auteur ; I. B. HICKIE, Auteur ; E. E. THOMAS, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2223-2237 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Cognition Executive Function Female Humans Male Neuropsychological Tests Self Report Sex Characteristics Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Function Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery autism spectrum disorder executive function sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research comparing females and males with a diagnosis of autism suggests that there are sex differences in some characteristics such as behaviour regulation. One area not studied in detail is whether females and males with autism perform differently in tests of cognitive ability. The results of previous research are quite mixed. One explanation may be that some research comparing females and males with autism did not include a neurotypical control group for comparison. As a result, it is not clear whether the sex differences in cognitive ability observed in people with autism are similar to differences between neurotypical males and females. To better understand whether there are unique differences between males and females with autism, it is important to also compare them with neurotypical males and females. In our research, we included a neurotypical group and compared males and females with and without a diagnosis of autism. We found that the sex differences in autism are similar to what we observe in males and females without autism. Our study showed that compared with males, females (with and without autism) do better in assessments of processing speed, cognitive flexibility, verbal learning and memory and semantic fluency. Our results suggest that although females show different cognitive performance to males, these sex differences were not specific to the group with a diagnosis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211014991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451
in Autism > 25-8 (November 2021) . - p.2223-2237[article] Autism spectrum disorder: An examination of sex differences in neuropsychological and self-report measures of executive and non-executive cognitive function [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eleni A. DEMETRIOU, Auteur ; K. L. PEPPER, Auteur ; S. H. PARK, Auteur ; L. PELLICANO, Auteur ; Y. J. C. SONG, Auteur ; S. L. NAISMITH, Auteur ; I. B. HICKIE, Auteur ; E. E. THOMAS, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.2223-2237.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 25-8 (November 2021) . - p.2223-2237
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Cognition Executive Function Female Humans Male Neuropsychological Tests Self Report Sex Characteristics Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Function Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery autism spectrum disorder executive function sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research comparing females and males with a diagnosis of autism suggests that there are sex differences in some characteristics such as behaviour regulation. One area not studied in detail is whether females and males with autism perform differently in tests of cognitive ability. The results of previous research are quite mixed. One explanation may be that some research comparing females and males with autism did not include a neurotypical control group for comparison. As a result, it is not clear whether the sex differences in cognitive ability observed in people with autism are similar to differences between neurotypical males and females. To better understand whether there are unique differences between males and females with autism, it is important to also compare them with neurotypical males and females. In our research, we included a neurotypical group and compared males and females with and without a diagnosis of autism. We found that the sex differences in autism are similar to what we observe in males and females without autism. Our study showed that compared with males, females (with and without autism) do better in assessments of processing speed, cognitive flexibility, verbal learning and memory and semantic fluency. Our results suggest that although females show different cognitive performance to males, these sex differences were not specific to the group with a diagnosis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211014991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data / Elizabeth WEIR in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 23 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Delivery of Health Care Female Health Status Disparities Humans Infant, Newborn Self Report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that autistic individuals have shorter lifespans and experience worse health (greater health burden) than non-autistic individuals. Small, qualitative studies suggest that autistic adults also experience poor self-reported healthcare quality. METHODS: An anonymized, cross-sectional, self-report questionnaire was administered to n=4158 individuals. The study assessed prevalence of chronic health conditions, healthcare quality, differences in overall health inequality score, and effects of the coronavirus pandemic on healthcare quality. We used Fisher's exact tests, binomial logistic regression, and predictive machine learning tools, as appropriate. RESULTS: The final sample included n=2649 participants (n=1285 autistic) aged 16-96 years. Autistic adults reported lower quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across 50/51 items, including poorer access to healthcare and poorer communication, alongside increased anxiety, sensory sensitivity, system-level problems, shutdowns, and meltdowns. Differences between groups were stark: aggregated health inequality scores predicted autism diagnosis, even after stratifying by sex. Autistic adults were also more likely to have chronic health conditions than non-autistic adults. There were no significant differences in healthcare quality for autistic adults before and during the pandemic, although they received relatively poorer quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across both periods. LIMITATIONS: The study's sampling methods are not likely to capture the perspectives of all autistic individuals, especially those with intellectual disability. Both the autistic and control samples are biased towards UK residents, white individuals, those assigned female at birth, and those who completed an undergraduate degree or higher education. As such, these results may limit their generalizability to other groups. Finally, these results relate to self-reported differences in healthcare quality between autistic and non-autistic adults. The observed group differences may in part reflect differences in perception and communication rather than differences in actual healthcare quality. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults are more likely to have chronic health conditions alongside self-reported lower quality healthcare than others. Health inequalities between these groups are widespread and dramatic; unfortunately, they existed before and have persisted after the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00501-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 23 p.[article] Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth WEIR, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 23 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 23 p.
Mots-clés : Adult Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Delivery of Health Care Female Health Status Disparities Humans Infant, Newborn Self Report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Recent research suggests that autistic individuals have shorter lifespans and experience worse health (greater health burden) than non-autistic individuals. Small, qualitative studies suggest that autistic adults also experience poor self-reported healthcare quality. METHODS: An anonymized, cross-sectional, self-report questionnaire was administered to n=4158 individuals. The study assessed prevalence of chronic health conditions, healthcare quality, differences in overall health inequality score, and effects of the coronavirus pandemic on healthcare quality. We used Fisher's exact tests, binomial logistic regression, and predictive machine learning tools, as appropriate. RESULTS: The final sample included n=2649 participants (n=1285 autistic) aged 16-96 years. Autistic adults reported lower quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across 50/51 items, including poorer access to healthcare and poorer communication, alongside increased anxiety, sensory sensitivity, system-level problems, shutdowns, and meltdowns. Differences between groups were stark: aggregated health inequality scores predicted autism diagnosis, even after stratifying by sex. Autistic adults were also more likely to have chronic health conditions than non-autistic adults. There were no significant differences in healthcare quality for autistic adults before and during the pandemic, although they received relatively poorer quality healthcare than non-autistic adults across both periods. LIMITATIONS: The study's sampling methods are not likely to capture the perspectives of all autistic individuals, especially those with intellectual disability. Both the autistic and control samples are biased towards UK residents, white individuals, those assigned female at birth, and those who completed an undergraduate degree or higher education. As such, these results may limit their generalizability to other groups. Finally, these results relate to self-reported differences in healthcare quality between autistic and non-autistic adults. The observed group differences may in part reflect differences in perception and communication rather than differences in actual healthcare quality. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults are more likely to have chronic health conditions alongside self-reported lower quality healthcare than others. Health inequalities between these groups are widespread and dramatic; unfortunately, they existed before and have persisted after the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00501-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Social anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder: Considering the reliability of self-report instruments in adult cohorts / Kelsie A. BOULTON in Autism Research, 14-11 (November 2021)
[article]
Titre : Social anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder: Considering the reliability of self-report instruments in adult cohorts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2383-2392 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Anxiety Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Fear Humans Phobia, Social Reproducibility of Results Self Report adults autism spectrum disorder rating scales reliability social anxiety social anxiety disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Limited information exists on the reliability of social anxiety instruments with these adults and their performance when compared to individuals with SAD without ASD. This study examines psychometric properties of self-report social anxiety instruments in autistic adults without intellectual disability, compared to adults with SAD. Additionally, we compared instrument scores between a subgroup of autistic adults with a dual diagnosis of SAD (ASD?+?SAD) and adults with SAD only. Adults diagnosed with SAD (N = 316) or ASD (N = 102) were recruited from the Brain and Mind Centre in New South Wales, Australia. Sixty autistic participants also received a diagnosis of SAD (ASD?+?SAD). Participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-self-report, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, the Social Phobia Scale, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. All instruments showed excellent internal consistency in autistic adults. The instruments showed evidence of convergent validity, and the strength of relationships between measures were equivalent between ASD and SAD groups. For all instruments, performance of these instruments in autistic adults with a SAD diagnosis was very similar to performance in adults diagnosed with SAD but without ASD. Findings support the use of these instruments for identifying social anxiety symptoms in autistic adults without intellectual disability and have utility for mental health clinical services. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic adults often experience social anxiety. We examined the use of four social anxiety questionnaires in autistic adults, compared to adults with SAD. We found similar results between autistic adults and adults with SAD, suggesting that these questionnaires can be useful for measuring social anxiety symptoms in autistic adults. These findings have implications for clinical services, as they show that these instruments are reliable when used with autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2572 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2383-2392[article] Social anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder: Considering the reliability of self-report instruments in adult cohorts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kelsie A. BOULTON, Auteur ; A. J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.2383-2392.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-11 (November 2021) . - p.2383-2392
Mots-clés : Adult Anxiety Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Fear Humans Phobia, Social Reproducibility of Results Self Report adults autism spectrum disorder rating scales reliability social anxiety social anxiety disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Limited information exists on the reliability of social anxiety instruments with these adults and their performance when compared to individuals with SAD without ASD. This study examines psychometric properties of self-report social anxiety instruments in autistic adults without intellectual disability, compared to adults with SAD. Additionally, we compared instrument scores between a subgroup of autistic adults with a dual diagnosis of SAD (ASD?+?SAD) and adults with SAD only. Adults diagnosed with SAD (N = 316) or ASD (N = 102) were recruited from the Brain and Mind Centre in New South Wales, Australia. Sixty autistic participants also received a diagnosis of SAD (ASD?+?SAD). Participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-self-report, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, the Social Phobia Scale, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. All instruments showed excellent internal consistency in autistic adults. The instruments showed evidence of convergent validity, and the strength of relationships between measures were equivalent between ASD and SAD groups. For all instruments, performance of these instruments in autistic adults with a SAD diagnosis was very similar to performance in adults diagnosed with SAD but without ASD. Findings support the use of these instruments for identifying social anxiety symptoms in autistic adults without intellectual disability and have utility for mental health clinical services. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic adults often experience social anxiety. We examined the use of four social anxiety questionnaires in autistic adults, compared to adults with SAD. We found similar results between autistic adults and adults with SAD, suggesting that these questionnaires can be useful for measuring social anxiety symptoms in autistic adults. These findings have implications for clinical services, as they show that these instruments are reliable when used with autistic adults. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2572 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Autism Traits Predict Self-reported Executive Functioning Deficits in Everyday Life and an Aversion to Exercise / L. A. MASON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-8 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : Autism Traits Predict Self-reported Executive Functioning Deficits in Everyday Life and an Aversion to Exercise Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. A. MASON, Auteur ; B. M. ZIMIGA, Auteur ; R. ANDERS-JEFFERSON, Auteur ; K. R. PAAP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2725-2750 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Affect/physiology Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology Avoidance Learning/physiology Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/psychology Executive Function/physiology Exercise/physiology/psychology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Self Report Students/psychology Young Adult Autism quotient Autism traits Executive functioning Exercise Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are Autism Quotient (AQ) scores related to executive functioning (EF)? We sampled 200 students of normal intelligence and examined the relationship between AQ scores and: (a) 5 self-ratings of EF, (b) 5 performance-based measures of EF, and (c) 5 types of activities or experiences that are assumed to recruit EF and sometimes enhance EF. Our findings reveal that as AQ scores increase, self-rated EF ability decreases. AQ scores and self-reported EF measures do not correlate with objective EF task performance. Furthermore, AQ scores were shown to be negatively associated with many specific types of physical activity. As AQ scores increase, individuals report fewer positive reasons for exercise and more rationalizations for not engaging in more exercise. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04741-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-8 (August 2021) . - p.2725-2750[article] Autism Traits Predict Self-reported Executive Functioning Deficits in Everyday Life and an Aversion to Exercise [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. A. MASON, Auteur ; B. M. ZIMIGA, Auteur ; R. ANDERS-JEFFERSON, Auteur ; K. R. PAAP, Auteur . - p.2725-2750.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-8 (August 2021) . - p.2725-2750
Mots-clés : Adolescent Adult Affect/physiology Autistic Disorder/diagnosis/psychology Avoidance Learning/physiology Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis/psychology Executive Function/physiology Exercise/physiology/psychology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Predictive Value of Tests Self Report Students/psychology Young Adult Autism quotient Autism traits Executive functioning Exercise Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are Autism Quotient (AQ) scores related to executive functioning (EF)? We sampled 200 students of normal intelligence and examined the relationship between AQ scores and: (a) 5 self-ratings of EF, (b) 5 performance-based measures of EF, and (c) 5 types of activities or experiences that are assumed to recruit EF and sometimes enhance EF. Our findings reveal that as AQ scores increase, self-rated EF ability decreases. AQ scores and self-reported EF measures do not correlate with objective EF task performance. Furthermore, AQ scores were shown to be negatively associated with many specific types of physical activity. As AQ scores increase, individuals report fewer positive reasons for exercise and more rationalizations for not engaging in more exercise. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04741-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=453 Assessing Interdisciplinary Trainees' Objective and Self-Reported Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Confidence in Providing Services / Leciel K. BONO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-1 (January 2022)
[article]
Titre : Assessing Interdisciplinary Trainees' Objective and Self-Reported Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Confidence in Providing Services Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Leciel K. BONO, Auteur ; C. R. HAVERKAMP, Auteur ; R. A. LINDSEY, Auteur ; R. N. FREEDMAN, Auteur ; M. B. MCCLAIN, Auteur ; V. SIMONSMEIER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.376-391 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/therapy Humans Mental Processes Referral and Consultation Self Report Universities Autism spectrum disorder Interdisciplinary Knowledge Self-efficacy Trainees Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The importance of accurate identification and high-quality intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is indisputable. Clinicians from multiple professions need adequate knowledge of ASD to make appropriate referrals to specialists, conduct thorough evaluations, and provide effective interventions. ASD knowledge development for many professionals may start at the pre-service training level. An interdisciplinary sample consisting of trainees from Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (LEND) programs and University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities (UCEDDs) across the country (N?=?155) was evaluated on their objectively measured ASD knowledge using the ASKSP-R. Self-reported knowledge of ASD and self-reported confidence in providing services to individuals who have ASD was evaluated using a 0-100 scale. Results from an ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in objectively measured knowledge across disciplines, F(7, 146)?=?4.68, p?.001. Specifically, trainees in psychology had significantly higher levels of objectively measured ASD knowledge than trainees in physical/occupational therapy, social work, and non-clinical disciplines. Pre-service and professional development experiences predicted trainees' objectively measured ASD knowledge, self-reported ASD knowledge, and self-reported confidence. Implications and recommendations regarding interdisciplinary training to improve outcomes for individuals with ASD are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04948-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-1 (January 2022) . - p.376-391[article] Assessing Interdisciplinary Trainees' Objective and Self-Reported Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Confidence in Providing Services [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Leciel K. BONO, Auteur ; C. R. HAVERKAMP, Auteur ; R. A. LINDSEY, Auteur ; R. N. FREEDMAN, Auteur ; M. B. MCCLAIN, Auteur ; V. SIMONSMEIER, Auteur . - p.376-391.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-1 (January 2022) . - p.376-391
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/therapy Humans Mental Processes Referral and Consultation Self Report Universities Autism spectrum disorder Interdisciplinary Knowledge Self-efficacy Trainees Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The importance of accurate identification and high-quality intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is indisputable. Clinicians from multiple professions need adequate knowledge of ASD to make appropriate referrals to specialists, conduct thorough evaluations, and provide effective interventions. ASD knowledge development for many professionals may start at the pre-service training level. An interdisciplinary sample consisting of trainees from Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (LEND) programs and University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities (UCEDDs) across the country (N?=?155) was evaluated on their objectively measured ASD knowledge using the ASKSP-R. Self-reported knowledge of ASD and self-reported confidence in providing services to individuals who have ASD was evaluated using a 0-100 scale. Results from an ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference in objectively measured knowledge across disciplines, F(7, 146)?=?4.68, p?.001. Specifically, trainees in psychology had significantly higher levels of objectively measured ASD knowledge than trainees in physical/occupational therapy, social work, and non-clinical disciplines. Pre-service and professional development experiences predicted trainees' objectively measured ASD knowledge, self-reported ASD knowledge, and self-reported confidence. Implications and recommendations regarding interdisciplinary training to improve outcomes for individuals with ASD are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04948-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=455 Autism Spectrum Disorders and Self-reports: Testing Validity and Reliability Using the NEO-PI-R / Eva HESSELMARK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-5 (May 2015)
PermalinkSelf-reported community participation experiences and preferences of autistic adults / Lindsay L. SHEA in Autism, 25-5 (July 2021)
PermalinkSelf-reported community participation experiences and preferences of autistic adults / Lindsay L. SHEA in Autism, 26-5 (July 2022)
PermalinkSelf-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis / R. L. MOSELEY in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
PermalinkAutistic Traits Mediate Reductions in Social Attention in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa / J. KERR-GAFFNEY in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-6 (June 2021)
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