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Characteristics of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders from the Simons Simplex Collection / Ann E. E. JOHANSSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 53 (September 2018)
[article]
Titre : Characteristics of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders from the Simons Simplex Collection Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ann E. E. JOHANSSON, Auteur ; Christine A. FEELEY, Auteur ; Janice S. DORMAN, Auteur ; Eileen R. CHASENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.18-30 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD Sleep Simons Simplex Collection Gastrointestinal disturbance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An estimated 40–80% of children with ASD have sleep problems, including bedtime behavior problems, difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, decreased sleep time, and daytime sleepiness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep problems and characteristics of children with ASD in a large, nationwide sample. Methods This secondary analysis of children 4- to 18-years explored 11 sleep problems using the Simons Simplex Collection Sleep Interview (SSCSI). The SSCSI includes nighttime problems, daytime problems, and sleep duration problems subscales. Chi square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann- Whitney U tests were performed to detect differences between age groups, sexes, and sleep problem groups (none/minimal, mild, moderate/severe). Odds ratios for variables associated with sleep problems were assessed using baseline and adjacent category logistic regression. Two-way interaction effects were included in regression models, and stratified analyses were performed for age groups. Results Approximately 41% of children were categorized as having mild or moderate/severe sleep problems. The most commonly reported SSCSI items were in the nighttime problems subscale; difficulty falling asleep was the most frequently reported item. Mean sleep duration was approximately 9?h, although more than one-quarter slept less than the hours recommended for their age. Increased odds of sleep problems were most frequently associated with gastrointestinal distress (GID) and non-verbal IQ (NVIQ), followed by male sex and age. ADOS severity score is likely not associated with sleep problems in this sample. Conclusions This study advances our understanding of sleep in ASD by showing that GID, NVIQ, sex, and age increased the odds of sleep problems in children with ASD. These results reinforce that healthcare professionals should screen for sleep problems in children with ASD and suggest future lines of inquiry. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 53 (September 2018) . - p.18-30[article] Characteristics of sleep in children with autism spectrum disorders from the Simons Simplex Collection [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ann E. E. JOHANSSON, Auteur ; Christine A. FEELEY, Auteur ; Janice S. DORMAN, Auteur ; Eileen R. CHASENS, Auteur . - p.18-30.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 53 (September 2018) . - p.18-30
Mots-clés : ASD Sleep Simons Simplex Collection Gastrointestinal disturbance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background An estimated 40–80% of children with ASD have sleep problems, including bedtime behavior problems, difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, decreased sleep time, and daytime sleepiness. This study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep problems and characteristics of children with ASD in a large, nationwide sample. Methods This secondary analysis of children 4- to 18-years explored 11 sleep problems using the Simons Simplex Collection Sleep Interview (SSCSI). The SSCSI includes nighttime problems, daytime problems, and sleep duration problems subscales. Chi square, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann- Whitney U tests were performed to detect differences between age groups, sexes, and sleep problem groups (none/minimal, mild, moderate/severe). Odds ratios for variables associated with sleep problems were assessed using baseline and adjacent category logistic regression. Two-way interaction effects were included in regression models, and stratified analyses were performed for age groups. Results Approximately 41% of children were categorized as having mild or moderate/severe sleep problems. The most commonly reported SSCSI items were in the nighttime problems subscale; difficulty falling asleep was the most frequently reported item. Mean sleep duration was approximately 9?h, although more than one-quarter slept less than the hours recommended for their age. Increased odds of sleep problems were most frequently associated with gastrointestinal distress (GID) and non-verbal IQ (NVIQ), followed by male sex and age. ADOS severity score is likely not associated with sleep problems in this sample. Conclusions This study advances our understanding of sleep in ASD by showing that GID, NVIQ, sex, and age increased the odds of sleep problems in children with ASD. These results reinforce that healthcare professionals should screen for sleep problems in children with ASD and suggest future lines of inquiry. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.06.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 Psychotropic medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders within the Simons Simplex Collection: Are core features of autism spectrum disorder related? / Sarah S. MIRE in Autism, 18-8 (November 2014)
[article]
Titre : Psychotropic medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders within the Simons Simplex Collection: Are core features of autism spectrum disorder related? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah S. MIRE, Auteur ; Kerri P. NOWELL, Auteur ; Thomas KUBISZYN, Auteur ; Robin P. GOIN-KOCHEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.933-942 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders core features psychotropic medication use Simons Simplex Collection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychotropic medication use and its relationship to autism spectrum core features were examined in a well-characterized but nonstratified North American sample (N = 1605) of children/adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders utilizing the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, from the multisite Simons Simplex Collection. Analyses included (a) prevalence of psychotropic use (overall, and by classes), (b) correlations between prevalence of use and autism spectrum core features, age, and cognitive functioning, and (c) logistic regression to identify whether these factors were predictive of psychotropic use. Results indicated 41.7% ever used one or more classes of psychotropic medications, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications used most. Small but significant correlations between psychotropic medication use and (a) social impairment (p .001) and (b) repetitive behaviors (p .001) were found. Overall, however, autism spectrum disorder core features are weakly related to medication use. Older children used more psychotropics (p .001), and higher cognitive functioning was associated with less overall psychotropic use (p .001). Logistic regression indicated that use of psychotropics was predicted by repetitive behaviors (both clinician-observed and parent-reported), age, and cognitive ability level. Limitations inherent to the Simons Simplex Collection sample, methodology, and the correlational analyses are discussed. Directions for future research include investigation of factors more influential than core symptoms on psychotropic treatment (e.g. parent perceptions, comorbid symptoms). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313498518 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=242
in Autism > 18-8 (November 2014) . - p.933-942[article] Psychotropic medication use among children with autism spectrum disorders within the Simons Simplex Collection: Are core features of autism spectrum disorder related? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah S. MIRE, Auteur ; Kerri P. NOWELL, Auteur ; Thomas KUBISZYN, Auteur ; Robin P. GOIN-KOCHEL, Auteur . - p.933-942.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 18-8 (November 2014) . - p.933-942
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders core features psychotropic medication use Simons Simplex Collection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Psychotropic medication use and its relationship to autism spectrum core features were examined in a well-characterized but nonstratified North American sample (N = 1605) of children/adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders utilizing the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, from the multisite Simons Simplex Collection. Analyses included (a) prevalence of psychotropic use (overall, and by classes), (b) correlations between prevalence of use and autism spectrum core features, age, and cognitive functioning, and (c) logistic regression to identify whether these factors were predictive of psychotropic use. Results indicated 41.7% ever used one or more classes of psychotropic medications, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medications used most. Small but significant correlations between psychotropic medication use and (a) social impairment (p .001) and (b) repetitive behaviors (p .001) were found. Overall, however, autism spectrum disorder core features are weakly related to medication use. Older children used more psychotropics (p .001), and higher cognitive functioning was associated with less overall psychotropic use (p .001). Logistic regression indicated that use of psychotropics was predicted by repetitive behaviors (both clinician-observed and parent-reported), age, and cognitive ability level. Limitations inherent to the Simons Simplex Collection sample, methodology, and the correlational analyses are discussed. Directions for future research include investigation of factors more influential than core symptoms on psychotropic treatment (e.g. parent perceptions, comorbid symptoms). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313498518 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=242 Age-related trends in treatment use for children with autism spectrum disorder / Sarah S. MIRE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 15-16 (July 2015)
[article]
Titre : Age-related trends in treatment use for children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah S. MIRE, Auteur ; Natalie S. RAFF, Auteur ; Christie M. BREWTON, Auteur ; Robin P. GOIN-KOCHEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.29-41 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Age-related trends Treatment Simons Simplex Collection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous and increasing treatment options face parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to elucidate age-related trends in treatment use among children with ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC; n = 2758). Our goals were to: (a) explore frequencies of use for various treatment types between preschool and adolescence, and (b) statistically compare rates of treatment-type use by children of different ages. Results indicated high reliance on school-based treatments (e.g., speech and occupational therapies), though use of these types of treatments decreased with age. Use of most treatment types peaked during the preschool years and decreased with age, except psychotropic medication, which was used more by older children. A stable proportion of the sample across ages endorsed biomedical treatments (i.e., complementary alternative medicine; CAM). Percentages of treatment-type use at three different ages (representing early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence) via Pearson chi-square analyses indicated significant associations (? < .006) between age and use of these treatment types: private and school-based speech, private and school-based occupational therapy, intensive behavioral treatment, and psychotropic medication. Results are considered within an ecological-behavioral framework to offer potential explanations for age-related differences in treatment use (e.g., family factors, special education legislation). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 15-16 (July 2015) . - p.29-41[article] Age-related trends in treatment use for children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah S. MIRE, Auteur ; Natalie S. RAFF, Auteur ; Christie M. BREWTON, Auteur ; Robin P. GOIN-KOCHEL, Auteur . - p.29-41.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 15-16 (July 2015) . - p.29-41
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Age-related trends Treatment Simons Simplex Collection Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Numerous and increasing treatment options face parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to elucidate age-related trends in treatment use among children with ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC; n = 2758). Our goals were to: (a) explore frequencies of use for various treatment types between preschool and adolescence, and (b) statistically compare rates of treatment-type use by children of different ages. Results indicated high reliance on school-based treatments (e.g., speech and occupational therapies), though use of these types of treatments decreased with age. Use of most treatment types peaked during the preschool years and decreased with age, except psychotropic medication, which was used more by older children. A stable proportion of the sample across ages endorsed biomedical treatments (i.e., complementary alternative medicine; CAM). Percentages of treatment-type use at three different ages (representing early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence) via Pearson chi-square analyses indicated significant associations (? < .006) between age and use of these treatment types: private and school-based speech, private and school-based occupational therapy, intensive behavioral treatment, and psychotropic medication. Results are considered within an ecological-behavioral framework to offer potential explanations for age-related differences in treatment use (e.g., family factors, special education legislation). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.03.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 Case-control meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and autism spectrum disorder / S. V. ANDREWS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Case-control meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. V. ANDREWS, Auteur ; B. SHEPPARD, Auteur ; G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; P. CHOPRA, Auteur ; R. S. ALISCH, Auteur ; C. J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; S. T. WARREN, Auteur ; A. P. FEINBERG, Auteur ; M. D. FALLIN, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 40p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/blood/genetics Case-Control Studies Child, Preschool CpG Islands DNA Methylation Epigenesis, Genetic Female Genome-Wide Association Study Humans Male Autism spectrum disorders Epigenome Peripheral blood Simons Simplex Collection Study to Explore Early Development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Several reports have suggested a role for epigenetic mechanisms in ASD etiology. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may shed light on particular biological mechanisms. However, studies of ASD cases versus controls have been limited by post-mortem timing and severely small sample sizes. Reports from in-life sampling of blood or saliva have also been very limited in sample size and/or genomic coverage. We present the largest case-control EWAS for ASD to date, combining data from population-based case-control and case-sibling pair studies. Methods: DNA from 968 blood samples from children in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED 1) was used to generate epigenome-wide array DNA methylation (DNAm) data at 485,512 CpG sites for 453 cases and 515 controls, using the Illumina 450K Beadchip. The Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) provided 450K array DNAm data on an additional 343 cases and their unaffected siblings. We performed EWAS meta-analysis across results from the two data sets, with adjustment for sex and surrogate variables that reflect major sources of biological variation and technical confounding such as cell type, batch, and ancestry. We compared top EWAS results to those from a previous brain-based analysis. We also tested for enrichment of ASD EWAS CpGs for being targets of meQTL associations using available SNP genotype data in the SEED sample. Findings: In this meta-analysis of blood-based DNA from 796 cases and 858 controls, no single CpG met a Bonferroni discovery threshold of p < 1.12 x 10(- 7). Seven CpGs showed differences at p < 1 x 10(- 5) and 48 at 1 x 10(- 4). Of the top 7, 5 showed brain-based ASD associations as well, often with larger effect sizes, and the top 48 overall showed modest concordance (r = 0.31) in direction of effect with cerebellum samples. Finally, we observed suggestive evidence for enrichment of CpG sites controlled by SNPs (meQTL targets) among the EWAS CpG hits, which was consistent across EWAS and meQTL discovery p value thresholds. Conclusions: No single CpG site showed a large enough DNAm difference between cases and controls to achieve epigenome-wide significance in this sample size. However, our results suggest the potential to observe disease associations from blood-based samples. Among the seven sites achieving suggestive statistical significance, we observed consistent, and stronger, effects at the same sites among brain samples. Discovery-oriented EWAS for ASD using blood samples will likely need even larger samples and unified genetic data to further understand DNAm differences in ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0224-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 40p.[article] Case-control meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. V. ANDREWS, Auteur ; B. SHEPPARD, Auteur ; G. C. WINDHAM, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; Diana SCHENDEL, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; P. CHOPRA, Auteur ; R. S. ALISCH, Auteur ; C. J. NEWSCHAFFER, Auteur ; S. T. WARREN, Auteur ; A. P. FEINBERG, Auteur ; M. D. FALLIN, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur . - 40p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 40p.
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/blood/genetics Case-Control Studies Child, Preschool CpG Islands DNA Methylation Epigenesis, Genetic Female Genome-Wide Association Study Humans Male Autism spectrum disorders Epigenome Peripheral blood Simons Simplex Collection Study to Explore Early Development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Several reports have suggested a role for epigenetic mechanisms in ASD etiology. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may shed light on particular biological mechanisms. However, studies of ASD cases versus controls have been limited by post-mortem timing and severely small sample sizes. Reports from in-life sampling of blood or saliva have also been very limited in sample size and/or genomic coverage. We present the largest case-control EWAS for ASD to date, combining data from population-based case-control and case-sibling pair studies. Methods: DNA from 968 blood samples from children in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED 1) was used to generate epigenome-wide array DNA methylation (DNAm) data at 485,512 CpG sites for 453 cases and 515 controls, using the Illumina 450K Beadchip. The Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) provided 450K array DNAm data on an additional 343 cases and their unaffected siblings. We performed EWAS meta-analysis across results from the two data sets, with adjustment for sex and surrogate variables that reflect major sources of biological variation and technical confounding such as cell type, batch, and ancestry. We compared top EWAS results to those from a previous brain-based analysis. We also tested for enrichment of ASD EWAS CpGs for being targets of meQTL associations using available SNP genotype data in the SEED sample. Findings: In this meta-analysis of blood-based DNA from 796 cases and 858 controls, no single CpG met a Bonferroni discovery threshold of p < 1.12 x 10(- 7). Seven CpGs showed differences at p < 1 x 10(- 5) and 48 at 1 x 10(- 4). Of the top 7, 5 showed brain-based ASD associations as well, often with larger effect sizes, and the top 48 overall showed modest concordance (r = 0.31) in direction of effect with cerebellum samples. Finally, we observed suggestive evidence for enrichment of CpG sites controlled by SNPs (meQTL targets) among the EWAS CpG hits, which was consistent across EWAS and meQTL discovery p value thresholds. Conclusions: No single CpG site showed a large enough DNAm difference between cases and controls to achieve epigenome-wide significance in this sample size. However, our results suggest the potential to observe disease associations from blood-based samples. Among the seven sites achieving suggestive statistical significance, we observed consistent, and stronger, effects at the same sites among brain samples. Discovery-oriented EWAS for ASD using blood samples will likely need even larger samples and unified genetic data to further understand DNAm differences in ASD. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0224-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 Data-driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder / Efrat Muller in Autism Research, 16-6 (June 2023)
[article]
Titre : Data-driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Efrat Muller, Auteur ; Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Eitan Bachmat, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1225-1235 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder fever effect fever response machine learning Simons simplex collection subtyping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate marked behavioral improvements during febrile episodes, in what is perhaps the only present-day means of modulating the core ASD phenotype. Understanding the nature of this so-called fever effect is therefore essential for leveraging this natural temporary relief of symptoms to a sustained efficacious intervention. Toward this goal, we used machine learning to analyze the rich clinical data of the Simons Simplex Collection, in which one out of every six children with ASD was reported to improve during febrile episodes, across multiple ASD domains. Reported behavioral improvements during febrile episodes were associated with maternal infection in pregnancy (OR?=?1.7, 95% CI?=?[1.42, 2.03], P?=?4.24???10?4) and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (OR?=?1.46, 95% CI?=?[1.15, 1.81], P?=?1.94???10?3). Family members of children reported to improve when febrile have an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders (OR?=?1.43, 95% CI?=?[1.23, 1.67], P?=?3.0???10?6), language disorders (OR?=?1.63, 95% CI?=?[1.29, 2.04], P?=?2.5???10?5), and neuropsychiatric disorders (OR?=?1.59, 95% CI?=?[1.34, 1.89], P?1???10?6). Since both GI abnormalities and maternal immune activation have been linked to ASD via proinflammatory cytokines, these results might suggest a possible involvement of immune dysregulation in the fever effect, consistent with findings in mouse models. This work advances our understanding of the fever-responsive ASD subtype and motivates the future studies to directly test the link between proinflammatory cytokines and behavioral modifications in individuals with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507
in Autism Research > 16-6 (June 2023) . - p.1225-1235[article] Data-driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Efrat Muller, Auteur ; Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Eitan Bachmat, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur . - p.1225-1235.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 16-6 (June 2023) . - p.1225-1235
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder fever effect fever response machine learning Simons simplex collection subtyping Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate marked behavioral improvements during febrile episodes, in what is perhaps the only present-day means of modulating the core ASD phenotype. Understanding the nature of this so-called fever effect is therefore essential for leveraging this natural temporary relief of symptoms to a sustained efficacious intervention. Toward this goal, we used machine learning to analyze the rich clinical data of the Simons Simplex Collection, in which one out of every six children with ASD was reported to improve during febrile episodes, across multiple ASD domains. Reported behavioral improvements during febrile episodes were associated with maternal infection in pregnancy (OR?=?1.7, 95% CI?=?[1.42, 2.03], P?=?4.24???10?4) and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (OR?=?1.46, 95% CI?=?[1.15, 1.81], P?=?1.94???10?3). Family members of children reported to improve when febrile have an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders (OR?=?1.43, 95% CI?=?[1.23, 1.67], P?=?3.0???10?6), language disorders (OR?=?1.63, 95% CI?=?[1.29, 2.04], P?=?2.5???10?5), and neuropsychiatric disorders (OR?=?1.59, 95% CI?=?[1.34, 1.89], P?1???10?6). Since both GI abnormalities and maternal immune activation have been linked to ASD via proinflammatory cytokines, these results might suggest a possible involvement of immune dysregulation in the fever effect, consistent with findings in mouse models. This work advances our understanding of the fever-responsive ASD subtype and motivates the future studies to directly test the link between proinflammatory cytokines and behavioral modifications in individuals with ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2935 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=507 Exploring the Relationship Between Anxiety and Insistence on Sameness in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Katherine GOTHAM in Autism Research, 6-1 (February 2013)
PermalinkEmergence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children from Simplex Families: Relations to Parental Perceptions of Etiology / Robin P. GOIN-KOCHEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-5 (May 2015)
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