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Twin Studies in Autism: What Might They Say About Genetic and Environmental Influences / George M. ANDERSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-7 (July 2012)
[article]
Titre : Twin Studies in Autism: What Might They Say About Genetic and Environmental Influences Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : George M. ANDERSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1526-1527 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Risk Twin Monozygotic Heritability Genetic Environmental Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Genetic and epigenetic differences exist within monozygote twin-pairs and might be especially important in the expression of autism. Assuming phenotypic differences between monozygotic twins are due to environmental influences may lead to mistaken conclusions regarding the relative genetic and environmental contribution to autism risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1552-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-7 (July 2012) . - p.1526-1527[article] Twin Studies in Autism: What Might They Say About Genetic and Environmental Influences [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / George M. ANDERSON, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1526-1527.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-7 (July 2012) . - p.1526-1527
Mots-clés : Autism Risk Twin Monozygotic Heritability Genetic Environmental Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Genetic and epigenetic differences exist within monozygote twin-pairs and might be especially important in the expression of autism. Assuming phenotypic differences between monozygotic twins are due to environmental influences may lead to mistaken conclusions regarding the relative genetic and environmental contribution to autism risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1552-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166 Exploring anxiety symptoms in a large-scale twin study of children with autism spectrum disorders, their co-twins and controls / Victoria HALLETT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-11 (November 2013)
[article]
Titre : Exploring anxiety symptoms in a large-scale twin study of children with autism spectrum disorders, their co-twins and controls Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Victoria HALLETT, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Catherine S. AMES, Auteur ; Emma WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Stephanie LIETZ, Auteur ; Tracy GARNETT, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1176-1185 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders anxiety twin siblings comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) experience difficulties with anxiety, the manifestation of these difficulties remains unresolved. The current study assessed anxiety in a large population-based twin sample, aged 10–15 years. Phenotypic analyses were used to explore anxiety symptoms in children with ASDs, their unaffected co-twins and a control sample. Methods Participants included 146 families from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) where one or both children had a suspected ASD. Eighty control families were also included. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression scale (Chorpita, Yim, Moffitt, Umemoto Francis, 2000) was completed (self- and parent-report), along with diagnostic and cognitive tests. Children were categorized into four groups (a) ASD (b) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP: mainly co-twins of children with ASDs, with high subclinical autistic traits) (c) unaffected co-twins (with neither ASDs nor BAP) (d) controls. Results Children in the ASD and BAP groups scored significantly higher than controls for all parent-rated (although not child-rated) anxiety subscales. There were no significant differences between the ASD and BAP groups for any of the parent-rated anxiety subscales. Compared with controls, unaffected co-twins showed significantly heightened Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, and Panic symptoms. Significant associations were observed between certain anxiety subscales and both IQ and ASD symptoms. For example, greater parent-rated Social Anxiety was associated with higher IQ and increased social and communicative impairments. Significant interrater correlations were observed for anxiety reports in children with ASDs (r = .27–.54; p .01), their unaffected co-twins (r = .32–.63; p .01) and controls (r = .23–.43; p .01) suggesting that children in this sample with and without ASD symptoms were able to report on their anxiety symptoms with some accuracy. Conclusions These findings support previous reports of heightened anxiety in children with ASDs, at least on parent-reported measures. Unaffected co-twins of children with ASDs also showed increased anxiety, generating questions about the potential etiological overlap between ASDs and anxiety. Progress in this area now depends on more refined anxiety measurement in ASDs and continued investigation of interrater differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=217
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-11 (November 2013) . - p.1176-1185[article] Exploring anxiety symptoms in a large-scale twin study of children with autism spectrum disorders, their co-twins and controls [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Victoria HALLETT, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Emma COLVERT, Auteur ; Catherine S. AMES, Auteur ; Emma WOODHOUSE, Auteur ; Stephanie LIETZ, Auteur ; Tracy GARNETT, Auteur ; Nicola GILLAN, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Patrick BOLTON, Auteur ; Francesca HAPPE, Auteur . - p.1176-1185.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-11 (November 2013) . - p.1176-1185
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders anxiety twin siblings comorbidity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) experience difficulties with anxiety, the manifestation of these difficulties remains unresolved. The current study assessed anxiety in a large population-based twin sample, aged 10–15 years. Phenotypic analyses were used to explore anxiety symptoms in children with ASDs, their unaffected co-twins and a control sample. Methods Participants included 146 families from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) where one or both children had a suspected ASD. Eighty control families were also included. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression scale (Chorpita, Yim, Moffitt, Umemoto Francis, 2000) was completed (self- and parent-report), along with diagnostic and cognitive tests. Children were categorized into four groups (a) ASD (b) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP: mainly co-twins of children with ASDs, with high subclinical autistic traits) (c) unaffected co-twins (with neither ASDs nor BAP) (d) controls. Results Children in the ASD and BAP groups scored significantly higher than controls for all parent-rated (although not child-rated) anxiety subscales. There were no significant differences between the ASD and BAP groups for any of the parent-rated anxiety subscales. Compared with controls, unaffected co-twins showed significantly heightened Social Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety, and Panic symptoms. Significant associations were observed between certain anxiety subscales and both IQ and ASD symptoms. For example, greater parent-rated Social Anxiety was associated with higher IQ and increased social and communicative impairments. Significant interrater correlations were observed for anxiety reports in children with ASDs (r = .27–.54; p .01), their unaffected co-twins (r = .32–.63; p .01) and controls (r = .23–.43; p .01) suggesting that children in this sample with and without ASD symptoms were able to report on their anxiety symptoms with some accuracy. Conclusions These findings support previous reports of heightened anxiety in children with ASDs, at least on parent-reported measures. Unaffected co-twins of children with ASDs also showed increased anxiety, generating questions about the potential etiological overlap between ASDs and anxiety. Progress in this area now depends on more refined anxiety measurement in ASDs and continued investigation of interrater differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=217 Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy: Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC: RFAB longitudinal twin project / Bridget M. BERTOLDI in Development and Psychopathology, 34-3 (August 2022)
[article]
Titre : Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy: Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC: RFAB longitudinal twin project Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bridget M. BERTOLDI, Auteur ; Emily R. PERKINS, Auteur ; Catherine TUVBLAD, Auteur ; Sofi OSKARSSON, Auteur ; Mark D. KRAMER, Auteur ; Robert D. LATZMAN, Auteur ; Laura A. BAKER, Auteur ; Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Christopher J. PATRICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1088-1103 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : antisocial behavior longitudinal design psychopathy triarchic model twin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420002060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485
in Development and Psychopathology > 34-3 (August 2022) . - p.1088-1103[article] Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy: Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC: RFAB longitudinal twin project [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bridget M. BERTOLDI, Auteur ; Emily R. PERKINS, Auteur ; Catherine TUVBLAD, Auteur ; Sofi OSKARSSON, Auteur ; Mark D. KRAMER, Auteur ; Robert D. LATZMAN, Auteur ; Laura A. BAKER, Auteur ; Adrian RAINE, Auteur ; Christopher J. PATRICK, Auteur . - p.1088-1103.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 34-3 (August 2022) . - p.1088-1103
Mots-clés : antisocial behavior longitudinal design psychopathy triarchic model twin Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420002060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485 The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits / Corina U. GREVEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)
[article]
Titre : The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Andrew MERWOOD, Auteur ; Jolanda M. J. VAN DER MEER, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.523-531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder quantitative trait twin extremes positive genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene-hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a ‘positive genetics’ model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits. Methods In a population-representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression. Results Low extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23–35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high-extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39–51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes. Conclusions Shared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene-environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit-based model of intervention, but congruent with a population-level approach to improving youth wellbeing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.523-531[article] The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Andrew MERWOOD, Auteur ; Jolanda M. J. VAN DER MEER, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur . - p.523-531.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.523-531
Mots-clés : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder quantitative trait twin extremes positive genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene-hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a ‘positive genetics’ model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits. Methods In a population-representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression. Results Low extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23–35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high-extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39–51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes. Conclusions Shared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene-environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit-based model of intervention, but congruent with a population-level approach to improving youth wellbeing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285