4 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Uganda'

Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda / Emmanuel BONNEY in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191 Titre : Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emmanuel BONNEY, Auteur ; Catherine ABBO, Auteur ; Collin OGARA, Auteur ; Michele E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.183-191 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Blacks  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Sex Characteristics  Uganda/epidemiology  Africa  Uganda  age of diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9 ± 4.0) years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1 year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda [texte imprimé] / Emmanuel BONNEY, Auteur ; Catherine ABBO, Auteur ; Collin OGARA, Auteur ; Michele E. VILLALOBOS, Auteur ; Jed T. ELISON, Auteur . - p.183-191. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.183-191 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Blacks  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Humans  Male  Retrospective Studies  Sex Characteristics  Uganda/epidemiology  Africa  Uganda  age of diagnosis  autism spectrum disorder  sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t-test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty-seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9 ± 4.0) years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = -2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1 year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2645 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Adaptation of the “ten questions” to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda / Angelina KAKOOZA-MWESIGE in Autism, 18-4 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 18-4 (May 2014) . - p.447-457 Titre : Adaptation of the “ten questions” to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Angelina KAKOOZA-MWESIGE, Auteur ; Keron SSEBYALA, Auteur ; Charles KARAMAGI, Auteur ; Sarah KIGULI, Auteur ; Karen SMITH, Auteur ; Meredith C. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Edwin TREVATHAN, Auteur ; Robin L. HANSEN, Auteur ; Daniel SMITH, Auteur ; Judith K. GRETHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.447-457 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder screening and assessment  developing countries  low- and middle-income countries  neurodevelopmental disorder screening and assessment  Uganda Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodevelopmental disorders are recognized to be relatively common in developing countries but little data exist for planning effective prevention and intervention strategies. In particular, data on autism spectrum disorders are lacking. For application in Uganda, we developed a 23-question screener (23Q) that includes the Ten Questions screener and additional questions on autism spectrum disorder behaviors. We then conducted household screening of 1169 children, 2–9 years of age, followed by clinical assessment of children who screened positive and a sample of those who screened negative to evaluate the validity of the screener. We found that 320 children (27% of the total) screened positive and 68 children received a clinical diagnosis of one or more moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder; cerebral palsy; epilepsy; cognitive, speech and language, hearing, or vision impairment), including 8 children with autism spectrum disorders. Prevalence and validity of the screener were evaluated under different statistical assumptions. Sensitivity of the 23Q ranged from 0.55 to 0.80 and prevalence for ≥1 neurodevelopmental disorders from 7.7/100 children to 12.8/100 children depending on which assumptions were used. The combination of screening positive on both autism spectrum disorders and Ten Questions items was modestly successful in identifying a subgroup of children at especially high risk of autism spectrum disorders. We recommend that autism spectrum disorders and related behavioral disorders be included in studies of neurodevelopmental disorders in low-resource settings to obtain essential data for planning local and global public health responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313475848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 [article] Adaptation of the “ten questions” to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda [texte imprimé] / Angelina KAKOOZA-MWESIGE, Auteur ; Keron SSEBYALA, Auteur ; Charles KARAMAGI, Auteur ; Sarah KIGULI, Auteur ; Karen SMITH, Auteur ; Meredith C. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Edwin TREVATHAN, Auteur ; Robin L. HANSEN, Auteur ; Daniel SMITH, Auteur ; Judith K. GRETHER, Auteur . - p.447-457. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 18-4 (May 2014) . - p.447-457 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder screening and assessment  developing countries  low- and middle-income countries  neurodevelopmental disorder screening and assessment  Uganda Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodevelopmental disorders are recognized to be relatively common in developing countries but little data exist for planning effective prevention and intervention strategies. In particular, data on autism spectrum disorders are lacking. For application in Uganda, we developed a 23-question screener (23Q) that includes the Ten Questions screener and additional questions on autism spectrum disorder behaviors. We then conducted household screening of 1169 children, 2–9 years of age, followed by clinical assessment of children who screened positive and a sample of those who screened negative to evaluate the validity of the screener. We found that 320 children (27% of the total) screened positive and 68 children received a clinical diagnosis of one or more moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder; cerebral palsy; epilepsy; cognitive, speech and language, hearing, or vision impairment), including 8 children with autism spectrum disorders. Prevalence and validity of the screener were evaluated under different statistical assumptions. Sensitivity of the 23Q ranged from 0.55 to 0.80 and prevalence for ≥1 neurodevelopmental disorders from 7.7/100 children to 12.8/100 children depending on which assumptions were used. The combination of screening positive on both autism spectrum disorders and Ten Questions items was modestly successful in identifying a subgroup of children at especially high risk of autism spectrum disorders. We recommend that autism spectrum disorders and related behavioral disorders be included in studies of neurodevelopmental disorders in low-resource settings to obtain essential data for planning local and global public health responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313475848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232

Community Perceptions of the Causes of Autism and Help-Seeking Responses: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study Across Northern Uganda / Jonathan VINCENT in Autism, 30-6 (June 2026)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 30-6 (June 2026) . - p.1430-1442 Titre : Community Perceptions of the Causes of Autism and Help-Seeking Responses: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study Across Northern Uganda Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jonathan VINCENT, Auteur ; Diana KAJJUMBA, Auteur ; Richard AMONE, Auteur ; Edward John ESTLIN, Auteur ; Kennedy Kosko OKELLO, Auteur ; Franceska AKELLO, Auteur ; James OKELLO, Auteur ; Richard IDRO, Auteur ; Catherine ABBO, Auteur ; Simple OUMA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1430-1442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Africa  autism  causes  disability  qualitative research  Uganda Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding the causes of autism in sub-Saharan Africa remains limited, contributing to stigma and delayed identification. This multi-site qualitative study examined community explanatory models of autism and related help-seeking practices in Northern Uganda. Data were generated through 25 semi-structured interviews and 4 focus group discussions (N = 64) across 1 urban and 2 rural districts in the Acholi sub-region. Participants included autistic young people, caregivers, health and education professionals, community, cultural and religious leaders, and government representatives. Data were analysed inductively. Four interrelated themes were identified: unknown causes, supernatural explanations, biopsychosocial attributions, and help-seeking pathways. Autism was frequently misunderstood and conflated with ‘mental illness’ or general learning difficulties. Supernatural accounts, such as witchcraft, curses, and divine punishment, were prevalent and often gendered, with mothers disproportionately blamed. Biopsychosocial explanations included contraceptive use, obstetric complications, genetic factors, and post-conflict trauma. These causal beliefs shaped different help-seeking trajectories, typically prioritising religious and traditional interventions before biomedical care. Stigmatising interpretations were linked to social exclusion, neglect, physical abuse, and, in extreme cases, infanticide. Findings highlight the entanglement of cultural, spiritual, and biomedical models in a post-conflict, low-resource context. Interventions addressing misconceptions and maternal blame may reduce stigma, support earlier identification, and prevent avoidable harms.Lay Abstract This study looked at how people in Northern Uganda think about autism and what they believe causes it. Researchers spoke with 25 people through one-on-one interviews and 4 group discussions (with 8–10 people per group for a total of 39 people) in 3 districts of the Acholi region of Uganda, covering both urban and rural areas. The data were transcribed and interpreted to understand what seemed most important across all the participants from the interviews and focus groups. Four main themes were identified: (1) Unknown causes, (2) Supernatural causes, (3) Biopsychosocial causes, and (4) Help-seeking responses. Overall, the study found that autism is often poorly understood. Many participants linked it to supernatural explanations, such as witchcraft or punishment from God. Mothers were often blamed and seen as responsible for their child’s condition. People also pointed to wider influences, including modern medical interventions and the long-term effects of war and displacement, as possible causes. These beliefs led to traditional, religious, and modern medical help-seeking responses. Where families followed traditional responses, this could have serious consequences, including harm or even death for the child. This study highlights the importance of working with communities in culturally respectful ways to better understand their perspectives. This can lead to earlier recognition, reduced stigmatisation, better education, and stronger support. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261434571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=586 [article] Community Perceptions of the Causes of Autism and Help-Seeking Responses: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study Across Northern Uganda [texte imprimé] / Jonathan VINCENT, Auteur ; Diana KAJJUMBA, Auteur ; Richard AMONE, Auteur ; Edward John ESTLIN, Auteur ; Kennedy Kosko OKELLO, Auteur ; Franceska AKELLO, Auteur ; James OKELLO, Auteur ; Richard IDRO, Auteur ; Catherine ABBO, Auteur ; Simple OUMA, Auteur . - p.1430-1442. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 30-6 (June 2026) . - p.1430-1442 Mots-clés : Africa  autism  causes  disability  qualitative research  Uganda Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding the causes of autism in sub-Saharan Africa remains limited, contributing to stigma and delayed identification. This multi-site qualitative study examined community explanatory models of autism and related help-seeking practices in Northern Uganda. Data were generated through 25 semi-structured interviews and 4 focus group discussions (N = 64) across 1 urban and 2 rural districts in the Acholi sub-region. Participants included autistic young people, caregivers, health and education professionals, community, cultural and religious leaders, and government representatives. Data were analysed inductively. Four interrelated themes were identified: unknown causes, supernatural explanations, biopsychosocial attributions, and help-seeking pathways. Autism was frequently misunderstood and conflated with ‘mental illness’ or general learning difficulties. Supernatural accounts, such as witchcraft, curses, and divine punishment, were prevalent and often gendered, with mothers disproportionately blamed. Biopsychosocial explanations included contraceptive use, obstetric complications, genetic factors, and post-conflict trauma. These causal beliefs shaped different help-seeking trajectories, typically prioritising religious and traditional interventions before biomedical care. Stigmatising interpretations were linked to social exclusion, neglect, physical abuse, and, in extreme cases, infanticide. Findings highlight the entanglement of cultural, spiritual, and biomedical models in a post-conflict, low-resource context. Interventions addressing misconceptions and maternal blame may reduce stigma, support earlier identification, and prevent avoidable harms.Lay Abstract This study looked at how people in Northern Uganda think about autism and what they believe causes it. Researchers spoke with 25 people through one-on-one interviews and 4 group discussions (with 8–10 people per group for a total of 39 people) in 3 districts of the Acholi region of Uganda, covering both urban and rural areas. The data were transcribed and interpreted to understand what seemed most important across all the participants from the interviews and focus groups. Four main themes were identified: (1) Unknown causes, (2) Supernatural causes, (3) Biopsychosocial causes, and (4) Help-seeking responses. Overall, the study found that autism is often poorly understood. Many participants linked it to supernatural explanations, such as witchcraft or punishment from God. Mothers were often blamed and seen as responsible for their child’s condition. People also pointed to wider influences, including modern medical interventions and the long-term effects of war and displacement, as possible causes. These beliefs led to traditional, religious, and modern medical help-seeking responses. Where families followed traditional responses, this could have serious consequences, including harm or even death for the child. This study highlights the importance of working with communities in culturally respectful ways to better understand their perspectives. This can lead to earlier recognition, reduced stigmatisation, better education, and stronger support. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613261434571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=586

The longitudinal impact of an evidence-based multiple family group intervention (Amaka Amasanyufu) on oppositional defiant disorder and impaired functioning among children in Uganda: analysis of a cluster randomized trial from the SMART Africa-Uganda scale-up study (2016-2022) / Rachel BRATHWAITE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-11 (November 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1252-1260 Titre : The longitudinal impact of an evidence-based multiple family group intervention (Amaka Amasanyufu) on oppositional defiant disorder and impaired functioning among children in Uganda: analysis of a cluster randomized trial from the SMART Africa-Uganda scale-up study (2016-2022) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel BRATHWAITE, Auteur ; Fred M. SSEWAMALA, Auteur ; Ozge SENSOY BAHAR, Auteur ; Mary M. MCKAY, Auteur ; Torsten B. NEILANDS, Auteur ; Phionah NAMATOVU, Auteur ; Joshua KIYINGI, Auteur ; Lily ZMACHINSKI, Auteur ; Josephine NABAYINDA, Auteur ; Keng-Yen HUANG, Auteur ; Apollo KIVUMBI, Auteur ; Arvin BHANA, Auteur ; Abel MWEBEMBEZI, Auteur ; Inge PETERSEN, Auteur ; Kimberly HOAGWOOD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1252-1260 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  Adolescent  Humans  Adult  Uganda  Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/therapy  Schools  Parents  Oppositional defiant disorders  Randomized Controlled Trial  children and adolescents  family relationships  intervention  sub-Saharan Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Oppositional Defiant Disorders (ODDs) and other Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) are common among children and adolescents in poverty-impacted communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Without early intervention, its progression into adulthood can result in dire consequences. We examined the impact of a manualized family strengthening intervention called Amaka Amasanyufu designed to reduce ODDs and other DBDs among school-going children residing in low-resource communities in Uganda. METHODS: We used longitudinal data from the SMART Africa-Uganda study (2016-2022). Public primary schools were randomized to: (1) Control condition (receiving usual care comprising generalized psychosocial functioning literature), 10 schools; (2) intervention delivered via parent peers (Amaka-parents), 8 schools or; (3) intervention delivered via community healthcare workers (Amaka-community), 8 schools. All the participants were blinded. At baseline, 8- and 16-weeks postintervention initiation, caregivers completed the Iowa Conners Scale, which measured Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Impairment Rating Scale to evaluate children's overall impairment and impaired functioning with peers, siblings, and parents; impaired academic progress, self-esteem, and family functioning. Three-level linear mixed-effects models were fitted to each outcome. Pairwise comparisons of postbaseline group means within each time point were performed using Sidak's adjustment for multiple comparisons. Only children positive for ODD and other DBDs were analyzed. RESULTS: Six hundred and thirty-six children screened positive for ODDs and other DBDs (Controls: n=243; Amaka-parents: n=194; Amaka-community: n=199). At 8 weeks, Amaka-parents' children had significantly lower mean scores for overall impairment compared to controls, (mean difference: -0.71, p=.001), while Amaka-community children performed better on ODD (mean difference: -0.84, p=.016). At 16 weeks, children in both groups were performing better on ODD and IRS than controls, and there were no significant differences between the two intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: The Amaka Amasanyufu intervention was efficacious in reducing ODD and impaired functioning relative to usual care. Hence, the Amaka Amasanyufu intervention delivered either by Amaka-community or Amaka-parents has the potential to reduce negative behavioral health outcomes among young people in resource-limited settings and improve family functioning. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03081195. Registered on 16 March 2017. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490 [article] The longitudinal impact of an evidence-based multiple family group intervention (Amaka Amasanyufu) on oppositional defiant disorder and impaired functioning among children in Uganda: analysis of a cluster randomized trial from the SMART Africa-Uganda scale-up study (2016-2022) [texte imprimé] / Rachel BRATHWAITE, Auteur ; Fred M. SSEWAMALA, Auteur ; Ozge SENSOY BAHAR, Auteur ; Mary M. MCKAY, Auteur ; Torsten B. NEILANDS, Auteur ; Phionah NAMATOVU, Auteur ; Joshua KIYINGI, Auteur ; Lily ZMACHINSKI, Auteur ; Josephine NABAYINDA, Auteur ; Keng-Yen HUANG, Auteur ; Apollo KIVUMBI, Auteur ; Arvin BHANA, Auteur ; Abel MWEBEMBEZI, Auteur ; Inge PETERSEN, Auteur ; Kimberly HOAGWOOD, Auteur . - p.1252-1260. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-11 (November 2022) . - p.1252-1260 Mots-clés : Child  Adolescent  Humans  Adult  Uganda  Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/therapy  Schools  Parents  Oppositional defiant disorders  Randomized Controlled Trial  children and adolescents  family relationships  intervention  sub-Saharan Africa Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Oppositional Defiant Disorders (ODDs) and other Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBDs) are common among children and adolescents in poverty-impacted communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Without early intervention, its progression into adulthood can result in dire consequences. We examined the impact of a manualized family strengthening intervention called Amaka Amasanyufu designed to reduce ODDs and other DBDs among school-going children residing in low-resource communities in Uganda. METHODS: We used longitudinal data from the SMART Africa-Uganda study (2016-2022). Public primary schools were randomized to: (1) Control condition (receiving usual care comprising generalized psychosocial functioning literature), 10 schools; (2) intervention delivered via parent peers (Amaka-parents), 8 schools or; (3) intervention delivered via community healthcare workers (Amaka-community), 8 schools. All the participants were blinded. At baseline, 8- and 16-weeks postintervention initiation, caregivers completed the Iowa Conners Scale, which measured Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Impairment Rating Scale to evaluate children's overall impairment and impaired functioning with peers, siblings, and parents; impaired academic progress, self-esteem, and family functioning. Three-level linear mixed-effects models were fitted to each outcome. Pairwise comparisons of postbaseline group means within each time point were performed using Sidak's adjustment for multiple comparisons. Only children positive for ODD and other DBDs were analyzed. RESULTS: Six hundred and thirty-six children screened positive for ODDs and other DBDs (Controls: n=243; Amaka-parents: n=194; Amaka-community: n=199). At 8 weeks, Amaka-parents' children had significantly lower mean scores for overall impairment compared to controls, (mean difference: -0.71, p=.001), while Amaka-community children performed better on ODD (mean difference: -0.84, p=.016). At 16 weeks, children in both groups were performing better on ODD and IRS than controls, and there were no significant differences between the two intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: The Amaka Amasanyufu intervention was efficacious in reducing ODD and impaired functioning relative to usual care. Hence, the Amaka Amasanyufu intervention delivered either by Amaka-community or Amaka-parents has the potential to reduce negative behavioral health outcomes among young people in resource-limited settings and improve family functioning. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03081195. Registered on 16 March 2017. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=490