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Commentary: Not just genes – reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016) / Tony CHARMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)
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Titre : Commentary: Not just genes – reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.293-295 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions autism spectrum disorders genetics environment aetiology neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mandy and Lai (2015) do the field a service in ‘reclaiming’ the role of pre- and postnatal environmental influences on the aetiology and course of autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This follows several decades where now discredited theories about putative psychogenic and biological disease models held sway, not least in the public mind. We discuss issues that arise from their review; including the need to identify how large the environmental influences on ASC are likely to be; the specificity of these environmental influences to ASC as opposed to a broader range of neurodevelopmental conditions and outcomes; how best to study complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences; and the promise of novel insights into their mechanisms of action. The review highlights current research that aims to better our understanding of the role of environmental factors in the aetiology and course of ASC and, in the near future, may offer the potential for personalised medicine approaches to intervention based on these discoveries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.293-295[article] Commentary: Not just genes – reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.293-295.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-3 (March 2016) . - p.293-295
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum conditions autism spectrum disorders genetics environment aetiology neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mandy and Lai (2015) do the field a service in ‘reclaiming’ the role of pre- and postnatal environmental influences on the aetiology and course of autism spectrum conditions (ASC). This follows several decades where now discredited theories about putative psychogenic and biological disease models held sway, not least in the public mind. We discuss issues that arise from their review; including the need to identify how large the environmental influences on ASC are likely to be; the specificity of these environmental influences to ASC as opposed to a broader range of neurodevelopmental conditions and outcomes; how best to study complex interactions between genetic and environmental influences; and the promise of novel insights into their mechanisms of action. The review highlights current research that aims to better our understanding of the role of environmental factors in the aetiology and course of ASC and, in the near future, may offer the potential for personalised medicine approaches to intervention based on these discoveries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12527 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=282 Profiling depression in childhood and adolescence: the role of conduct problems / Lucy RIGLIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)
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Titre : Profiling depression in childhood and adolescence: the role of conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Katherine H. SHELTON, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Norah FREDERICKSON, Auteur ; Frances RICE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.481-490 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression aetiology heterogeneity conduct problems genetic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression is typically more common in females and rates rise around puberty. However, studies of children and adolescents suggest that depression accompanied by conduct problems may represent a different subtype not characterised by a female preponderance, with differing risk factors and genetic architecture compared to pure-depression. This study aimed to identify aetiologically distinct profiles of depressive symptoms, distinguished by the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. Methods Latent profile analysis was conducted on a school sample of 1648 children (11–12 years) and replicated in a sample of 2006 twins (8–17 years). Results In both samples pure-depressive and conduct-depressive profiles were identified. The pure-depressive profile was associated with female gender, while the conduct-depressive profile was associated with lower cognitive ability but not with gender. Twin analyses indicated possible differences in genetic aetiology. Conclusions There was evidence for aetiologically heterogeneous depression symptom profiles based on the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.481-490[article] Profiling depression in childhood and adolescence: the role of conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur ; Katherine H. SHELTON, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Norah FREDERICKSON, Auteur ; Frances RICE, Auteur . - p.481-490.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.481-490
Mots-clés : Depression aetiology heterogeneity conduct problems genetic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression is typically more common in females and rates rise around puberty. However, studies of children and adolescents suggest that depression accompanied by conduct problems may represent a different subtype not characterised by a female preponderance, with differing risk factors and genetic architecture compared to pure-depression. This study aimed to identify aetiologically distinct profiles of depressive symptoms, distinguished by the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. Methods Latent profile analysis was conducted on a school sample of 1648 children (11–12 years) and replicated in a sample of 2006 twins (8–17 years). Results In both samples pure-depressive and conduct-depressive profiles were identified. The pure-depressive profile was associated with female gender, while the conduct-depressive profile was associated with lower cognitive ability but not with gender. Twin analyses indicated possible differences in genetic aetiology. Conclusions There was evidence for aetiologically heterogeneous depression symptom profiles based on the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12465 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 Reciprocal links between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth: a longitudinal twin study / G. KREBS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-9 (September 2020)
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Titre : Reciprocal links between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth: a longitudinal twin study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : G. KREBS, Auteur ; L. J. HANNIGAN, Auteur ; A. M. GREGORY, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; T. C. ELEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.979-987 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Obsessive-compulsive disorder adolescence aetiology anxiety sensitivity genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Anxiety sensitivity, the tendency to fear the symptoms of anxiety, is a key risk factor for the development anxiety disorders. Although obsessive-compulsive disorder was previously classified as an anxiety disorder, the prospective relationship between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) has been largely overlooked. Furthermore, a lack of genetically informative studies means the aetiology of the link between anxiety sensitivity and OCS remains unclear. METHODS: Adolescent twins and siblings (N = 1,579) from the G1219 study completed self-report questionnaires two years apart assessing anxiety sensitivity, OCS, anxiety and depression. Linear regression models tested prospective associations between anxiety sensitivity and OCS, with and without adjustment for anxiety and depressive symptoms. A phenotypic cross-lagged model assessed bidirectional influences between anxiety sensitivity and OCS over time, and a genetic version of this model examined the aetiology of these associations. RESULTS: Anxiety sensitivity was prospectively associated with changes in OCS, even after controlling for comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. The longitudinal relationship between anxiety sensitivity and OCS was bidirectional, and these associations were predominantly accounted for by nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with the notion that anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor for OCS during adolescence, but also suggest that experiencing OCS confers risk for heightened anxiety sensitivity. The reciprocal links between OCS and anxiety sensitivity over time are likely to be largely mediated by nonshared environmental experiences, as opposed to common genes. Our findings raise the possibility that interventions aimed at ameliorating anxiety sensitivity could reduce risk for OCS, and vice versa. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13183 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-9 (September 2020) . - p.979-987[article] Reciprocal links between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth: a longitudinal twin study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / G. KREBS, Auteur ; L. J. HANNIGAN, Auteur ; A. M. GREGORY, Auteur ; Frühling V. RIJSDIJK, Auteur ; T. C. ELEY, Auteur . - p.979-987.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-9 (September 2020) . - p.979-987
Mots-clés : Obsessive-compulsive disorder adolescence aetiology anxiety sensitivity genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Anxiety sensitivity, the tendency to fear the symptoms of anxiety, is a key risk factor for the development anxiety disorders. Although obsessive-compulsive disorder was previously classified as an anxiety disorder, the prospective relationship between anxiety sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) has been largely overlooked. Furthermore, a lack of genetically informative studies means the aetiology of the link between anxiety sensitivity and OCS remains unclear. METHODS: Adolescent twins and siblings (N = 1,579) from the G1219 study completed self-report questionnaires two years apart assessing anxiety sensitivity, OCS, anxiety and depression. Linear regression models tested prospective associations between anxiety sensitivity and OCS, with and without adjustment for anxiety and depressive symptoms. A phenotypic cross-lagged model assessed bidirectional influences between anxiety sensitivity and OCS over time, and a genetic version of this model examined the aetiology of these associations. RESULTS: Anxiety sensitivity was prospectively associated with changes in OCS, even after controlling for comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms. The longitudinal relationship between anxiety sensitivity and OCS was bidirectional, and these associations were predominantly accounted for by nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with the notion that anxiety sensitivity is a risk factor for OCS during adolescence, but also suggest that experiencing OCS confers risk for heightened anxiety sensitivity. The reciprocal links between OCS and anxiety sensitivity over time are likely to be largely mediated by nonshared environmental experiences, as opposed to common genes. Our findings raise the possibility that interventions aimed at ameliorating anxiety sensitivity could reduce risk for OCS, and vice versa. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13183 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=430 Editorial Perspective: Why I am now convinced that emotional disorders are increasingly common among young people in many countries / Tamsin FORD in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-11 (November 2020)
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Titre : Editorial Perspective: Why I am now convinced that emotional disorders are increasingly common among young people in many countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tamsin FORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1275-1277 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Epidemiologic studies aetiology implementation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This editorial perspective comments on the evidence that mental health is deteriorating among children and young people at the same time as the impact of poor mental health is more impairing. It discusses the methodological difficulties in detecting a 'true' change in prevalence. There are particular gaps in the evidence from low- and middle-income countries and also in relation to autism spectrum disorders. The evidence in high-income countries points to recent increases in anxiety, depression and self-harm in teenagers, particularly young women. We need more longitudinal data to disentangle the potential explanations for these changes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13211 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-11 (November 2020) . - p.1275-1277[article] Editorial Perspective: Why I am now convinced that emotional disorders are increasingly common among young people in many countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tamsin FORD, Auteur . - p.1275-1277.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-11 (November 2020) . - p.1275-1277
Mots-clés : Epidemiologic studies aetiology implementation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This editorial perspective comments on the evidence that mental health is deteriorating among children and young people at the same time as the impact of poor mental health is more impairing. It discusses the methodological difficulties in detecting a 'true' change in prevalence. There are particular gaps in the evidence from low- and middle-income countries and also in relation to autism spectrum disorders. The evidence in high-income countries points to recent increases in anxiety, depression and self-harm in teenagers, particularly young women. We need more longitudinal data to disentangle the potential explanations for these changes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13211 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=434 Genetic and environmental influences on the stability of psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in adolescence / L. HAVERS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-7 (July 2019)
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Titre : Genetic and environmental influences on the stability of psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. HAVERS, Auteur ; M. J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; A. RONALD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.784-792 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence aetiology development mental health psychosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences (PEs) such as paranoia and hallucinations, and negative symptoms (NS) such as anhedonia and flat affect are common in adolescence. Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms (PENS) increase risk for later psychiatric outcomes, particularly when they persist. The extent to which genetic and environmental influences contribute to the stability of PENS in mid-to-late adolescence is unknown. METHODS: Using the Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ) twice across ~9 months in adolescence, N = 1,448 twin pairs [M = 16.32 (0.68)] reported experiences of paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity and anhedonia, and their parents reported on a range of NS. Individuals were split into low-scoring, decreasing, increasing and persistent groups for each subscale. Frequencies and mean differences in distress, depression traits and emotional problems were investigated across groups. Longitudinal structural equation modelling was used to estimate the aetiological components underlying the stability of PENS. RESULTS: Phenotypic stability was moderate for all PENS (r = .59-.69). Persistent PENS across 9 months were associated with greater levels of distress (V = 0.15-0.46, for PEs only), depression traits (d = 0.47-1.67, except grandiosity) and emotional problems (d = 0.47-1.47, except grandiosity and anhedonia) at baseline compared to groups with transitory or low levels of PENS. At both ages PENS were heritable and influenced by shared and nonshared environment. Genetic influences contributed 38%-62% and shared environment contributed 13%-33% to the stability of PENS. Nonshared environment contributed 34%-41% (12% for parent-rated NS). There was strong overlap of genetic and shared environmental influences across time, and lower overlap for nonshared environment. Imperfect stability of PENS was at least partly due to nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: When adolescent PENS persist over time, they are often characterized by more distress, and higher levels of other psychopathology. Both genetic and environmental effects influence stability of PENS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13045 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-7 (July 2019) . - p.784-792[article] Genetic and environmental influences on the stability of psychotic experiences and negative symptoms in adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. HAVERS, Auteur ; M. J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; A. RONALD, Auteur . - p.784-792.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-7 (July 2019) . - p.784-792
Mots-clés : Adolescence aetiology development mental health psychosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences (PEs) such as paranoia and hallucinations, and negative symptoms (NS) such as anhedonia and flat affect are common in adolescence. Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms (PENS) increase risk for later psychiatric outcomes, particularly when they persist. The extent to which genetic and environmental influences contribute to the stability of PENS in mid-to-late adolescence is unknown. METHODS: Using the Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ) twice across ~9 months in adolescence, N = 1,448 twin pairs [M = 16.32 (0.68)] reported experiences of paranoia, hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, grandiosity and anhedonia, and their parents reported on a range of NS. Individuals were split into low-scoring, decreasing, increasing and persistent groups for each subscale. Frequencies and mean differences in distress, depression traits and emotional problems were investigated across groups. Longitudinal structural equation modelling was used to estimate the aetiological components underlying the stability of PENS. RESULTS: Phenotypic stability was moderate for all PENS (r = .59-.69). Persistent PENS across 9 months were associated with greater levels of distress (V = 0.15-0.46, for PEs only), depression traits (d = 0.47-1.67, except grandiosity) and emotional problems (d = 0.47-1.47, except grandiosity and anhedonia) at baseline compared to groups with transitory or low levels of PENS. At both ages PENS were heritable and influenced by shared and nonshared environment. Genetic influences contributed 38%-62% and shared environment contributed 13%-33% to the stability of PENS. Nonshared environment contributed 34%-41% (12% for parent-rated NS). There was strong overlap of genetic and shared environmental influences across time, and lower overlap for nonshared environment. Imperfect stability of PENS was at least partly due to nonshared environmental influences. CONCLUSIONS: When adolescent PENS persist over time, they are often characterized by more distress, and higher levels of other psychopathology. Both genetic and environmental effects influence stability of PENS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13045 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=401 Parenting and social anxiety: fathers’ versus mothers’ influence on their children’s anxiety in ambiguous social situations / Susan M. BOGELS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-5 (May 2011)
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