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Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () / Jane E. COSTELLO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)
[article]
Titre : Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jane E. COSTELLO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.366-369 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Epidemiology etiology global prevalence child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If you are an epidemiologist, professionally interested in patterns of the distribution of disease in time and space, the first question you will be asked is ‘how many?’ What is the ‘prevalence rate’ of ADHD? How many children have autism? The second question will be ‘are there more nowadays?’ Is there an epidemic of childhood depression? Is the rate of conduct disorder increasing? This seems to be the main use that clinicians and clinical researchers make of epidemiology. So epidemiology is seen as important for some purposes but, somehow, not scientifically relevant to the real job of treatment. According to this view, epidemiology's value lies in telling us how bad a problem is (the ‘burden of disease’), how many affected people are getting treatment, and what the likely costs are. All useful stuff, but not getting us any nearer to the holy grail of understanding causes and cures of the ‘diseases of the world’. In their ‘meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents’, Polanczyk and colleagues (Polanczyk et al., 2015, this issue) demonstrate just how partial and mistaken this view of epidemiology is. Polanczyk et al. have indeed provided a most valuable and thorough review of the descriptive issues that bureaucrats obsess about. But in the process they have illuminated several areas that are of real importance for the etiologic questions that scientists need to have answered if we are to make breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of child and adolescent psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.366-369[article] Commentary: ‘Diseases of the world’: from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology – a commentary on Polanczyk et al. () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jane E. COSTELLO, Auteur . - p.366-369.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.366-369
Mots-clés : Epidemiology etiology global prevalence child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : If you are an epidemiologist, professionally interested in patterns of the distribution of disease in time and space, the first question you will be asked is ‘how many?’ What is the ‘prevalence rate’ of ADHD? How many children have autism? The second question will be ‘are there more nowadays?’ Is there an epidemic of childhood depression? Is the rate of conduct disorder increasing? This seems to be the main use that clinicians and clinical researchers make of epidemiology. So epidemiology is seen as important for some purposes but, somehow, not scientifically relevant to the real job of treatment. According to this view, epidemiology's value lies in telling us how bad a problem is (the ‘burden of disease’), how many affected people are getting treatment, and what the likely costs are. All useful stuff, but not getting us any nearer to the holy grail of understanding causes and cures of the ‘diseases of the world’. In their ‘meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents’, Polanczyk and colleagues (Polanczyk et al., 2015, this issue) demonstrate just how partial and mistaken this view of epidemiology is. Polanczyk et al. have indeed provided a most valuable and thorough review of the descriptive issues that bureaucrats obsess about. But in the process they have illuminated several areas that are of real importance for the etiologic questions that scientists need to have answered if we are to make breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of child and adolescent psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12402 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 Commentary: Seeing the forest of knowledge for the trees of associations – a commentary on Costello and Maughan () / Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-3 (March 2015)
[article]
Titre : Commentary: Seeing the forest of knowledge for the trees of associations – a commentary on Costello and Maughan () Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.342-344 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Development trajectory child mental health disorders ADHD disruptive disorders substance abuse early life predictors outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Costello and Maughan have written an excellent and highly informative review on outcomes of child and adolescent emotional, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, disruptive and substance use disorders, which is very much worth a read. The review confirms the notion that child and adolescent mental illnesses have a highly heterogeneous course. The majority of the children and adolescents with mental illnesses will keep having (residual) problems later in their lives but this developmental trajectory is by no means deterministic; adult mental health and functioning within the normal range is prevalent as well, particularly among adolescent substance abusers. This is hopeful since it suggests that there is room for improvement, and calls for identification of good early-life predictors of long-term outcomes to make optimally informed decisions about who will probably end up in a favorable trajectory spontaneously and who will need treatment to achieve that. The current state of knowledge with regard to these long-tern predictions still shows many gaps, and Costello and Maughan hence conclude that ‘there is a need for further research on optimal outcomes both within specific diagnostic groups and across child psychopathology as a whole’ There is a need for further knowledge on this issue indeed, but how should we proceed to gain that knowledge? Are there lessons to be learnt from the past? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.342-344[article] Commentary: Seeing the forest of knowledge for the trees of associations – a commentary on Costello and Maughan () [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Albertine J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur . - p.342-344.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-3 (March 2015) . - p.342-344
Mots-clés : Development trajectory child mental health disorders ADHD disruptive disorders substance abuse early life predictors outcomes Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Costello and Maughan have written an excellent and highly informative review on outcomes of child and adolescent emotional, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, disruptive and substance use disorders, which is very much worth a read. The review confirms the notion that child and adolescent mental illnesses have a highly heterogeneous course. The majority of the children and adolescents with mental illnesses will keep having (residual) problems later in their lives but this developmental trajectory is by no means deterministic; adult mental health and functioning within the normal range is prevalent as well, particularly among adolescent substance abusers. This is hopeful since it suggests that there is room for improvement, and calls for identification of good early-life predictors of long-term outcomes to make optimally informed decisions about who will probably end up in a favorable trajectory spontaneously and who will need treatment to achieve that. The current state of knowledge with regard to these long-tern predictions still shows many gaps, and Costello and Maughan hence conclude that ‘there is a need for further research on optimal outcomes both within specific diagnostic groups and across child psychopathology as a whole’ There is a need for further knowledge on this issue indeed, but how should we proceed to gain that knowledge? Are there lessons to be learnt from the past? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 Commentary: G × E in child psychiatry and psychology: a broadening of the scope of enquiry as prompted by Munafò et al. (2014) / Michael RUTTER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-10 (October 2014)
[article]
Titre : Commentary: G × E in child psychiatry and psychology: a broadening of the scope of enquiry as prompted by Munafò et al. (2014) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michael RUTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1102-1104 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gene–environment interactions G × E correlations biological pathways child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The accompanying Practitioner Review by Munafò et al. (2014) presents two main arguments: (1) that there are few (if any) examples of G × E in psychiatry so it cannot aid gene discovery, and (2) that genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are already yielding important findings. With respect to the supposed weakness of G × E research, they fail to mention any of the substantial body of evidence in support of G × E – see various chapters in Dodge and Rutter (2011). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12309 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-10 (October 2014) . - p.1102-1104[article] Commentary: G × E in child psychiatry and psychology: a broadening of the scope of enquiry as prompted by Munafò et al. (2014) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michael RUTTER, Auteur . - p.1102-1104.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-10 (October 2014) . - p.1102-1104
Mots-clés : Gene–environment interactions G × E correlations biological pathways child mental health disorders Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The accompanying Practitioner Review by Munafò et al. (2014) presents two main arguments: (1) that there are few (if any) examples of G × E in psychiatry so it cannot aid gene discovery, and (2) that genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are already yielding important findings. With respect to the supposed weakness of G × E research, they fail to mention any of the substantial body of evidence in support of G × E – see various chapters in Dodge and Rutter (2011). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12309 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238