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Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population / Ido SHALEV in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 59 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Broad autism phenotype Cognitive empathy Emotional empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Features of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are normally distributed within the population, giving rise to the notion of the autism spectrum. One of the hallmark features of ASC is difficulties in social communication, which relies heavily on our ability to empathize with others. Empathy comprises of both cognitive (CE) and emotional (EE) components that, together, allow us to understand another's emotions and be affected by them appropriately, while maintaining a self-other distinction. Although CE and EE depend on distinct neural and developmental trajectories, it was suggested that the two empathic capacities can influence, balance, and regulate each other. Previous findings regarding the role of emotional and cognitive empathy in ASC have been mixed. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate whether the intra-personal empathy imbalance between the cognitive and emotional components, a measure we termed empathic disequilibrium (ED), can be associated with autism traits at the neurotypical range. METHODS: Participants were 671 young-adults at the neurotypical range who self-reported their empathy, assessed using two highly validated questionnaires-the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Empathy Quotient, autism traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, and the related traits, alexithymia, and systemizing. RESULTS: Controlling for the total empathy score, greater ED was found to be positively correlated with autism traits. Specifically, autism traits were found to be elevated in groups of individuals with relatively higher EE than CE, underscoring their imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a novel perspective on the understanding of the social difficulties associated with autism tendencies in the general population and has potentially important clinical implications for understanding of ASC. We also propose a novel characterization of autism tendencies based on the imbalance between EE and CE, which we term ED, as opposed to examining EE and CE separately. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00362-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 59 p.[article] Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur . - 59 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 59 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Broad autism phenotype Cognitive empathy Emotional empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Features of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are normally distributed within the population, giving rise to the notion of the autism spectrum. One of the hallmark features of ASC is difficulties in social communication, which relies heavily on our ability to empathize with others. Empathy comprises of both cognitive (CE) and emotional (EE) components that, together, allow us to understand another's emotions and be affected by them appropriately, while maintaining a self-other distinction. Although CE and EE depend on distinct neural and developmental trajectories, it was suggested that the two empathic capacities can influence, balance, and regulate each other. Previous findings regarding the role of emotional and cognitive empathy in ASC have been mixed. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate whether the intra-personal empathy imbalance between the cognitive and emotional components, a measure we termed empathic disequilibrium (ED), can be associated with autism traits at the neurotypical range. METHODS: Participants were 671 young-adults at the neurotypical range who self-reported their empathy, assessed using two highly validated questionnaires-the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Empathy Quotient, autism traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, and the related traits, alexithymia, and systemizing. RESULTS: Controlling for the total empathy score, greater ED was found to be positively correlated with autism traits. Specifically, autism traits were found to be elevated in groups of individuals with relatively higher EE than CE, underscoring their imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a novel perspective on the understanding of the social difficulties associated with autism tendencies in the general population and has potentially important clinical implications for understanding of ASC. We also propose a novel characterization of autism tendencies based on the imbalance between EE and CE, which we term ED, as opposed to examining EE and CE separately. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00362-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 Empathy and Empathy Induced Prosocial Behavior in 6- and 7-Year-Olds with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Peter K. H. DESCHAMPS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)
[article]
Titre : Empathy and Empathy Induced Prosocial Behavior in 6- and 7-Year-Olds with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Peter K. H. DESCHAMPS, Auteur ; Marieke BEEN, Auteur ; Walter MATTHYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1749-1758 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Children Cognitive empathy Affective empathy Empathy induced prosocial behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to assess empathy and prosocial behavior in 6–7 year old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Results showed, first, lower levels of parent- and teacher-rated cognitive empathy, and similar levels of affective empathy in children with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) children. Second, emotion recognition for basic emotions, one aspect of cognitive empathy, in a story task was adequate in ASD children, but ASD children with severe impairments in social responsiveness had difficulties in recognizing fear. Third, prosocial behavior in response to signals of distress of a peer in a computer task was similar in ASD as in TD children. In conclusion, early elementary school children with ASD show specific impairments in cognitive empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2048-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1749-1758[article] Empathy and Empathy Induced Prosocial Behavior in 6- and 7-Year-Olds with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Peter K. H. DESCHAMPS, Auteur ; Marieke BEEN, Auteur ; Walter MATTHYS, Auteur . - p.1749-1758.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1749-1758
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Children Cognitive empathy Affective empathy Empathy induced prosocial behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study aimed to assess empathy and prosocial behavior in 6–7 year old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Results showed, first, lower levels of parent- and teacher-rated cognitive empathy, and similar levels of affective empathy in children with ASD compared to typically developing (TD) children. Second, emotion recognition for basic emotions, one aspect of cognitive empathy, in a story task was adequate in ASD children, but ASD children with severe impairments in social responsiveness had difficulties in recognizing fear. Third, prosocial behavior in response to signals of distress of a peer in a computer task was similar in ASD as in TD children. In conclusion, early elementary school children with ASD show specific impairments in cognitive empathy. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2048-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236 Trait Autism is a Better Predictor of Empathy than Alexithymia / P. SHAH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)
[article]
Titre : Trait Autism is a Better Predictor of Empathy than Alexithymia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. SHAH, Auteur ; L. A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur ; L. PLAYER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3956-3964 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Affective empathy Alexithymia Autism Cognitive empathy Empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been proposed that atypical empathy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is due to co-occurring alexithymia. However, difficulties measuring empathy and statistical issues in previous research raise questions about the role of alexithymia in empathic processing in ASD. Addressing these issues, we compared the associations of trait alexithymia and autism with empathy in large samples from the general population. Multiple regression analyses showed that both trait autism and alexithymia were uniquely associated with atypical empathy, but dominance analysis found that trait autism, compared to alexithymia, was a more important predictor of atypical cognitive, affective, and overall empathy. Together, these findings indicate that atypical empathy in ASD is not simply due to co-occurring alexithymia. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04080-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.3956-3964[article] Trait Autism is a Better Predictor of Empathy than Alexithymia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. SHAH, Auteur ; L. A. LIVINGSTON, Auteur ; Mitchell J. CALLAN, Auteur ; L. PLAYER, Auteur . - p.3956-3964.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.3956-3964
Mots-clés : Affective empathy Alexithymia Autism Cognitive empathy Empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It has been proposed that atypical empathy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is due to co-occurring alexithymia. However, difficulties measuring empathy and statistical issues in previous research raise questions about the role of alexithymia in empathic processing in ASD. Addressing these issues, we compared the associations of trait alexithymia and autism with empathy in large samples from the general population. Multiple regression analyses showed that both trait autism and alexithymia were uniquely associated with atypical empathy, but dominance analysis found that trait autism, compared to alexithymia, was a more important predictor of atypical cognitive, affective, and overall empathy. Together, these findings indicate that atypical empathy in ASD is not simply due to co-occurring alexithymia. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04080-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406 Autism Spectrum as an Empathy Disorder / Pio Alfredo DI TORE in Autism - Open Access, 7-1 ([01/01/2017])
[article]
Titre : Autism Spectrum as an Empathy Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Pio Alfredo DI TORE, Auteur ; Tonia DE GIUSEPPE, Auteur ; Felice CORONA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 3 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Empathy DSM-V Repetitive behaviors Cognitive empathy Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the DSM-V, the diagnosis of "autism spectrum disorder" requires the presence of at least three symptoms in the category of "deficit of social communication" and at least two in that of "repetitive behaviors."Children with autism, therefore, show a large deficit area of social communication, and most scholars agree that the lack of empathy figures prominently among these disorders. This work discusses the link between autism, empathy and perception – action process, according to neuroscientific evidences. The neuroscientific framework makes direct reference to a paradigm of perception/action that now appears permanently reversed with respect to the idea of perception-action that was dominant in the second half of the twentieth century, solidly hinged on cognitivist foundations and, in particular, on the computational metaphor. In this new paradigm, simply, perception is function of action En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410
in Autism - Open Access > 7-1 [01/01/2017] . - 3 p.[article] Autism Spectrum as an Empathy Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Pio Alfredo DI TORE, Auteur ; Tonia DE GIUSEPPE, Auteur ; Felice CORONA, Auteur . - 3 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism - Open Access > 7-1 [01/01/2017] . - 3 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Empathy DSM-V Repetitive behaviors Cognitive empathy Anxiety Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the DSM-V, the diagnosis of "autism spectrum disorder" requires the presence of at least three symptoms in the category of "deficit of social communication" and at least two in that of "repetitive behaviors."Children with autism, therefore, show a large deficit area of social communication, and most scholars agree that the lack of empathy figures prominently among these disorders. This work discusses the link between autism, empathy and perception – action process, according to neuroscientific evidences. The neuroscientific framework makes direct reference to a paradigm of perception/action that now appears permanently reversed with respect to the idea of perception-action that was dominant in the second half of the twentieth century, solidly hinged on cognitivist foundations and, in particular, on the computational metaphor. In this new paradigm, simply, perception is function of action En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000198 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=410 Quantity and quality of empathic responding by autistic and non-autistic adolescent girls and boys / Carolien RIEFFE in Autism, 25-1 (January 2021)
[article]
Titre : Quantity and quality of empathic responding by autistic and non-autistic adolescent girls and boys Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur ; Rachel O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Anne BÜLOW, Auteur ; Danique WILLEMS, Auteur ; Laura HULL, Auteur ; Felicity SEDGEWICK, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Els BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.199-209 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : affective empathy cognitive empathy emotional arousal gender pro-social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empathy is an important feature to feel for another person, evoking social support for the person in distress, and thus strengthening social cohesion. The question is to what extent empathic reactions can also be observed in autistic adolescents and autistic girls in particular, since their often mentioned good social skills might prevent their direct social environment from recognizing their autism. We examined 194 adolescents (autistic and non-autistic boys and girls) during an in vivo task in which the experimenter pretended to hurt herself while closing a binder. All responses by the participants were videotaped and coded by two independent coders. In line with our predictions, no group or gender differences appeared related to their attention for the event; yet autistic girls and boys showed less visible emotional arousal, which could indicate less affective empathy (feeling for someone), or which could indicate that autistic adolescents know less well how to show empathy. Autistic girls and boys reacted by comforting the experimenter equally often as their non-autistic peers, but autistic boys addressed the problem more often than any other group, while girls (autistic and non-autistic) more often addressed the emotion of the person in need. Our findings highlight that empathic behaviour is remarkably similar between autistic and non-autistic boys and girls. Indeed, only subtle differences exist, in terms of expressed emotional arousal and gender-specific comforting styles. Autistic girls' higher levels of emotion-focused comforting could be explained by well-developed social skills, camouflaging, or emotional investment in relationships with others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320956422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437
in Autism > 25-1 (January 2021) . - p.199-209[article] Quantity and quality of empathic responding by autistic and non-autistic adolescent girls and boys [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolien RIEFFE, Auteur ; Rachel O'CONNOR, Auteur ; Anne BÜLOW, Auteur ; Danique WILLEMS, Auteur ; Laura HULL, Auteur ; Felicity SEDGEWICK, Auteur ; Lex STOCKMANN, Auteur ; Els BLIJD-HOOGEWYS, Auteur . - p.199-209.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 25-1 (January 2021) . - p.199-209
Mots-clés : affective empathy cognitive empathy emotional arousal gender pro-social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empathy is an important feature to feel for another person, evoking social support for the person in distress, and thus strengthening social cohesion. The question is to what extent empathic reactions can also be observed in autistic adolescents and autistic girls in particular, since their often mentioned good social skills might prevent their direct social environment from recognizing their autism. We examined 194 adolescents (autistic and non-autistic boys and girls) during an in vivo task in which the experimenter pretended to hurt herself while closing a binder. All responses by the participants were videotaped and coded by two independent coders. In line with our predictions, no group or gender differences appeared related to their attention for the event; yet autistic girls and boys showed less visible emotional arousal, which could indicate less affective empathy (feeling for someone), or which could indicate that autistic adolescents know less well how to show empathy. Autistic girls and boys reacted by comforting the experimenter equally often as their non-autistic peers, but autistic boys addressed the problem more often than any other group, while girls (autistic and non-autistic) more often addressed the emotion of the person in need. Our findings highlight that empathic behaviour is remarkably similar between autistic and non-autistic boys and girls. Indeed, only subtle differences exist, in terms of expressed emotional arousal and gender-specific comforting styles. Autistic girls' higher levels of emotion-focused comforting could be explained by well-developed social skills, camouflaging, or emotional investment in relationships with others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320956422 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437