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Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: The Disparities between the Developed and Developing Countries / Samuel N. UWAEZUOKE in Autism - Open Access, 5-3 ([01/06/2015])
[article]
Titre : Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: The Disparities between the Developed and Developing Countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Samuel N. UWAEZUOKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Children Developed countries Developing countries Epidemiologic gaps Management gaps Advocacy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review aims to appraise the disparities in the prevalence and management of childhood autism in developed and developing countries, and to discuss strategies that will possibly close the gaps. Autism is one of the pervasive developmental disorders or autism spectrum disorders which are characterized by developmental delays in socialization and communication. Following the revised definition by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-V), the term ‘autism spectrum disorder’ (ASD) is now used as the nomenclature to identify children with autism and other related disorders. Unlike in developing countries, more research work has been conducted in the developed world where advanced support services and use of standardized screening and diagnostic instruments are the norm. Thus, disparities exist in the prevalence rates as high figures are reported from developed countries while the rates from developing countries are low. Furthermore, wide therapeutic options are available for children with ASD in the developed world. In developing countries, treatment interventions are largely unavailable coupled with dearth of the requisite health care professionals. To close the huge gaps in epidemiologic data and management of ASD between the developed and developing nations, there is need for international bodies such as ‘Autism speaks’ to increasingly drive the global advocacy action for children with ASD. It is also recommended that the governments of these developing nations should prioritize the funding of autism research, undertake massive public enlightenment and build the capacity of health professionals in synergy with international advocacy groups. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000152 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409
in Autism - Open Access > 5-3 [01/06/2015] . - 5 p.[article] Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: The Disparities between the Developed and Developing Countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Samuel N. UWAEZUOKE, Auteur . - 5 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism - Open Access > 5-3 [01/06/2015] . - 5 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Children Developed countries Developing countries Epidemiologic gaps Management gaps Advocacy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review aims to appraise the disparities in the prevalence and management of childhood autism in developed and developing countries, and to discuss strategies that will possibly close the gaps. Autism is one of the pervasive developmental disorders or autism spectrum disorders which are characterized by developmental delays in socialization and communication. Following the revised definition by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-V), the term ‘autism spectrum disorder’ (ASD) is now used as the nomenclature to identify children with autism and other related disorders. Unlike in developing countries, more research work has been conducted in the developed world where advanced support services and use of standardized screening and diagnostic instruments are the norm. Thus, disparities exist in the prevalence rates as high figures are reported from developed countries while the rates from developing countries are low. Furthermore, wide therapeutic options are available for children with ASD in the developed world. In developing countries, treatment interventions are largely unavailable coupled with dearth of the requisite health care professionals. To close the huge gaps in epidemiologic data and management of ASD between the developed and developing nations, there is need for international bodies such as ‘Autism speaks’ to increasingly drive the global advocacy action for children with ASD. It is also recommended that the governments of these developing nations should prioritize the funding of autism research, undertake massive public enlightenment and build the capacity of health professionals in synergy with international advocacy groups. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000152 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409 Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries / Wietse A. TOL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-4 (April 2013)
[article]
Titre : Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wietse A. TOL, Auteur ; Suzan SONG, Auteur ; Mark J. D. JORDANS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.445-460 Mots-clés : Armed conflict war resilience psychological resilience developing countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Researchers focused on mental health of conflict-affected children are increasingly interested in the concept of resilience. Knowledge on resilience may assist in developing interventions aimed at improving positive outcomes or reducing negative outcomes, termed promotive or protective interventions. Methods We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies focused on resilience and mental health in children and adolescents affected by armed conflict in low- and middle-income countries. Results Altogether 53 studies were identified: 15 qualitative and mixed methods studies and 38 quantitative, mostly cross-sectional studies focused on school-aged children and adolescents. Qualitative studies identified variation across socio-cultural settings of relevant resilience outcomes, and report contextually unique processes contributing to such outcomes. Quantitative studies focused on promotive and protective factors at different socio-ecological levels (individual, family-, peer-, school-, and community-levels). Generally, promotive and protective factors showed gender-, symptom-, and phase of conflict-specific effects on mental health outcomes. Conclusions Although limited by its predominantly cross-sectional nature and focus on protective outcomes, this body of knowledge supports a perspective of resilience as a complex dynamic process driven by time- and context-dependent variables, rather than the balance between risk- and protective factors with known impacts on mental health. Given the complexity of findings in this population, we conclude that resilience-focused interventions will need to be highly tailored to specific contexts, rather than the application of a universal model that may be expected to have similar effects on mental health across contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.445-460[article] Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low- and middle-income countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wietse A. TOL, Auteur ; Suzan SONG, Auteur ; Mark J. D. JORDANS, Auteur . - p.445-460.
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-4 (April 2013) . - p.445-460
Mots-clés : Armed conflict war resilience psychological resilience developing countries Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Researchers focused on mental health of conflict-affected children are increasingly interested in the concept of resilience. Knowledge on resilience may assist in developing interventions aimed at improving positive outcomes or reducing negative outcomes, termed promotive or protective interventions. Methods We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies focused on resilience and mental health in children and adolescents affected by armed conflict in low- and middle-income countries. Results Altogether 53 studies were identified: 15 qualitative and mixed methods studies and 38 quantitative, mostly cross-sectional studies focused on school-aged children and adolescents. Qualitative studies identified variation across socio-cultural settings of relevant resilience outcomes, and report contextually unique processes contributing to such outcomes. Quantitative studies focused on promotive and protective factors at different socio-ecological levels (individual, family-, peer-, school-, and community-levels). Generally, promotive and protective factors showed gender-, symptom-, and phase of conflict-specific effects on mental health outcomes. Conclusions Although limited by its predominantly cross-sectional nature and focus on protective outcomes, this body of knowledge supports a perspective of resilience as a complex dynamic process driven by time- and context-dependent variables, rather than the balance between risk- and protective factors with known impacts on mental health. Given the complexity of findings in this population, we conclude that resilience-focused interventions will need to be highly tailored to specific contexts, rather than the application of a universal model that may be expected to have similar effects on mental health across contexts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12053 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=194 The Digital Divide in Technologies for Autism: Feasibility Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries / Aubrey J. KUMM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)
[article]
Titre : The Digital Divide in Technologies for Autism: Feasibility Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Aubrey J. KUMM, Auteur ; Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2300-2313 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy Autistic Disorder/therapy Covid-19 Developing Countries Digital Divide Feasibility Studies Humans Pandemics Technology Africa Autism spectrum disorder Digital disparities Digital technology India Low-resource contexts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Digital technologies have the potential to empower individuals with autism and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized and accelerated the drive towards technology for information, communication, training, clinical care and research, also in the autism community. However, 95% of individuals with autism live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where access to electricity, internet and the ever-increasing range of digital devices may be highly limited. The World Bank coined the term 'the digital divide' to describe the disparities in access to digital technologies between high-income and LMIC contexts. Here we evaluated the feasibility of six emerging technologies for autism spectrum disorders, and reflected on key considerations for implementation in LMIC contexts to ensure that we do not inadvertently widen the pre-existing digital divide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05084-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2300-2313[article] The Digital Divide in Technologies for Autism: Feasibility Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Aubrey J. KUMM, Auteur ; Marisa VILJOEN, Auteur ; Petrus J. DE VRIES, Auteur . - p.2300-2313.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2300-2313
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy Autistic Disorder/therapy Covid-19 Developing Countries Digital Divide Feasibility Studies Humans Pandemics Technology Africa Autism spectrum disorder Digital disparities Digital technology India Low-resource contexts Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Digital technologies have the potential to empower individuals with autism and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized and accelerated the drive towards technology for information, communication, training, clinical care and research, also in the autism community. However, 95% of individuals with autism live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where access to electricity, internet and the ever-increasing range of digital devices may be highly limited. The World Bank coined the term 'the digital divide' to describe the disparities in access to digital technologies between high-income and LMIC contexts. Here we evaluated the feasibility of six emerging technologies for autism spectrum disorders, and reflected on key considerations for implementation in LMIC contexts to ensure that we do not inadvertently widen the pre-existing digital divide. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05084-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 Adaptation of the “ten questions” to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda / Angelina KAKOOZA-MWESIGE in Autism, 18-4 (May 2014)
[article]
Titre : Adaptation of the “ten questions” to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Angelina KAKOOZA-MWESIGE, Auteur ; Keron SSEBYALA, Auteur ; Charles KARAMAGI, Auteur ; Sarah KIGULI, Auteur ; Karen SMITH, Auteur ; Meredith C. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Edwin TREVATHAN, Auteur ; Robin HANSEN, Auteur ; Daniel SMITH, Auteur ; Judith K. GRETHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.447-457 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder screening and assessment developing countries low- and middle-income countries neurodevelopmental disorder screening and assessment Uganda Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodevelopmental disorders are recognized to be relatively common in developing countries but little data exist for planning effective prevention and intervention strategies. In particular, data on autism spectrum disorders are lacking. For application in Uganda, we developed a 23-question screener (23Q) that includes the Ten Questions screener and additional questions on autism spectrum disorder behaviors. We then conducted household screening of 1169 children, 2–9 years of age, followed by clinical assessment of children who screened positive and a sample of those who screened negative to evaluate the validity of the screener. We found that 320 children (27% of the total) screened positive and 68 children received a clinical diagnosis of one or more moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder; cerebral palsy; epilepsy; cognitive, speech and language, hearing, or vision impairment), including 8 children with autism spectrum disorders. Prevalence and validity of the screener were evaluated under different statistical assumptions. Sensitivity of the 23Q ranged from 0.55 to 0.80 and prevalence for ?1 neurodevelopmental disorders from 7.7/100 children to 12.8/100 children depending on which assumptions were used. The combination of screening positive on both autism spectrum disorders and Ten Questions items was modestly successful in identifying a subgroup of children at especially high risk of autism spectrum disorders. We recommend that autism spectrum disorders and related behavioral disorders be included in studies of neurodevelopmental disorders in low-resource settings to obtain essential data for planning local and global public health responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313475848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232
in Autism > 18-4 (May 2014) . - p.447-457[article] Adaptation of the “ten questions” to screen for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Uganda [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Angelina KAKOOZA-MWESIGE, Auteur ; Keron SSEBYALA, Auteur ; Charles KARAMAGI, Auteur ; Sarah KIGULI, Auteur ; Karen SMITH, Auteur ; Meredith C. ANDERSON, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Edwin TREVATHAN, Auteur ; Robin HANSEN, Auteur ; Daniel SMITH, Auteur ; Judith K. GRETHER, Auteur . - p.447-457.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 18-4 (May 2014) . - p.447-457
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder screening and assessment developing countries low- and middle-income countries neurodevelopmental disorder screening and assessment Uganda Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Neurodevelopmental disorders are recognized to be relatively common in developing countries but little data exist for planning effective prevention and intervention strategies. In particular, data on autism spectrum disorders are lacking. For application in Uganda, we developed a 23-question screener (23Q) that includes the Ten Questions screener and additional questions on autism spectrum disorder behaviors. We then conducted household screening of 1169 children, 2–9 years of age, followed by clinical assessment of children who screened positive and a sample of those who screened negative to evaluate the validity of the screener. We found that 320 children (27% of the total) screened positive and 68 children received a clinical diagnosis of one or more moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder; cerebral palsy; epilepsy; cognitive, speech and language, hearing, or vision impairment), including 8 children with autism spectrum disorders. Prevalence and validity of the screener were evaluated under different statistical assumptions. Sensitivity of the 23Q ranged from 0.55 to 0.80 and prevalence for ?1 neurodevelopmental disorders from 7.7/100 children to 12.8/100 children depending on which assumptions were used. The combination of screening positive on both autism spectrum disorders and Ten Questions items was modestly successful in identifying a subgroup of children at especially high risk of autism spectrum disorders. We recommend that autism spectrum disorders and related behavioral disorders be included in studies of neurodevelopmental disorders in low-resource settings to obtain essential data for planning local and global public health responses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313475848 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=232 Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence – a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict / Felicity L. BROWN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-4 (April 2017)
[article]
Titre : Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence – a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Felicity L. BROWN, Auteur ; Anne M. DE GRAAFF, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.507-524 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Armed conflict war violence developing countries children adolescents youth mental health well-being psychosocial treatment systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Globally, one in 10 children live in regions affected by armed conflict. Children exposed to armed conflict are vulnerable to social and emotional difficulties, along with disrupted educational and occupational opportunities. Most armed conflicts occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health systems are limited and can be further weakened by the context of war. Research is needed to determine feasible and cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can be delivered safely by available mental health workforces (including nonspecialists). A vital first step toward achieving this is to examine evidence-based psychosocial interventions and identify the common therapeutic techniques being used across these treatments. Methods A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children and youth living in LMICs was performed. Studies were identified through database searches (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PILOTS and Web of Science Core Collection), hand-searching of reference lists, and contacting expert researchers. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distill the practice elements within clinical protocols. Results Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials and controlled trials conducted in conflict-affected settings, and 25 efficacious treatments were identified. Several practice elements were found across more than 50% of the intervention protocols of these treatments. These were access promotion, psychoeducation for children and parents, insight building, rapport building techniques, cognitive strategies, use of narratives, exposure techniques, and relapse prevention. Conclusions Identification of the common practice elements of effective interventions for conflict-affected children and youth can inform essential future treatment development, implementation, and evaluation for this vulnerable population. To further advance the field, research should focus on identifying which of these elements are the active ingredients for clinical change, along with attention to costs of delivery, training, supervision and how to sustain quality implementation over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12671 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-4 (April 2017) . - p.507-524[article] Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence – a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Felicity L. BROWN, Auteur ; Anne M. DE GRAAFF, Auteur ; Jeannie ANNAN, Auteur ; Theresa S. BETANCOURT, Auteur . - p.507-524.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-4 (April 2017) . - p.507-524
Mots-clés : Armed conflict war violence developing countries children adolescents youth mental health well-being psychosocial treatment systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Globally, one in 10 children live in regions affected by armed conflict. Children exposed to armed conflict are vulnerable to social and emotional difficulties, along with disrupted educational and occupational opportunities. Most armed conflicts occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where mental health systems are limited and can be further weakened by the context of war. Research is needed to determine feasible and cost-effective psychosocial interventions that can be delivered safely by available mental health workforces (including nonspecialists). A vital first step toward achieving this is to examine evidence-based psychosocial interventions and identify the common therapeutic techniques being used across these treatments. Methods A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for conflict-affected children and youth living in LMICs was performed. Studies were identified through database searches (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PILOTS and Web of Science Core Collection), hand-searching of reference lists, and contacting expert researchers. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distill the practice elements within clinical protocols. Results Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials and controlled trials conducted in conflict-affected settings, and 25 efficacious treatments were identified. Several practice elements were found across more than 50% of the intervention protocols of these treatments. These were access promotion, psychoeducation for children and parents, insight building, rapport building techniques, cognitive strategies, use of narratives, exposure techniques, and relapse prevention. Conclusions Identification of the common practice elements of effective interventions for conflict-affected children and youth can inform essential future treatment development, implementation, and evaluation for this vulnerable population. To further advance the field, research should focus on identifying which of these elements are the active ingredients for clinical change, along with attention to costs of delivery, training, supervision and how to sustain quality implementation over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12671 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305