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Empathy and face processing in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder / S. N. RIGBY in Autism Research, 11-6 (June 2018)
[article]
Titre : Empathy and face processing in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. N. RIGBY, Auteur ; B. M. STOESZ, Auteur ; L. S. JAKOBSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.942-955 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorder empathy face processing/perception social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many factors contribute to social difficulties in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The goal of the present work was to determine whether atypicalities in how individuals with ASD process static, socially engaging faces persist when nonrigid facial motion cues are present. We also sought to explore the relationships between various face processing abilities and individual differences in autism symptom severity and traits such as empathy. Participants included 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls. Mean Verbal IQ was comparable across groups [t(30) = 0.70, P = 0.49]. The two groups responded similarly to many of the experimental manipulations; however, relative to controls, participants with ASD responded more slowly to dynamic expressive faces, even when no judgment was required; were less accurate at identity matching with static and dynamic faces; and needed more time to make identity and expression judgments [F(1, 30) >/= 6.37, P = 0.017, etap(2) >/= 0.175 in all cases], particularly when the faces were moving [F(1, 30) = 3.40, P = 0.072, etap(2) = 0.104]. In the full sample, as social autistic traits increased and empathic skills declined, participants needed more time to judge static identity, and static or dynamic expressions [0.43 < |rs | < 0.56]. The results suggest that adults with ASD show general impairments in face and motion processing and support the view that an examination of individual variation in particular personality traits and abilities is important for advancing our understanding of face perception. Autism Res 2018, 11: 942-955. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Our findings suggest that people with ASD have problems processing expressive faces, especially when seen in motion. It is important to learn who is most at risk for face processing problems, given that in the general population such problems appear to be linked to impaired social skills and empathy. By studying relationships between different abilities and traits, we may be able to find better ways to diagnose and support all people on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1948 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366
in Autism Research > 11-6 (June 2018) . - p.942-955[article] Empathy and face processing in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. N. RIGBY, Auteur ; B. M. STOESZ, Auteur ; L. S. JAKOBSON, Auteur . - p.942-955.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 11-6 (June 2018) . - p.942-955
Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorder empathy face processing/perception social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many factors contribute to social difficulties in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The goal of the present work was to determine whether atypicalities in how individuals with ASD process static, socially engaging faces persist when nonrigid facial motion cues are present. We also sought to explore the relationships between various face processing abilities and individual differences in autism symptom severity and traits such as empathy. Participants included 16 adults with ASD without intellectual impairment and 16 sex- and age-matched controls. Mean Verbal IQ was comparable across groups [t(30) = 0.70, P = 0.49]. The two groups responded similarly to many of the experimental manipulations; however, relative to controls, participants with ASD responded more slowly to dynamic expressive faces, even when no judgment was required; were less accurate at identity matching with static and dynamic faces; and needed more time to make identity and expression judgments [F(1, 30) >/= 6.37, P = 0.017, etap(2) >/= 0.175 in all cases], particularly when the faces were moving [F(1, 30) = 3.40, P = 0.072, etap(2) = 0.104]. In the full sample, as social autistic traits increased and empathic skills declined, participants needed more time to judge static identity, and static or dynamic expressions [0.43 < |rs | < 0.56]. The results suggest that adults with ASD show general impairments in face and motion processing and support the view that an examination of individual variation in particular personality traits and abilities is important for advancing our understanding of face perception. Autism Res 2018, 11: 942-955. (c) 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Our findings suggest that people with ASD have problems processing expressive faces, especially when seen in motion. It is important to learn who is most at risk for face processing problems, given that in the general population such problems appear to be linked to impaired social skills and empathy. By studying relationships between different abilities and traits, we may be able to find better ways to diagnose and support all people on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1948 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366 Adaptation to different communicative contexts: an eye tracking study of autistic adults / Julia PARISH-MORRIS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 11-1 (December 2019)
[article]
Titre : Adaptation to different communicative contexts: an eye tracking study of autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; Ashley A. PALLATHRA, Auteur ; E. FERGUSON, Auteur ; B. B. MADDOX, Auteur ; A. POMYKACZ, Auteur ; L. S. PEREZ, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; J. PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Edward S. BRODKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 5 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adults Autism spectrum disorder Eye gaze Face processing/perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Learning through social observation (i.e., watching other people interact) lays the foundation for later social skills and social cognition. However, social situations are often complex, and humans are only capable of attending to one aspect of a scene at a time. How do people choose where to allocate their visual resources when viewing complex social scenarios? For typically developing (TD) individuals, faces are often given priority. Depending upon context, however, it may be more useful to attend to other aspects of the environment, such as hands, tools, or background objects. Previous studies reported reduced face looking in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but modulation of visual attention in response to contextual differences (e.g., according to social richness, or the presence/absence of communicative behaviors between two people) has only briefly been explored. In this study, we used eye-tracking technology to test the extent to which ASD adults and TD adults use social context to guide their gaze behavior. METHODS: Fifty-five adults participated (28 with ASD). The location and duration of participants' gaze were recorded while they watched a series of naturalistic social videos. Half of the videos depicted two people engaging in non-verbal communication (rich social scenes) while playing with toys. The other half depicted two people playing with toys separately, not interacting with each other (lean social scenes). RESULTS: ASD and TD adults both increased their attention to faces in communicative contexts (rich social scenes) as compared to non-communicative contexts (lean social scenes). However, TD adults increased their attention to faces significantly more when watching two people communicate than did ASD adults, who increased their attention to a lesser degree. Further analysis revealed that ASD adults persisted in looking at hands and toys, even when observing two people communicate in a rich social scene. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished gaze to faces when observing two people communicating may lead to fewer opportunities for social learning and subsequent reductions in social knowledge. Naturalistic measures of contextual modulation could help identify areas of need for individuals learning about the social world and could become treatment targets to improve everyday social learning. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9265-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 5 p.[article] Adaptation to different communicative contexts: an eye tracking study of autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur ; Ashley A. PALLATHRA, Auteur ; E. FERGUSON, Auteur ; B. B. MADDOX, Auteur ; A. POMYKACZ, Auteur ; L. S. PEREZ, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; J. PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Edward S. BRODKIN, Auteur . - 5 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 11-1 (December 2019) . - 5 p.
Mots-clés : Adults Autism spectrum disorder Eye gaze Face processing/perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Learning through social observation (i.e., watching other people interact) lays the foundation for later social skills and social cognition. However, social situations are often complex, and humans are only capable of attending to one aspect of a scene at a time. How do people choose where to allocate their visual resources when viewing complex social scenarios? For typically developing (TD) individuals, faces are often given priority. Depending upon context, however, it may be more useful to attend to other aspects of the environment, such as hands, tools, or background objects. Previous studies reported reduced face looking in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but modulation of visual attention in response to contextual differences (e.g., according to social richness, or the presence/absence of communicative behaviors between two people) has only briefly been explored. In this study, we used eye-tracking technology to test the extent to which ASD adults and TD adults use social context to guide their gaze behavior. METHODS: Fifty-five adults participated (28 with ASD). The location and duration of participants' gaze were recorded while they watched a series of naturalistic social videos. Half of the videos depicted two people engaging in non-verbal communication (rich social scenes) while playing with toys. The other half depicted two people playing with toys separately, not interacting with each other (lean social scenes). RESULTS: ASD and TD adults both increased their attention to faces in communicative contexts (rich social scenes) as compared to non-communicative contexts (lean social scenes). However, TD adults increased their attention to faces significantly more when watching two people communicate than did ASD adults, who increased their attention to a lesser degree. Further analysis revealed that ASD adults persisted in looking at hands and toys, even when observing two people communicate in a rich social scene. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished gaze to faces when observing two people communicating may lead to fewer opportunities for social learning and subsequent reductions in social knowledge. Naturalistic measures of contextual modulation could help identify areas of need for individuals learning about the social world and could become treatment targets to improve everyday social learning. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-019-9265-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=409