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First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers / Noah J. SASSON in Autism, 23-1 (January 2019)
[article]
Titre : First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.50-59 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults autism diagnostic disclosure first impressions social-skills interventions aspergers syndrome functioning autism spectrum disorder college-students young-adults stigma awareness participation adolescents Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317729526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379
in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.50-59[article] First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; K. E. MORRISON, Auteur . - p.50-59.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-1 (January 2019) . - p.50-59
Mots-clés : adults autism diagnostic disclosure first impressions social-skills interventions aspergers syndrome functioning autism spectrum disorder college-students young-adults stigma awareness participation adolescents Psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A practical consideration for many intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is whether to disclose their diagnostic status or try to mask their autistic characteristics to avoid judgment and discrimination. Here, we assessed first impressions of adults with ASD and typically developing controls (N = 40) made by typically developing observers (N = 215) when their diagnostic status was either withheld, accurately provided, or inaccurately provided. First impressions were less favorable for ASD participants compared to typically developing controls across a range of judgments, but were significantly more positive when accurately labeled as ASD compared to when no label was provided, when mislabeled as typically developing, or when mislabeled as having schizophrenia. For typically developing participants, ratings did not change when accurately labeled but improved when mislabeled as ASD. Greater autistic traits for the ASD and typically developing participants were associated with less favorable first impressions, and females were rated more favorably than males. Autism knowledge of the raters, but not age, IQ, or autistic traits, was positively associated with more favorable impressions of ASD participants. Collectively, these findings suggest that first impressions for intellectually able adults with ASD improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism understanding on the part of peers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317729526 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=379 Camouflaging Intent, First Impressions, and Age of ASC Diagnosis in Autistic Men and Women / Hannah L. BELCHER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-8 (August 2022)
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Titre : Camouflaging Intent, First Impressions, and Age of ASC Diagnosis in Autistic Men and Women Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hannah L. BELCHER, Auteur ; Sharon MOREIN-ZAMIR, Auteur ; Will MANDY, Auteur ; Ruth M. FORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3413-3426 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder/diagnosis Female Humans Intention Male Peer Group Surveys and Questionnaires Autism Camouflaging Female autism phenotype First impressions Gender differences Masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging of autistic traits may make autism harder to diagnose. The current study evaluated the relations between camouflaging intent, first impressions, and age of autism diagnosis. Participants comprised autistic and non-autistic adults (n=80, 50% female) who completed the Camouflaging of Autistic Traits Questionnaire. They were later video-recorded having a conversation with a person unaware of their diagnostic status. Ten-second clips from half these videos were later shown to 127 non-autistic peers, who rated their first impressions of each participant. Results showed that autistic participants were rated more poorly on first impressions, males were rated less favourably than females, and male raters were particularly harsh in their evaluations of autistic males. Camouflaging intent did not predict first impressions but better first impressions were linked with a later age of diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05221-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3413-3426[article] Camouflaging Intent, First Impressions, and Age of ASC Diagnosis in Autistic Men and Women [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hannah L. BELCHER, Auteur ; Sharon MOREIN-ZAMIR, Auteur ; Will MANDY, Auteur ; Ruth M. FORD, Auteur . - p.3413-3426.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-8 (August 2022) . - p.3413-3426
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder Autistic Disorder/diagnosis Female Humans Intention Male Peer Group Surveys and Questionnaires Autism Camouflaging Female autism phenotype First impressions Gender differences Masking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Camouflaging of autistic traits may make autism harder to diagnose. The current study evaluated the relations between camouflaging intent, first impressions, and age of autism diagnosis. Participants comprised autistic and non-autistic adults (n=80, 50% female) who completed the Camouflaging of Autistic Traits Questionnaire. They were later video-recorded having a conversation with a person unaware of their diagnostic status. Ten-second clips from half these videos were later shown to 127 non-autistic peers, who rated their first impressions of each participant. Results showed that autistic participants were rated more poorly on first impressions, males were rated less favourably than females, and male raters were particularly harsh in their evaluations of autistic males. Camouflaging intent did not predict first impressions but better first impressions were linked with a later age of diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05221-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=485 Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults / Eilidh CAGE in Autism Research, 12-10 (October 2019)
[article]
Titre : Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; H. BURTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1495-1504 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autistic adults first impressions gender differences social evaluation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research has shown that less favourable first impressions are formed of autistic adults by non-autistic observers. Autistic females may present differently to autistic males and could engage in more camouflaging behaviours, which could affect these first impressions. However, research has not yet tested for gender differences in the first impressions of autistic adults. In the current study, non-autistic observers (n = 205) viewed either 10-sec video clips or text transcripts in the context of a mock job interview by 10 autistic females and 10 autistic males, matched to 10 non-autistic females and 10 non-autistic males. They then rated each stimulus on personality traits (e.g., awkwardness) and behavioural intentions (e.g., "I would start a conversation with this person"). Non-autistic observers were blind to diagnostic status of the individuals in either modality. Results showed that first impressions were less favourable overall of autistic adults in the video modality. Furthermore, autistic females were rated more favourably than autistic males in the video modality across most traits-but autistic females were also rated less favourably than both non-autistic females and males. Some judgements were also made in the text modality, whereby more favourable first impressions were made of autistic males on the basis of speech content. Understanding the first impressions that both autistic females and males make has important implications for diagnostic services and employment prospects. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1495-1504. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We found that non-autistic people formed more negative first impressions of autistic people, and this was influenced by gender of the person being evaluated. Autistic women were judged more favourably than autistic men; however, both autistic women and men were rated less positively than non-autistic people, with large differences between judgements of autistic females in comparison to non-autistic females. The findings have implications for clinicians and employers who may make rapid judgements based on someone's gender. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2191 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408
in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1495-1504[article] Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eilidh CAGE, Auteur ; H. BURTON, Auteur . - p.1495-1504.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 12-10 (October 2019) . - p.1495-1504
Mots-clés : autistic adults first impressions gender differences social evaluation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prior research has shown that less favourable first impressions are formed of autistic adults by non-autistic observers. Autistic females may present differently to autistic males and could engage in more camouflaging behaviours, which could affect these first impressions. However, research has not yet tested for gender differences in the first impressions of autistic adults. In the current study, non-autistic observers (n = 205) viewed either 10-sec video clips or text transcripts in the context of a mock job interview by 10 autistic females and 10 autistic males, matched to 10 non-autistic females and 10 non-autistic males. They then rated each stimulus on personality traits (e.g., awkwardness) and behavioural intentions (e.g., "I would start a conversation with this person"). Non-autistic observers were blind to diagnostic status of the individuals in either modality. Results showed that first impressions were less favourable overall of autistic adults in the video modality. Furthermore, autistic females were rated more favourably than autistic males in the video modality across most traits-but autistic females were also rated less favourably than both non-autistic females and males. Some judgements were also made in the text modality, whereby more favourable first impressions were made of autistic males on the basis of speech content. Understanding the first impressions that both autistic females and males make has important implications for diagnostic services and employment prospects. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1495-1504. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: We found that non-autistic people formed more negative first impressions of autistic people, and this was influenced by gender of the person being evaluated. Autistic women were judged more favourably than autistic men; however, both autistic women and men were rated less positively than non-autistic people, with large differences between judgements of autistic females in comparison to non-autistic females. The findings have implications for clinicians and employers who may make rapid judgements based on someone's gender. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2191 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism / Meredith L. COLA in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Meredith L. COLA, Auteur ; Samantha PLATE, Auteur ; Lisa YANKOWITZ, Auteur ; Victoria PETRULLA, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Ashley DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; Juhi PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 49 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Camouflage First impressions Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors that may be quickly detected by experts (Autism Res 10:653-62, 2017; American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). Recent research suggests that even naïve non-experts judge a variety of human dimensions using narrow windows of experience called "first impressions." Growing recognition of sex differences in a variety of observable behaviors in ASD, combined with research showing that some autistic girls and women may "camouflage" outward symptoms, suggests it may be more difficult for naïve conversation partners to detect ASD symptoms in girls. Here, we explore the first impressions made by boys and girls with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. METHODS: Ninety-three school-aged children with ASD or TD were matched on IQ; autistic girls and boys were additionally matched on autism symptom severity using the ADOS-2. Participants completed a 5-minute "get-to-know-you" conversation with a new young adult acquaintance. Immediately after the conversation, confederates rated participants on a variety of dimensions. Our primary analysis compared conversation ratings between groups (ASD boys, ASD girls, TD boys, TD girls). RESULTS: Autistic girls were rated more positively than autistic boys by novel conversation partners (better perceived social communication ability), despite comparable autism symptom severity as rated by expert clinicians (equivalent true social communication ability). Boys with ASD were rated more negatively than typical boys and typical girls by novel conversation partners as well as expert clinicians. There was no significant difference in the first impressions made by autistic girls compared to typical girls during conversations with a novel conversation partner, but autistic girls were rated lower than typical girls by expert clinicians. LIMITATIONS: This study cannot speak to the ways in which first impressions may differ for younger children, adults, or individuals who are not verbally fluent; in addition, there were more autistic boys than girls in our sample, making it difficult to detect small effects. CONCLUSIONS: First impressions made during naturalistic conversations with non-expert conversation partners could-in combination with clinical ratings and parent report-shed light on the nature and effects of behavioral differences between girls and boys on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 49 p.[article] Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Meredith L. COLA, Auteur ; Samantha PLATE, Auteur ; Lisa YANKOWITZ, Auteur ; Victoria PETRULLA, Auteur ; Leila BATEMAN, Auteur ; Casey J. ZAMPELLA, Auteur ; Ashley DE MARCHENA, Auteur ; Juhi PANDEY, Auteur ; Robert T. SCHULTZ, Auteur ; Julia PARISH-MORRIS, Auteur . - 49 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 49 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Camouflage First impressions Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors that may be quickly detected by experts (Autism Res 10:653-62, 2017; American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). Recent research suggests that even naïve non-experts judge a variety of human dimensions using narrow windows of experience called "first impressions." Growing recognition of sex differences in a variety of observable behaviors in ASD, combined with research showing that some autistic girls and women may "camouflage" outward symptoms, suggests it may be more difficult for naïve conversation partners to detect ASD symptoms in girls. Here, we explore the first impressions made by boys and girls with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. METHODS: Ninety-three school-aged children with ASD or TD were matched on IQ; autistic girls and boys were additionally matched on autism symptom severity using the ADOS-2. Participants completed a 5-minute "get-to-know-you" conversation with a new young adult acquaintance. Immediately after the conversation, confederates rated participants on a variety of dimensions. Our primary analysis compared conversation ratings between groups (ASD boys, ASD girls, TD boys, TD girls). RESULTS: Autistic girls were rated more positively than autistic boys by novel conversation partners (better perceived social communication ability), despite comparable autism symptom severity as rated by expert clinicians (equivalent true social communication ability). Boys with ASD were rated more negatively than typical boys and typical girls by novel conversation partners as well as expert clinicians. There was no significant difference in the first impressions made by autistic girls compared to typical girls during conversations with a novel conversation partner, but autistic girls were rated lower than typical girls by expert clinicians. LIMITATIONS: This study cannot speak to the ways in which first impressions may differ for younger children, adults, or individuals who are not verbally fluent; in addition, there were more autistic boys than girls in our sample, making it difficult to detect small effects. CONCLUSIONS: First impressions made during naturalistic conversations with non-expert conversation partners could-in combination with clinical ratings and parent report-shed light on the nature and effects of behavioral differences between girls and boys on the autism spectrum. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=427 Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults / K. E. MORRISON in Autism, 23-7 (October 2019)
[article]
Titre : Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Kilee M. DEBRABANDER, Auteur ; D. J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1817-1829 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorder diagnostic disclosure first impressions stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that first impressions of autistic adults are more favorable when neurotypical raters know their clinical diagnosis and have high understanding about autism, suggesting that social experiences of autistic adults are affected by the knowledge and beliefs of the neurotypical individuals they encounter. Here, we examine these patterns in more detail by assessing variability in first impression ratings of autistic adults (N = 20) by neurotypical raters (N = 505). Variability in ratings was driven more by characteristics of raters than those of autistic adults, particularly for items related to "intentions to interact." Specifically, variability in rater stigma toward autism and autism knowledge contributed to first impression ratings. Only ratings of "awkwardness" were driven more by characteristics of the autistic adults than characteristics of the raters. Furthermore, although first impressions of autistic adults generally improved when raters were informed of their autism status, providing a diagnosis worsened impressions made by neurotypical raters with high stigma toward autism. Variations in how the diagnosis was labeled (e.g. "autistic" vs "has autism") did not affect results. These findings indicate a large role of neurotypical perceptions and biases in shaping the social experiences for autistic adults that may be improved by reducing stigma and increasing acceptance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318824104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406
in Autism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1817-1829[article] Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Kilee M. DEBRABANDER, Auteur ; D. J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.1817-1829.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 23-7 (October 2019) . - p.1817-1829
Mots-clés : adults autism spectrum disorder diagnostic disclosure first impressions stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previous work indicates that first impressions of autistic adults are more favorable when neurotypical raters know their clinical diagnosis and have high understanding about autism, suggesting that social experiences of autistic adults are affected by the knowledge and beliefs of the neurotypical individuals they encounter. Here, we examine these patterns in more detail by assessing variability in first impression ratings of autistic adults (N = 20) by neurotypical raters (N = 505). Variability in ratings was driven more by characteristics of raters than those of autistic adults, particularly for items related to "intentions to interact." Specifically, variability in rater stigma toward autism and autism knowledge contributed to first impression ratings. Only ratings of "awkwardness" were driven more by characteristics of the autistic adults than characteristics of the raters. Furthermore, although first impressions of autistic adults generally improved when raters were informed of their autism status, providing a diagnosis worsened impressions made by neurotypical raters with high stigma toward autism. Variations in how the diagnosis was labeled (e.g. "autistic" vs "has autism") did not affect results. These findings indicate a large role of neurotypical perceptions and biases in shaping the social experiences for autistic adults that may be improved by reducing stigma and increasing acceptance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318824104 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=406 Judgments of social awkwardness from brief exposure to children with and without high-functioning autism / Ruth B. GROSSMAN in Autism, 19-5 (July 2015)
PermalinkDoes facial expressivity count? How typically developing children respond initially to children with autism / Steven D. STAGG in Autism, 18-6 (August 2014)
PermalinkJudgments of spoken discourse and impression formation of neurotypical and autistic adults / Philippine GEELHAND in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 82 (April 2021)
PermalinkOutcomes of real-world social interaction for autistic adults paired with autistic compared to typically developing partners / Kerrianne E. MORRISON in Autism, 24-5 (July 2020)
PermalinkEffects of autism acceptance training on explicit and implicit biases toward autism / Desiree R. JONES in Autism, 25-5 (July 2021)
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