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Sex differentiation of brain structures in autism: Findings from a gray matter asymmetry study / Z. DENG in Autism Research, 14-6 (June 2021)
[article]
Titre : Sex differentiation of brain structures in autism: Findings from a gray matter asymmetry study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Z. DENG, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1115-1126 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Female Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Sex Differentiation Mri autism brain gray matter gray matter asymmetry sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed much more often in males than females. This male predominance has prompted a number of studies to examine how sex differences are related to the neural expression of ASD. Different theories, such as the "extreme male brain" theory, the "female protective effect" (FPE) theory, and the gender incoherence (GI) theory, provide different explanations for the mixed findings of sex-related neural expression of ASD. This study sought to clarify whether either theory applies to the brain structure in individuals with ASD by analyzing a selective high-quality data subset from an open data resource (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I and II) including 35 males/35 females with ASD and 86 male/86 female typical-controls (TCs). We examined the sex-related changes in ASD in gray matter asymmetry measures (i.e., asymmetry index, AI) derived from voxel-based morphometry using a 2 (diagnosis: ASD vs. TC)?× ?2 (sex: female vs. male) factorial design. A diagnosis-by-sex interaction effect was identified in the planum temporale/Heschl's gyrus: (i) compared to females, males exhibited decreased AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) in the TC group, whereas AI was greater (indicating less leftward brain asymmetry) for males than for females in the ASD group; and (ii) females with ASD showed reduced AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) compared to female TCs, whereas there were no differences between ASDs and TCs in the male group. This interaction pattern supports the FPE theory in showing greater brain structure changes (masculinization) in females with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: To understand the neural mechanisms underlying male predominance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we investigated the sex differences in ASD-related alterations in brain asymmetry. We found greater changes in females with ASD compared with males with ASD, revealing a female protective effect. These findings provide novel insights into the neurobiology of sex differences in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2506 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-6 (June 2021) . - p.1115-1126[article] Sex differentiation of brain structures in autism: Findings from a gray matter asymmetry study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Z. DENG, Auteur ; S. WANG, Auteur . - p.1115-1126.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-6 (June 2021) . - p.1115-1126
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Female Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Sex Differentiation Mri autism brain gray matter gray matter asymmetry sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed much more often in males than females. This male predominance has prompted a number of studies to examine how sex differences are related to the neural expression of ASD. Different theories, such as the "extreme male brain" theory, the "female protective effect" (FPE) theory, and the gender incoherence (GI) theory, provide different explanations for the mixed findings of sex-related neural expression of ASD. This study sought to clarify whether either theory applies to the brain structure in individuals with ASD by analyzing a selective high-quality data subset from an open data resource (Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I and II) including 35 males/35 females with ASD and 86 male/86 female typical-controls (TCs). We examined the sex-related changes in ASD in gray matter asymmetry measures (i.e., asymmetry index, AI) derived from voxel-based morphometry using a 2 (diagnosis: ASD vs. TC)?× ?2 (sex: female vs. male) factorial design. A diagnosis-by-sex interaction effect was identified in the planum temporale/Heschl's gyrus: (i) compared to females, males exhibited decreased AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) in the TC group, whereas AI was greater (indicating less leftward brain asymmetry) for males than for females in the ASD group; and (ii) females with ASD showed reduced AI (indicating more leftward brain asymmetry) compared to female TCs, whereas there were no differences between ASDs and TCs in the male group. This interaction pattern supports the FPE theory in showing greater brain structure changes (masculinization) in females with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: To understand the neural mechanisms underlying male predominance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we investigated the sex differences in ASD-related alterations in brain asymmetry. We found greater changes in females with ASD compared with males with ASD, revealing a female protective effect. These findings provide novel insights into the neurobiology of sex differences in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2506 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 Association of adverse childhood experiences and precuneus volume with intrusive reexperiencing in autism spectrum disorder / S. KITAMURA in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)
[article]
Titre : Association of adverse childhood experiences and precuneus volume with intrusive reexperiencing in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. KITAMURA, Auteur ; M. MAKINODAN, Auteur ; K. MATSUOKA, Auteur ; M. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; H. YOSHIKAWA, Auteur ; R. ISHIDA, Auteur ; N. KISHIMOTO, Auteur ; F. YASUNO, Auteur ; Y. YASUDA, Auteur ; R. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. MIYASAKA, Auteur ; K. KICHIKAWA, Auteur ; T. KISHIMOTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1886-1895 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Adverse Childhood Experiences Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Child Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parietal Lobe/diagnostic imaging autism spectrum disorder gray matter parietal lobe post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to typically developing (TD) children, people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Exposure to ACEs is associated with adult ASD psychological comorbidities, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Occurrence of intrusive event reexperiencing, characteristic of PTSD, often causes social dysfunction in adults with ASD, but its pathological basis is unclear. This study examined brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing and explored whether ACE severity was associated with that of intrusive reexperiencing and/or extracted regional gray matter volume. Forty-six individuals with ASD and 41 TD subjects underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation of ACEs and intrusive reexperiencing. Brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing in both groups were identified by voxel-based whole brain analyses. Associations among the severity of intrusive reexperiencing, that of ACEs, and gray matter volume were examined in both groups. The severities of intrusive reexperiencing and ACEs were significantly associated with reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus in individuals with ASD but not in TD subjects. Although the right precuneus gray matter volume was smaller in individuals with ASD and severe ACEs than in those with mild ACEs or TD subjects, it was similar in the latter two groups. However, ACE-dependent gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus led to intrusive reexperiencing in individuals with ASD. This suggests that exposure to ACEs is associated with right precuneus gray matter reduction, which is critical for intrusive reexperiencing in adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and of subsequent manifestation of intrusive reexperiencing of stressful life events. The present study found that reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus of the brain was associated with more severe intrusive reexperiencing of ACEs by individuals with ASD. These results suggest that ACEs affect neural development in the precuneus, which is the pathological basis of intrusive event reexperiencing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1886-1895[article] Association of adverse childhood experiences and precuneus volume with intrusive reexperiencing in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. KITAMURA, Auteur ; M. MAKINODAN, Auteur ; K. MATSUOKA, Auteur ; M. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; H. YOSHIKAWA, Auteur ; R. ISHIDA, Auteur ; N. KISHIMOTO, Auteur ; F. YASUNO, Auteur ; Y. YASUDA, Auteur ; R. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. MIYASAKA, Auteur ; K. KICHIKAWA, Auteur ; T. KISHIMOTO, Auteur . - p.1886-1895.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1886-1895
Mots-clés : Adult Adverse Childhood Experiences Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Child Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parietal Lobe/diagnostic imaging autism spectrum disorder gray matter parietal lobe post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to typically developing (TD) children, people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Exposure to ACEs is associated with adult ASD psychological comorbidities, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Occurrence of intrusive event reexperiencing, characteristic of PTSD, often causes social dysfunction in adults with ASD, but its pathological basis is unclear. This study examined brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing and explored whether ACE severity was associated with that of intrusive reexperiencing and/or extracted regional gray matter volume. Forty-six individuals with ASD and 41 TD subjects underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation of ACEs and intrusive reexperiencing. Brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing in both groups were identified by voxel-based whole brain analyses. Associations among the severity of intrusive reexperiencing, that of ACEs, and gray matter volume were examined in both groups. The severities of intrusive reexperiencing and ACEs were significantly associated with reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus in individuals with ASD but not in TD subjects. Although the right precuneus gray matter volume was smaller in individuals with ASD and severe ACEs than in those with mild ACEs or TD subjects, it was similar in the latter two groups. However, ACE-dependent gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus led to intrusive reexperiencing in individuals with ASD. This suggests that exposure to ACEs is associated with right precuneus gray matter reduction, which is critical for intrusive reexperiencing in adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and of subsequent manifestation of intrusive reexperiencing of stressful life events. The present study found that reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus of the brain was associated with more severe intrusive reexperiencing of ACEs by individuals with ASD. These results suggest that ACEs affect neural development in the precuneus, which is the pathological basis of intrusive event reexperiencing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 Cerebral volumetric abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis type 1: associations with parent ratings of social and attention problems, executive dysfunction, and autistic mannerisms / S. C. HUIJBREGTS in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : Cerebral volumetric abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis type 1: associations with parent ratings of social and attention problems, executive dysfunction, and autistic mannerisms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. C. HUIJBREGTS, Auteur ; M. LOITFELDER, Auteur ; S. A. ROMBOUTS, Auteur ; H. SWAAB, Auteur ; B. M. VERBIST, Auteur ; E. B. ARKINK, Auteur ; M. A. VAN BUCHEM, Auteur ; I. M. VEER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.32 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Executive and social functioning Gray matter Magnetic resonance imaging Neurofibromatosis type 1 Subcortical volume Voxel-based morphometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a single-gene neurodevelopmental disorder, in which social and cognitive problems are highly prevalent. Several commonly observed central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in NF1 might underlie these social and cognitive problems. Cerebral volumetric abnormalities are among the most consistently observed CNS abnormalities in NF1. This study investigated whether differences were present between NF1 patients and healthy controls (HC) in volumetric measures of cortical and subcortical brain regions and whether differential associations existed for NF1 patients and HC between the volumetric measures and parent ratings of social skills, attention problems, social problems, autistic mannerisms, and executive dysfunction. METHODS: Fifteen NF1 patients (mean age 12.9 years, SD 2.6) and 18 healthy controls (HC, mean age 13.8 years, SD 3.6) underwent 3 T MRI scanning. Segmentation of cortical gray and white matter, as well as volumetry of subcortical nuclei, was carried out. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to assess cortical gray matter density. Correlations were calculated, for NF1-patients and HC separately, between MRI parameters and scores on selected dimensions of the following behavior rating scales: the Social Skills Rating System, the Child Behavior Checklist, the Social Responsiveness Scale, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. RESULTS: After correction for age, sex, and intracranial volume, larger volumes of all subcortical regions were found in NF1 patients compared to controls. Patients further showed decreased gray matter density in midline regions of the frontal and parietal lobes and larger total white matter volume. Significantly more social and attention problems, more autistic mannerisms, and poorer executive functioning were reported for NF1 patients compared to HC. In NF1 patients, larger left putamen volume and larger total white matter volume were associated with more social problems and poorer executive functioning, larger right amygdala volume with poorer executive functioning and autistic mannerisms, and smaller precentral gyrus gray matter density was associated with more social problems. In controls, only significant negative correlations were observed: larger volumes (and greater gray matter density) were associated with better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Widespread volumetric differences between patients and controls were found in cortical and subcortical brain regions. In NF1 patients but not HC, larger volumes were associated with poorer behavior ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9128-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=348
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.32[article] Cerebral volumetric abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis type 1: associations with parent ratings of social and attention problems, executive dysfunction, and autistic mannerisms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. C. HUIJBREGTS, Auteur ; M. LOITFELDER, Auteur ; S. A. ROMBOUTS, Auteur ; H. SWAAB, Auteur ; B. M. VERBIST, Auteur ; E. B. ARKINK, Auteur ; M. A. VAN BUCHEM, Auteur ; I. M. VEER, Auteur . - p.32.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 7-1 (December 2015) . - p.32
Mots-clés : Executive and social functioning Gray matter Magnetic resonance imaging Neurofibromatosis type 1 Subcortical volume Voxel-based morphometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a single-gene neurodevelopmental disorder, in which social and cognitive problems are highly prevalent. Several commonly observed central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in NF1 might underlie these social and cognitive problems. Cerebral volumetric abnormalities are among the most consistently observed CNS abnormalities in NF1. This study investigated whether differences were present between NF1 patients and healthy controls (HC) in volumetric measures of cortical and subcortical brain regions and whether differential associations existed for NF1 patients and HC between the volumetric measures and parent ratings of social skills, attention problems, social problems, autistic mannerisms, and executive dysfunction. METHODS: Fifteen NF1 patients (mean age 12.9 years, SD 2.6) and 18 healthy controls (HC, mean age 13.8 years, SD 3.6) underwent 3 T MRI scanning. Segmentation of cortical gray and white matter, as well as volumetry of subcortical nuclei, was carried out. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to assess cortical gray matter density. Correlations were calculated, for NF1-patients and HC separately, between MRI parameters and scores on selected dimensions of the following behavior rating scales: the Social Skills Rating System, the Child Behavior Checklist, the Social Responsiveness Scale, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. RESULTS: After correction for age, sex, and intracranial volume, larger volumes of all subcortical regions were found in NF1 patients compared to controls. Patients further showed decreased gray matter density in midline regions of the frontal and parietal lobes and larger total white matter volume. Significantly more social and attention problems, more autistic mannerisms, and poorer executive functioning were reported for NF1 patients compared to HC. In NF1 patients, larger left putamen volume and larger total white matter volume were associated with more social problems and poorer executive functioning, larger right amygdala volume with poorer executive functioning and autistic mannerisms, and smaller precentral gyrus gray matter density was associated with more social problems. In controls, only significant negative correlations were observed: larger volumes (and greater gray matter density) were associated with better outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Widespread volumetric differences between patients and controls were found in cortical and subcortical brain regions. In NF1 patients but not HC, larger volumes were associated with poorer behavior ratings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9128-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=348
[article]
Titre : Cortical Changes Across the Autism Lifespan Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karol OSIPOWICZ, Auteur ; Danielle D. BOSENBARK, Auteur ; Kristina E. PATRICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.379-385 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism neuroimaging brain development gray matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although it is widely accepted that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves neuroanatomical abnormalities and atypical neurodevelopmental patterns, there is little consensus regarding the precise pattern of neuroanatomical differences or how these differences relate to autism symptomology. Furthermore, there is limited research related to neuroanatomical correlates of autism symptomology in individuals with ASD and the studies that do exist primarily include small samples. This study was the first to investigate gray matter (GM) changes throughout the ASD lifespan, using voxel-based morphometry to determine whether significant differences exist in the GM volumes of a large sample of individuals with ASD compared to age- and IQ-matched typical controls. We examined GM volume across the lifespan in 531 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 571 neurotypical controls, aged 7–64. We compared groups and correlated GM with age and autism severity in the ASD group. Findings suggest bilateral decreased GM volume for individuals with ASD in regions extending from the thalamus to the cerebellum, anterior medial temporal lobes, and orbitofrontal regions. Higher autism severity was associated with decreased GM volumes in prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal and temporal regions, and temporal poles. Similar relationships were found between GM volume and age. ASD diagnosis and severity were not associated with increased GM volumes in any region. Autism Res 2015, 8: 379–385. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268
in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.379-385[article] Cortical Changes Across the Autism Lifespan [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karol OSIPOWICZ, Auteur ; Danielle D. BOSENBARK, Auteur ; Kristina E. PATRICK, Auteur . - p.379-385.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 8-4 (August 2015) . - p.379-385
Mots-clés : autism neuroimaging brain development gray matter Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although it is widely accepted that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves neuroanatomical abnormalities and atypical neurodevelopmental patterns, there is little consensus regarding the precise pattern of neuroanatomical differences or how these differences relate to autism symptomology. Furthermore, there is limited research related to neuroanatomical correlates of autism symptomology in individuals with ASD and the studies that do exist primarily include small samples. This study was the first to investigate gray matter (GM) changes throughout the ASD lifespan, using voxel-based morphometry to determine whether significant differences exist in the GM volumes of a large sample of individuals with ASD compared to age- and IQ-matched typical controls. We examined GM volume across the lifespan in 531 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 571 neurotypical controls, aged 7–64. We compared groups and correlated GM with age and autism severity in the ASD group. Findings suggest bilateral decreased GM volume for individuals with ASD in regions extending from the thalamus to the cerebellum, anterior medial temporal lobes, and orbitofrontal regions. Higher autism severity was associated with decreased GM volumes in prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal and temporal regions, and temporal poles. Similar relationships were found between GM volume and age. ASD diagnosis and severity were not associated with increased GM volumes in any region. Autism Res 2015, 8: 379–385. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1453 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=268 The neuroanatomy of the autistic phenotype / Cherine FAHIM in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-2 (April-June 2012)
[article]
Titre : The neuroanatomy of the autistic phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cherine FAHIM, Auteur ; Nagwa A. MEGUID, Auteur ; Neveen H. NASHAAT, Auteur ; Uicheul YOON, Auteur ; Adham MANCINI-MARIE, Auteur ; Alan C. EVANS, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.898-906 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Fragile X syndrome Williams syndrome Gray matter White matter Neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism phenotype is associated with an excess of brain volume due in part to decreased pruning during development. Here we aimed at assessing brain volume early in development to further elucidate previous findings in autism and determine whether this pattern is restricted to idiopathic autism or shared within the autistic phenotype (fragile X syndrome [FXS]). We investigated brain volume in 37 participants, using the fully automated Civet pipeline anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. 3 groups with intellectual deficiency: autism (AUT); its most associated FXS; and its most opposite Williams syndrome (WS) were compared with each other and with normal controls (NC). We report increased total and regional gray and white matter brain volume in AUT and FXS relative to WS and NC. These findings are discussed in light of the possibilities leading for the enlarged brain volume in children with the AUT phenotype. We speculate that this excess suggests reduced regression of neuronal processes “pruning” in cortical and subcortical regions in AUT/FXS, which may be due to a mutation in specific genes involved in pruning and/or a lack of socio-emotional environmental experience during a critical developmental period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.11.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.898-906[article] The neuroanatomy of the autistic phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cherine FAHIM, Auteur ; Nagwa A. MEGUID, Auteur ; Neveen H. NASHAAT, Auteur ; Uicheul YOON, Auteur ; Adham MANCINI-MARIE, Auteur ; Alan C. EVANS, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.898-906.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.898-906
Mots-clés : Autism Fragile X syndrome Williams syndrome Gray matter White matter Neuroimaging Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The autism phenotype is associated with an excess of brain volume due in part to decreased pruning during development. Here we aimed at assessing brain volume early in development to further elucidate previous findings in autism and determine whether this pattern is restricted to idiopathic autism or shared within the autistic phenotype (fragile X syndrome [FXS]). We investigated brain volume in 37 participants, using the fully automated Civet pipeline anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. 3 groups with intellectual deficiency: autism (AUT); its most associated FXS; and its most opposite Williams syndrome (WS) were compared with each other and with normal controls (NC). We report increased total and regional gray and white matter brain volume in AUT and FXS relative to WS and NC. These findings are discussed in light of the possibilities leading for the enlarged brain volume in children with the AUT phenotype. We speculate that this excess suggests reduced regression of neuronal processes “pruning” in cortical and subcortical regions in AUT/FXS, which may be due to a mutation in specific genes involved in pruning and/or a lack of socio-emotional environmental experience during a critical developmental period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.11.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150 Visual search for feature conjunctions: an fMRI study comparing alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) to ADHD / C. R. O'CONAILL in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)
PermalinkThinning faster? Age-related cortical thickness differences in adults with autism spectrum disorder / B. Blair BRADEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 64 (August 2019)
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