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Interviewing autistic adults: Adaptations to support recall in police, employment, and healthcare interviews / Jade Eloise NORRIS in Autism, 24-6 (August 2020)
[article]
Titre : Interviewing autistic adults: Adaptations to support recall in police, employment, and healthcare interviews Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1506-1520 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism criminal justice system employment episodic healthcare interviewing memory preparation recall task support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : During many types of interviews (e.g. in employment, with the police, and in healthcare), we need to recall detailed memories of specific events, which can be difficult for autistic people in response to commonly used questions. This is especially because these tend to be open questions (i.e. very broad). Autistic people have disproportionately high rates of physical and mental health conditions, are more likely to interact with police, and are the most underemployed disability group. However, interviewers are often unsure about how to adapt their communication for autistic people.Our research tested whether different types of prompts enabled autistic people to recall specific memories (memories of a single event within one day). Participants were asked about situations relating to witnessing a crime (e.g. at the bank), physical or mental health scenarios and employment interviews (e.g. a time you've met a deadline).We tested the following:Open questions: basic questions only (e.g. 'tell me about a time you went to the cinema'),Semantic prompting: a general prompt (e.g. 'do you enjoy going to the cinema?') before asking for a specific instance ('tell me about a time you went to the cinema?'),Visual-verbal prompting: asking participants to recall when it happened, who was there, the actions that occurred, the setting, and any objects.With visual-verbal prompting, autistic and typically developing participants' memories were more specific and detailed. Semantic prompting was also effective for employment questions. Our study shows that autistic people can recall specific memories when they are appropriately prompted. Visual-verbal prompting may be effective across different situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320909174 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428
in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1506-1520[article] Interviewing autistic adults: Adaptations to support recall in police, employment, and healthcare interviews [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Katie MARAS, Auteur . - p.1506-1520.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1506-1520
Mots-clés : autism criminal justice system employment episodic healthcare interviewing memory preparation recall task support Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : During many types of interviews (e.g. in employment, with the police, and in healthcare), we need to recall detailed memories of specific events, which can be difficult for autistic people in response to commonly used questions. This is especially because these tend to be open questions (i.e. very broad). Autistic people have disproportionately high rates of physical and mental health conditions, are more likely to interact with police, and are the most underemployed disability group. However, interviewers are often unsure about how to adapt their communication for autistic people.Our research tested whether different types of prompts enabled autistic people to recall specific memories (memories of a single event within one day). Participants were asked about situations relating to witnessing a crime (e.g. at the bank), physical or mental health scenarios and employment interviews (e.g. a time you've met a deadline).We tested the following:Open questions: basic questions only (e.g. 'tell me about a time you went to the cinema'),Semantic prompting: a general prompt (e.g. 'do you enjoy going to the cinema?') before asking for a specific instance ('tell me about a time you went to the cinema?'),Visual-verbal prompting: asking participants to recall when it happened, who was there, the actions that occurred, the setting, and any objects.With visual-verbal prompting, autistic and typically developing participants' memories were more specific and detailed. Semantic prompting was also effective for employment questions. Our study shows that autistic people can recall specific memories when they are appropriately prompted. Visual-verbal prompting may be effective across different situations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320909174 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428 The Witness-Aimed First Account (WAFA): A new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses and victims / Katie MARAS in Autism, 24-6 (August 2020)
[article]
Titre : The Witness-Aimed First Account (WAFA): A new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses and victims Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Coral J. DANDO, Auteur ; Heather STEPHENSON, Auteur ; Anna LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Sebastian GAIGG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1449-1467 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Criminal Justice System autism event segmentation interviewing memory narratives police support victim witness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people may be more likely to be interviewed by police as a victim/witness, yet they experience social communication difficulties alongside specific memory difficulties that can impact their ability to recall information from memory. Police interviewing techniques do not take account of these differences, and so are often ineffective. We developed a new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses, referred to a Witness-Aimed First Account, which was designed to better support differences in the way that autistic witnesses process information in memory. The Witness-Aimed First Account technique encourages witnesses to first segment the witnessed event into discrete, parameter-bound event topics, which are then displayed on post-it notes while the witness goes onto freely recall as much information as they can from within each parameter-bound topic in turn. Since witnessed events are rarely cohesive stories with a logical chain of events, we also explored autistic and non-autistic witnesses' recall when the events were witnessed in a random (nonsensical) order. Thirty-three autistic and 30 typically developing participants were interviewed about their memory for two videos depicting criminal events. Clip segments of one video were 'scrambled', disrupting the event's narrative structure; the other video was watched intact. Although both autistic and non-autistic witnesses recalled fewer details with less accuracy from the scrambled video, Witness-Aimed First Account interviews resulted in more detailed and accurate recall from both autistic and non-autistic witnesses, for both scrambled and unscrambled videos. The Witness-Aimed First Account technique may be a useful tool to improve witnesses' accounts within a legally appropriate, non-leading framework. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320908986 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428
in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1449-1467[article] The Witness-Aimed First Account (WAFA): A new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses and victims [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Coral J. DANDO, Auteur ; Heather STEPHENSON, Auteur ; Anna LAMBRECHTS, Auteur ; Sophie ANNS, Auteur ; Sebastian GAIGG, Auteur . - p.1449-1467.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1449-1467
Mots-clés : Criminal Justice System autism event segmentation interviewing memory narratives police support victim witness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people may be more likely to be interviewed by police as a victim/witness, yet they experience social communication difficulties alongside specific memory difficulties that can impact their ability to recall information from memory. Police interviewing techniques do not take account of these differences, and so are often ineffective. We developed a new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses, referred to a Witness-Aimed First Account, which was designed to better support differences in the way that autistic witnesses process information in memory. The Witness-Aimed First Account technique encourages witnesses to first segment the witnessed event into discrete, parameter-bound event topics, which are then displayed on post-it notes while the witness goes onto freely recall as much information as they can from within each parameter-bound topic in turn. Since witnessed events are rarely cohesive stories with a logical chain of events, we also explored autistic and non-autistic witnesses' recall when the events were witnessed in a random (nonsensical) order. Thirty-three autistic and 30 typically developing participants were interviewed about their memory for two videos depicting criminal events. Clip segments of one video were 'scrambled', disrupting the event's narrative structure; the other video was watched intact. Although both autistic and non-autistic witnesses recalled fewer details with less accuracy from the scrambled video, Witness-Aimed First Account interviews resulted in more detailed and accurate recall from both autistic and non-autistic witnesses, for both scrambled and unscrambled videos. The Witness-Aimed First Account technique may be a useful tool to improve witnesses' accounts within a legally appropriate, non-leading framework. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320908986 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428 Brief Report: Improving Employment Interview Self-efficacy Among Adults with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities Using Virtual Interactive Training Agents (ViTA) / Shanna L. BURKE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-2 (February 2021)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Improving Employment Interview Self-efficacy Among Adults with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities Using Virtual Interactive Training Agents (ViTA) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shanna L. BURKE, Auteur ; Tan LI, Auteur ; Adrienne GRUDZIEN, Auteur ; Stephanie GARCIA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.741-748 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Employment Intellectual disabilities Interviewing Self-efficacy Virtual interactive training agents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study evaluated the measurable impact of the use of virtual interactive training agents (ViTA) as a way to practice interviewing and gain confidence in responding to questions asked during job interviews. Of the total participants (n?=?153), the majority were male (72.55%) with an average age of 21.71 years old (SD?=?3.14 years). Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs; 64.71%) and intellectual disability (40%) were the most frequently reported diagnoses. Using a within-subjects repeated measures design, the repeated measures linear regression analysis found that the average self-efficacy score increased by 0.31 (p?=?0.002), and statistically significant increases were found in all three subscales. Further development of virtual reality interventions like ViTA, that improve outcomes for adults with ASDs and other developmental disabilities, is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04571-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-2 (February 2021) . - p.741-748[article] Brief Report: Improving Employment Interview Self-efficacy Among Adults with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities Using Virtual Interactive Training Agents (ViTA) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shanna L. BURKE, Auteur ; Tan LI, Auteur ; Adrienne GRUDZIEN, Auteur ; Stephanie GARCIA, Auteur . - p.741-748.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-2 (February 2021) . - p.741-748
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders Employment Intellectual disabilities Interviewing Self-efficacy Virtual interactive training agents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study evaluated the measurable impact of the use of virtual interactive training agents (ViTA) as a way to practice interviewing and gain confidence in responding to questions asked during job interviews. Of the total participants (n?=?153), the majority were male (72.55%) with an average age of 21.71 years old (SD?=?3.14 years). Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs; 64.71%) and intellectual disability (40%) were the most frequently reported diagnoses. Using a within-subjects repeated measures design, the repeated measures linear regression analysis found that the average self-efficacy score increased by 0.31 (p?=?0.002), and statistically significant increases were found in all three subscales. Further development of virtual reality interventions like ViTA, that improve outcomes for adults with ASDs and other developmental disabilities, is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04571-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440 Ameliorating the disadvantage for autistic job seekers: An initial evaluation of adapted employment interview questions / Katie MARAS in Autism, 25-4 (May 2021)
[article]
Titre : Ameliorating the disadvantage for autistic job seekers: An initial evaluation of adapted employment interview questions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Jemma NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Brett HEASMAN, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1060-1075 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adaptations autism employment impression management interviewing perceptions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite possessing valuable skills, differences in the way that autistic people understand and respond to others in social situations mean that they are frequently disadvantaged in job interviews. We examined how autistic and non-autistic adults compared on standard (unmodified) job interview questions, and then used these findings to develop and evaluate supportive adaptations to questions. Fifty adults (25 autistic, 25 non-autistic) took part in two mock job interviews. Interview 1 provided a baseline measure of performance when answering typical, unmodified interview questions. Employment experts (unaware of participants' autism diagnoses) rated all interviewees on their responses to each question and their overall impressions of them and then provided feedback about how interviewees could improve and how questions could be adapted to facilitate this. Interviewees also provided feedback about the interview process, from their perspective. Adaptations to the questions were developed, with Interview 2 taking place approximately 6?months later. Results demonstrated that, in Interview 1, employment experts rated autistic interviewees less favourably than non-autistic interviewees. Ratings of both autistic and non-autistic participants' answers improved in Interview 2, but particularly for autistic interviewees (such that differences between autistic and non-autistic interviewees' performance reduced in Interview 2). Employers should be aware that adaptations to job interview questions are critical to level the playing field for autistic candidates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320981319 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444
in Autism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1060-1075[article] Ameliorating the disadvantage for autistic job seekers: An initial evaluation of adapted employment interview questions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Jade Eloise NORRIS, Auteur ; Jemma NICHOLSON, Auteur ; Brett HEASMAN, Auteur ; Anna REMINGTON, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur . - p.1060-1075.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 25-4 (May 2021) . - p.1060-1075
Mots-clés : adaptations autism employment impression management interviewing perceptions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Despite possessing valuable skills, differences in the way that autistic people understand and respond to others in social situations mean that they are frequently disadvantaged in job interviews. We examined how autistic and non-autistic adults compared on standard (unmodified) job interview questions, and then used these findings to develop and evaluate supportive adaptations to questions. Fifty adults (25 autistic, 25 non-autistic) took part in two mock job interviews. Interview 1 provided a baseline measure of performance when answering typical, unmodified interview questions. Employment experts (unaware of participants' autism diagnoses) rated all interviewees on their responses to each question and their overall impressions of them and then provided feedback about how interviewees could improve and how questions could be adapted to facilitate this. Interviewees also provided feedback about the interview process, from their perspective. Adaptations to the questions were developed, with Interview 2 taking place approximately 6?months later. Results demonstrated that, in Interview 1, employment experts rated autistic interviewees less favourably than non-autistic interviewees. Ratings of both autistic and non-autistic participants' answers improved in Interview 2, but particularly for autistic interviewees (such that differences between autistic and non-autistic interviewees' performance reduced in Interview 2). Employers should be aware that adaptations to job interview questions are critical to level the playing field for autistic candidates. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320981319 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings / Katie MARAS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 68 (December 2019)
[article]
Titre : Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Ian WALKER, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.101442 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Witness Credibility Diagnosis disclosure Interviewing Jurors Perceptions Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) exhibit a number of atypical behaviours that may be relied upon by jurors when making judgements about their credibility as witnesses. The current study aimed to: (1) examine whether autistic witnesses were perceived as less credible than typically developing (TD) witnesses, irrespective of the number of correct details they reported; and (2) determine whether mock jurors’ credibility ratings of autistic witnesses improved if they were aware of their autism diagnoses and were provided with information about autism. Method One-hundred-and-twenty-five mock jurors rated the credibility of video testimony of 17 autistic and 17 TD witness participants recalling an event. Half of the juror participants were informed that some of the witnesses were autistic and were provided with information about autism; the other half received no information about witnesses’ diagnoses. Results Contrary to predictions, autistic witnesses were seen to be as credible as TD witnesses when no information about their diagnosis was provided. However, when jurors were informed that a witness was autistic and were also provided with further information about autism, they were rated as slightly more credible than TD witnesses. Credibility ratings were only predicted by jurors’ prior knowledge/experience of autism when they were explicitly informed of witnesses’ autism diagnoses. Conclusions These results indicate that disclosing one’s autism diagnosis (alongside further information about autism) may result in a positive bias in terms of witnesses’ perceived credibility. Implications for jury instructions and future research directions are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101442 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101442[article] Brief report: Perceived credibility of autistic witnesses and the effect of diagnostic information on credibility ratings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Katie MARAS, Auteur ; Laura CRANE, Auteur ; Ian WALKER, Auteur ; Amina MEMON, Auteur . - p.101442.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 68 (December 2019) . - p.101442
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Witness Credibility Diagnosis disclosure Interviewing Jurors Perceptions Criminal justice Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background People with autism spectrum disorder (henceforth, autism) exhibit a number of atypical behaviours that may be relied upon by jurors when making judgements about their credibility as witnesses. The current study aimed to: (1) examine whether autistic witnesses were perceived as less credible than typically developing (TD) witnesses, irrespective of the number of correct details they reported; and (2) determine whether mock jurors’ credibility ratings of autistic witnesses improved if they were aware of their autism diagnoses and were provided with information about autism. Method One-hundred-and-twenty-five mock jurors rated the credibility of video testimony of 17 autistic and 17 TD witness participants recalling an event. Half of the juror participants were informed that some of the witnesses were autistic and were provided with information about autism; the other half received no information about witnesses’ diagnoses. Results Contrary to predictions, autistic witnesses were seen to be as credible as TD witnesses when no information about their diagnosis was provided. However, when jurors were informed that a witness was autistic and were also provided with further information about autism, they were rated as slightly more credible than TD witnesses. Credibility ratings were only predicted by jurors’ prior knowledge/experience of autism when they were explicitly informed of witnesses’ autism diagnoses. Conclusions These results indicate that disclosing one’s autism diagnosis (alongside further information about autism) may result in a positive bias in terms of witnesses’ perceived credibility. Implications for jury instructions and future research directions are discussed. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.101442 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 Experiences of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Policing in England and Wales: Surveying Police and the Autism Community / Laura CRANE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)
PermalinkEyewitness Testimony in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review / Katie L. MARAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-11 (November 2014)
PermalinkJobTIPS: A Transition to Employment Program for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Dorothy C. STRICKLAND in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-10 (October 2013)
PermalinkMetacognitive Monitoring and Control of Eyewitness Memory Reports in Autism / Katie MARAS in Autism Research, 13-11 (November 2020)
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