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Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder / Marilena M. DEMAYO in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)
[article]
Titre : Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.859-872 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) biomarker children magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) neurochemistry parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12?year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p?= 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444
in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872[article] Age-related parietal GABA alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marilena M. DEMAYO, Auteur ; Ashley D. HARRIS, Auteur ; Yun Ju C. SONG, Auteur ; Izabella POKORSKI, Auteur ; Rinku THAPA, Auteur ; Shrujna PATEL, Auteur ; Zahava AMBARCHI, Auteur ; Emma E. THOMAS, Auteur ; Ian B. HICKIE, Auteur ; Adam J. GUASTELLA, Auteur . - p.859-872.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-5 (May 2021) . - p.859-872
Mots-clés : GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) biomarker children magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) neurochemistry parietal lobe Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and is essential to the balance of cortical excitation and inhibition. Reductions in GABA are proposed to result in an overly excitatory cortex that may cause, or contribute to, symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore GABA+ differences in ASD and the impact of age, comparing 4-12?year olds with ASD (N = 24) to typically developing children (N = 35). GABA+ concentration was measured using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the left parietal lobe. This study used a mixed model to investigate group differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. There was a significant difference in GABA+ levels between the groups, a significant effect of age and interaction between age and diagnostic group. The ASD group showed an association between GABA+ and age, with GABA+ levels gradually increasing with age (r = 0.59, p = 0.003). Typically developing children did not show age-related change in GABA+ concentration (r = 0.09, p?= 0.60). By the age of 9, children with ASD showed GABA+ levels that were comparable to their typically developing peers. This study suggests that children with ASD have initially lower levels of GABA+ in the left parietal lobe compared to typically developing children, and that these initially lower levels of GABA+ increase with age in ASD within this region. It is suggested that this developmental shift of GABA+ levels within the left parietal lobe provides a possible explanation for the previously found reductions in childhood that does not persist in adults. LAY SUMMARY: This study measured levels of GABA in the left parietal lobe using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in children with ASD and typically developing children. GABA levels were initially lower in the ASD group, and increased with age, while GABA did not change with age in the typically developing group. This suggests that alterations in GABA signaling may be associated with ASD in childhood. Autism Res 2021, 14: 859-872. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals LLC. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 The neural correlates of visuo-spatial working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder: effects of cognitive load / V. M. VOGAN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)
[article]
Titre : The neural correlates of visuo-spatial working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder: effects of cognitive load Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : V. M. VOGAN, Auteur ; B. R. MORGAN, Auteur ; W. LEE, Auteur ; T. L. POWELL, Auteur ; M. L. SMITH, Auteur ; M. J. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.19 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Cognitive load Executive function Frontal lobe Functional magnetic resonance imaging Parietal lobe Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research on the neural bases of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has shown that working memory (WM) difficulties are associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. However, cognitive load impacts these findings, and no studies have examined the relation between WM load and neural underpinnings in children with ASD. Thus, the current study determined the effects of cognitive load on WM, using a visuo-spatial WM capacity task in children with and without ASD with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: We used fMRI and a 1-back colour matching task (CMT) task with four levels of difficulty to compare the cortical activation patterns associated with WM in children (7-13 years old) with high functioning autism (N = 19) and matched controls (N = 17) across cognitive load. RESULTS: Performance on CMT was comparable between groups, with the exception of one difficulty level. Using linear trend analyses, the control group showed increasing activation as a function of difficulty level in frontal and parietal lobes, particularly between the highest difficulty levels, and decreasing activation as a function of difficulty level in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri. In contrast, children with ASD showed increasing activation only in posterior brain regions and decreasing activation in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri, as a function of difficulty level. Significant differences were found in the precuneus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial premotor cortex, where control children showed greater positive linear relations between cortical activity and task difficulty level, particularly at the highest difficulty levels, but children with ASD did not show these trends. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD showed differences in activation in the frontal and parietal lobes-both critical substrates for visuo-spatial WM. Our data suggest that children with ASD rely mainly on posterior brain regions associated with visual and lower level processing, whereas controls showed activity in frontal lobes related to the classic WM network. Findings will help guide future work by localizing areas of vulnerability to developmental disturbances. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-19 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.19[article] The neural correlates of visuo-spatial working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder: effects of cognitive load [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / V. M. VOGAN, Auteur ; B. R. MORGAN, Auteur ; W. LEE, Auteur ; T. L. POWELL, Auteur ; M. L. SMITH, Auteur ; M. J. TAYLOR, Auteur . - p.19.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.19
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Cognitive load Executive function Frontal lobe Functional magnetic resonance imaging Parietal lobe Working memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research on the neural bases of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has shown that working memory (WM) difficulties are associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. However, cognitive load impacts these findings, and no studies have examined the relation between WM load and neural underpinnings in children with ASD. Thus, the current study determined the effects of cognitive load on WM, using a visuo-spatial WM capacity task in children with and without ASD with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: We used fMRI and a 1-back colour matching task (CMT) task with four levels of difficulty to compare the cortical activation patterns associated with WM in children (7-13 years old) with high functioning autism (N = 19) and matched controls (N = 17) across cognitive load. RESULTS: Performance on CMT was comparable between groups, with the exception of one difficulty level. Using linear trend analyses, the control group showed increasing activation as a function of difficulty level in frontal and parietal lobes, particularly between the highest difficulty levels, and decreasing activation as a function of difficulty level in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri. In contrast, children with ASD showed increasing activation only in posterior brain regions and decreasing activation in the posterior cingulate and medial frontal gyri, as a function of difficulty level. Significant differences were found in the precuneus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial premotor cortex, where control children showed greater positive linear relations between cortical activity and task difficulty level, particularly at the highest difficulty levels, but children with ASD did not show these trends. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ASD showed differences in activation in the frontal and parietal lobes-both critical substrates for visuo-spatial WM. Our data suggest that children with ASD rely mainly on posterior brain regions associated with visual and lower level processing, whereas controls showed activity in frontal lobes related to the classic WM network. Findings will help guide future work by localizing areas of vulnerability to developmental disturbances. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-19 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 Association of adverse childhood experiences and precuneus volume with intrusive reexperiencing in autism spectrum disorder / S. KITAMURA in Autism Research, 14-9 (September 2021)
[article]
Titre : Association of adverse childhood experiences and precuneus volume with intrusive reexperiencing in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. KITAMURA, Auteur ; M. MAKINODAN, Auteur ; K. MATSUOKA, Auteur ; M. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; H. YOSHIKAWA, Auteur ; R. ISHIDA, Auteur ; N. KISHIMOTO, Auteur ; F. YASUNO, Auteur ; Y. YASUDA, Auteur ; R. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. MIYASAKA, Auteur ; K. KICHIKAWA, Auteur ; T. KISHIMOTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1886-1895 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Adverse Childhood Experiences Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Child Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parietal Lobe/diagnostic imaging autism spectrum disorder gray matter parietal lobe post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to typically developing (TD) children, people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Exposure to ACEs is associated with adult ASD psychological comorbidities, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Occurrence of intrusive event reexperiencing, characteristic of PTSD, often causes social dysfunction in adults with ASD, but its pathological basis is unclear. This study examined brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing and explored whether ACE severity was associated with that of intrusive reexperiencing and/or extracted regional gray matter volume. Forty-six individuals with ASD and 41 TD subjects underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation of ACEs and intrusive reexperiencing. Brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing in both groups were identified by voxel-based whole brain analyses. Associations among the severity of intrusive reexperiencing, that of ACEs, and gray matter volume were examined in both groups. The severities of intrusive reexperiencing and ACEs were significantly associated with reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus in individuals with ASD but not in TD subjects. Although the right precuneus gray matter volume was smaller in individuals with ASD and severe ACEs than in those with mild ACEs or TD subjects, it was similar in the latter two groups. However, ACE-dependent gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus led to intrusive reexperiencing in individuals with ASD. This suggests that exposure to ACEs is associated with right precuneus gray matter reduction, which is critical for intrusive reexperiencing in adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and of subsequent manifestation of intrusive reexperiencing of stressful life events. The present study found that reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus of the brain was associated with more severe intrusive reexperiencing of ACEs by individuals with ASD. These results suggest that ACEs affect neural development in the precuneus, which is the pathological basis of intrusive event reexperiencing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1886-1895[article] Association of adverse childhood experiences and precuneus volume with intrusive reexperiencing in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. KITAMURA, Auteur ; M. MAKINODAN, Auteur ; K. MATSUOKA, Auteur ; M. TAKAHASHI, Auteur ; H. YOSHIKAWA, Auteur ; R. ISHIDA, Auteur ; N. KISHIMOTO, Auteur ; F. YASUNO, Auteur ; Y. YASUDA, Auteur ; R. HASHIMOTO, Auteur ; T. MIYASAKA, Auteur ; K. KICHIKAWA, Auteur ; T. KISHIMOTO, Auteur . - p.1886-1895.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-9 (September 2021) . - p.1886-1895
Mots-clés : Adult Adverse Childhood Experiences Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging Brain/diagnostic imaging Child Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parietal Lobe/diagnostic imaging autism spectrum disorder gray matter parietal lobe post-traumatic stress disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Compared to typically developing (TD) children, people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Exposure to ACEs is associated with adult ASD psychological comorbidities, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Occurrence of intrusive event reexperiencing, characteristic of PTSD, often causes social dysfunction in adults with ASD, but its pathological basis is unclear. This study examined brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing and explored whether ACE severity was associated with that of intrusive reexperiencing and/or extracted regional gray matter volume. Forty-six individuals with ASD and 41 TD subjects underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and evaluation of ACEs and intrusive reexperiencing. Brain regions related to the severity of intrusive reexperiencing in both groups were identified by voxel-based whole brain analyses. Associations among the severity of intrusive reexperiencing, that of ACEs, and gray matter volume were examined in both groups. The severities of intrusive reexperiencing and ACEs were significantly associated with reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus in individuals with ASD but not in TD subjects. Although the right precuneus gray matter volume was smaller in individuals with ASD and severe ACEs than in those with mild ACEs or TD subjects, it was similar in the latter two groups. However, ACE-dependent gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus led to intrusive reexperiencing in individuals with ASD. This suggests that exposure to ACEs is associated with right precuneus gray matter reduction, which is critical for intrusive reexperiencing in adults with ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and of subsequent manifestation of intrusive reexperiencing of stressful life events. The present study found that reduced gray matter volume in the right precuneus of the brain was associated with more severe intrusive reexperiencing of ACEs by individuals with ASD. These results suggest that ACEs affect neural development in the precuneus, which is the pathological basis of intrusive event reexperiencing in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2558 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449