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Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children of War / Abdel Aziz Mousa THABET in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40-3 (March 1999)
[article]
Titre : Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children of War Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Abdel Aziz Mousa THABET, Auteur ; Panos VOSTANIS, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p.385-391 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress war trauma children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aims of this study were to estimate the rate of post-traumatic stress reactions in Palestinian children who experienced war traumas, and to investigate the relationship between trauma-related factors and PTSD reactions. The sample consisted of 239 children of 6 to 11 years of age. Measures included the Rutter A2 (parent) and B2 (teacher) scales, the Gaza Traumatic Event Checklist, and the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index. Of the sample, 174 children (72.8%) reported PTSD reactions of at least mild intensity, while 98 (41%) reported moderate/severe PTSD reactions. Caseness on the Rutter A2 scale was detected in 64 children (26.8%), which correlated well with detection of PTSD reactions, but not with teacher-detected caseness. The total number of experienced traumas was the best predictor of presence and severity of PTSD. Intervention programmes for post-war children need to be evaluated, taking into account developmental and cultural aspects, as well as characteristics of the communities involved. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-3 (March 1999) . - p.385-391[article] Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children of War [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Abdel Aziz Mousa THABET, Auteur ; Panos VOSTANIS, Auteur . - 1999 . - p.385-391.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-3 (March 1999) . - p.385-391
Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress war trauma children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aims of this study were to estimate the rate of post-traumatic stress reactions in Palestinian children who experienced war traumas, and to investigate the relationship between trauma-related factors and PTSD reactions. The sample consisted of 239 children of 6 to 11 years of age. Measures included the Rutter A2 (parent) and B2 (teacher) scales, the Gaza Traumatic Event Checklist, and the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index. Of the sample, 174 children (72.8%) reported PTSD reactions of at least mild intensity, while 98 (41%) reported moderate/severe PTSD reactions. Caseness on the Rutter A2 scale was detected in 64 children (26.8%), which correlated well with detection of PTSD reactions, but not with teacher-detected caseness. The total number of experienced traumas was the best predictor of presence and severity of PTSD. Intervention programmes for post-war children need to be evaluated, taking into account developmental and cultural aspects, as well as characteristics of the communities involved. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124 Post-traumatic Stress Responses Following Liver Transplantation in Older Children / Anne Marie WALKER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40-3 (March 1999)
[article]
Titre : Post-traumatic Stress Responses Following Liver Transplantation in Older Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne Marie WALKER, Auteur ; Gillian HARRIS, Auteur ; Alastair BAKER, Auteur ; Deirdre KELLY, Auteur ; Judith HOUGHTON, Auteur Année de publication : 1999 Article en page(s) : p.363-374 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress paediatric liver transplantation asthma surgical operation children dissociation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eighteen children aged between 7 and 16 years who had undergone a liver transplantation were interviewed using the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI) to discover if they had post-traumatic stress symptoms. A case control design was used to define which factors were important for the development of post-traumatic stress. Results of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with post-traumatic stress symptom intensity as measured on the CPTS-RI as the dependant variable, revealed a significant difference between the liver transplantation group compared with children who had a chronic life-threatening illness or had undergone a routine surgical operation. A post hoc (Tukey's HSD test) statistical analysis was performed and significance at the .05 level was found between the liver transplantation group and both the chronic illness group and the routine surgical operation group. Our results indicate that the acute life-threat involved in the liver transplantation contributed to the development of post-traumatic stress. It was thought that dissociation may be important in preventing the resolution of the trauma. Additional investigations are needed with larger numbers in a longitudinal study beginning before the transplant to determine the course of the PTSD symptoms and the appropriate timing of interventions to reduce the harmful effects of these symptoms. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-3 (March 1999) . - p.363-374[article] Post-traumatic Stress Responses Following Liver Transplantation in Older Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne Marie WALKER, Auteur ; Gillian HARRIS, Auteur ; Alastair BAKER, Auteur ; Deirdre KELLY, Auteur ; Judith HOUGHTON, Auteur . - 1999 . - p.363-374.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 40-3 (March 1999) . - p.363-374
Mots-clés : Post-traumatic stress paediatric liver transplantation asthma surgical operation children dissociation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eighteen children aged between 7 and 16 years who had undergone a liver transplantation were interviewed using the Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI) to discover if they had post-traumatic stress symptoms. A case control design was used to define which factors were important for the development of post-traumatic stress. Results of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with post-traumatic stress symptom intensity as measured on the CPTS-RI as the dependant variable, revealed a significant difference between the liver transplantation group compared with children who had a chronic life-threatening illness or had undergone a routine surgical operation. A post hoc (Tukey's HSD test) statistical analysis was performed and significance at the .05 level was found between the liver transplantation group and both the chronic illness group and the routine surgical operation group. Our results indicate that the acute life-threat involved in the liver transplantation contributed to the development of post-traumatic stress. It was thought that dissociation may be important in preventing the resolution of the trauma. Additional investigations are needed with larger numbers in a longitudinal study beginning before the transplant to determine the course of the PTSD symptoms and the appropriate timing of interventions to reduce the harmful effects of these symptoms. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=124 Childhood adversity and co-occurring post-traumatic stress and externalizing symptoms among a predominantly low-income, African American sample of early adolescents / Erin L. THOMPSON in Development and Psychopathology, 35-1 (February 2023)
[article]
Titre : Childhood adversity and co-occurring post-traumatic stress and externalizing symptoms among a predominantly low-income, African American sample of early adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Erin L. THOMPSON, Auteur ; Kelly E. O?CONNOR, Auteur ; Albert D. FARRELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.383-395 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence adversity childhood externalizing symptoms latent profile analysis post-traumatic stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although there is strong evidence supporting the association between childhood adversity and symptomatology during adolescence, the extent to which adolescents present with distinct patterns of co-occurring post-traumatic stress (PTS) and externalizing symptoms remains unclear. Additionally, prior research suggests that experiencing nonviolent, negative life events may be more salient risk factors for developing some forms of psychopathology than exposure to violence. The current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of early adolescents with distinct patterns of PTS, physical aggression, delinquency, and substance use, and examined subgroup differences in exposure to three forms of violent and nonviolent childhood adversity. Participants were a predominantly low-income, African American sample of 2,722 urban middle school students (M age = 12.9, 51% female). We identified four symptom profiles: low symptoms (83%), some externalizing (8%), high PTS (6%), and co-occurring PTS and externalizing symptoms (3%). A higher frequency of witnessing violence was associated with increased odds of membership in subgroups with externalizing symptoms, whereas a higher frequency of nonviolent, negative life events was associated with increased odds of membership in subgroups with PTS symptoms. Interventions aimed to address childhood adversity may be most effective when modules addressing both PTS and externalizing symptoms are incorporated. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=500
in Development and Psychopathology > 35-1 (February 2023) . - p.383-395[article] Childhood adversity and co-occurring post-traumatic stress and externalizing symptoms among a predominantly low-income, African American sample of early adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Erin L. THOMPSON, Auteur ; Kelly E. O?CONNOR, Auteur ; Albert D. FARRELL, Auteur . - p.383-395.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Development and Psychopathology > 35-1 (February 2023) . - p.383-395
Mots-clés : adolescence adversity childhood externalizing symptoms latent profile analysis post-traumatic stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although there is strong evidence supporting the association between childhood adversity and symptomatology during adolescence, the extent to which adolescents present with distinct patterns of co-occurring post-traumatic stress (PTS) and externalizing symptoms remains unclear. Additionally, prior research suggests that experiencing nonviolent, negative life events may be more salient risk factors for developing some forms of psychopathology than exposure to violence. The current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of early adolescents with distinct patterns of PTS, physical aggression, delinquency, and substance use, and examined subgroup differences in exposure to three forms of violent and nonviolent childhood adversity. Participants were a predominantly low-income, African American sample of 2,722 urban middle school students (M age = 12.9, 51% female). We identified four symptom profiles: low symptoms (83%), some externalizing (8%), high PTS (6%), and co-occurring PTS and externalizing symptoms (3%). A higher frequency of witnessing violence was associated with increased odds of membership in subgroups with externalizing symptoms, whereas a higher frequency of nonviolent, negative life events was associated with increased odds of membership in subgroups with PTS symptoms. Interventions aimed to address childhood adversity may be most effective when modules addressing both PTS and externalizing symptoms are incorporated. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421001383 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=500 Trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among youth exposed to both natural and technological disasters / Joy D. OSOFSKY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-12 (December 2015)
[article]
Titre : Trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among youth exposed to both natural and technological disasters Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joy D. OSOFSKY, Auteur ; Howard J. OSOFSKY, Auteur ; Carl F. WEEMS, Auteur ; Lucy S. KING, Auteur ; Tonya C. HANSEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1347-1355 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Resilience disasters post-traumatic stress trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Theorists and researchers have demonstrated multiple trajectories of symptoms following disasters (Ecology and Society, 13, 2008, 9), highlighting the importance of obtaining more knowledge about exposed youth who demonstrate resilience as well as those who suffer chronic difficulties. This paper examines trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following exposure to hurricanes and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill to increase understanding of resilience and chronic reactions to both natural and technological disasters. Methods A multiwave longitudinal design was used to follow N = 4,619 youth who were evaluated for PTSD symptoms, hurricane exposure, and oil spill exposure/stress at four time points over a period of 4 years. Trajectories were identified with cluster analyses and multilevel modeling. Results Individual trajectories were statistically identified consistent with theory. The largest group exhibited stable-low symptoms (52%), a second group showed steep declines following initial symptoms (21%), a third group exhibited increasing symptoms (18%), and a fourth group showed stable-high symptoms (9%). Both hurricane exposure and oil spill stress predicted trajectories and overall levels of PTSD symptoms. Conclusions Results identified an effect of oil spill stress and hurricane exposure on symptom levels and trajectories of exposed youth. Results provide prospective data to support theories of multiple symptom trajectories following disasters and reinforce the importance of research that utilizes a developmental perspective to consider the long-term effects of disasters in youth. Findings highlight the importance of identifying symptoms and predictors of resilience as well as factors that contribute to resilience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12420 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-12 (December 2015) . - p.1347-1355[article] Trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among youth exposed to both natural and technological disasters [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joy D. OSOFSKY, Auteur ; Howard J. OSOFSKY, Auteur ; Carl F. WEEMS, Auteur ; Lucy S. KING, Auteur ; Tonya C. HANSEL, Auteur . - p.1347-1355.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-12 (December 2015) . - p.1347-1355
Mots-clés : Resilience disasters post-traumatic stress trauma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Theorists and researchers have demonstrated multiple trajectories of symptoms following disasters (Ecology and Society, 13, 2008, 9), highlighting the importance of obtaining more knowledge about exposed youth who demonstrate resilience as well as those who suffer chronic difficulties. This paper examines trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following exposure to hurricanes and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill to increase understanding of resilience and chronic reactions to both natural and technological disasters. Methods A multiwave longitudinal design was used to follow N = 4,619 youth who were evaluated for PTSD symptoms, hurricane exposure, and oil spill exposure/stress at four time points over a period of 4 years. Trajectories were identified with cluster analyses and multilevel modeling. Results Individual trajectories were statistically identified consistent with theory. The largest group exhibited stable-low symptoms (52%), a second group showed steep declines following initial symptoms (21%), a third group exhibited increasing symptoms (18%), and a fourth group showed stable-high symptoms (9%). Both hurricane exposure and oil spill stress predicted trajectories and overall levels of PTSD symptoms. Conclusions Results identified an effect of oil spill stress and hurricane exposure on symptom levels and trajectories of exposed youth. Results provide prospective data to support theories of multiple symptom trajectories following disasters and reinforce the importance of research that utilizes a developmental perspective to consider the long-term effects of disasters in youth. Findings highlight the importance of identifying symptoms and predictors of resilience as well as factors that contribute to resilience. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12420 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=273 Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa / Lucie CLUVER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)
[article]
Titre : Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lucie CLUVER, Auteur ; Mark ORKIN, Auteur ; Frances E. M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Mark E. BOYES, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.363-370 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS orphans;adolescents depression anxiety post-traumatic stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: By 2008, 12 million children in sub-Saharan Africa were orphaned by AIDS. Cross-sectional studies show psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children, but until now no longitudinal study has explored enduring psychological effects of AIDS-orphanhood in the developing world. Methods: A 4-year longitudinal follow-up of AIDS-orphaned children with control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. 1021 children (M = 13.4 years, 50% female, 98% isiXhosa-speaking) were interviewed in 2005 and followed up in 2009 with 71% retention (49% female, M = 16.9 years), in poor urban South African settlements. Children were interviewed using sociodemographic questionnaires and well-validated standardised scales for assessing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Data were analysed using mixed-design ANOVA and backward-stepping regression. Results: AIDS-orphaned children showed higher depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores in both 2005 and 2009 when compared with other-orphans and non-orphans. Backward-stepping regression, controlling for baseline mental health, and sociodemographic cofactors such as age, gender, and type of bereavement, revealed that being AIDS-orphaned in 2005 was associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores in 2009. This was not the case for other-orphaned or non-orphaned children. Age interacted with orphan status, such that there was a steep rise in psychological distress in the AIDS-orphaned group, but no rise with age amongst other-orphans and non-orphans. Conclusions: Negative mental health outcomes amongst AIDS-orphaned children are maintained and worsen over a 4-year period. It is important that psychosocial support programmes are sustained, and focus on youth as well as young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02459.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.363-370[article] Persisting mental health problems among AIDS-orphaned children in South Africa [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lucie CLUVER, Auteur ; Mark ORKIN, Auteur ; Frances E. M. GARDNER, Auteur ; Mark E. BOYES, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.363-370.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.363-370
Mots-clés : HIV/AIDS orphans;adolescents depression anxiety post-traumatic stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: By 2008, 12 million children in sub-Saharan Africa were orphaned by AIDS. Cross-sectional studies show psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children, but until now no longitudinal study has explored enduring psychological effects of AIDS-orphanhood in the developing world. Methods: A 4-year longitudinal follow-up of AIDS-orphaned children with control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. 1021 children (M = 13.4 years, 50% female, 98% isiXhosa-speaking) were interviewed in 2005 and followed up in 2009 with 71% retention (49% female, M = 16.9 years), in poor urban South African settlements. Children were interviewed using sociodemographic questionnaires and well-validated standardised scales for assessing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Data were analysed using mixed-design ANOVA and backward-stepping regression. Results: AIDS-orphaned children showed higher depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores in both 2005 and 2009 when compared with other-orphans and non-orphans. Backward-stepping regression, controlling for baseline mental health, and sociodemographic cofactors such as age, gender, and type of bereavement, revealed that being AIDS-orphaned in 2005 was associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores in 2009. This was not the case for other-orphaned or non-orphaned children. Age interacted with orphan status, such that there was a steep rise in psychological distress in the AIDS-orphaned group, but no rise with age amongst other-orphans and non-orphans. Conclusions: Negative mental health outcomes amongst AIDS-orphaned children are maintained and worsen over a 4-year period. It is important that psychosocial support programmes are sustained, and focus on youth as well as young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02459.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 Long-term Outcome of Trauma in Children: The Psychological Consequences of a Bus Accident / Dagfinn WINJE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39-5 (July 1998)
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