9 recherche sur le mot-clé 'publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no'

Understanding depression in autism: the role of subjective perception and anterior cingulate cortex volume / Sarah BANKER ; Jadyn TRAYVICK ; Sarah BARKLEY ; Arabella W PETERS ; Abigaël THINAKARAN ; Christopher S. MCLAUGHLIN ; Xiaosi GU ; Daniela SCHILLER ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 9 Titre : Understanding depression in autism: the role of subjective perception and anterior cingulate cortex volume Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah BANKER, Auteur ; Jadyn TRAYVICK, Auteur ; Sarah BARKLEY, Auteur ; Arabella W PETERS, Auteur ; Abigaël THINAKARAN, Auteur ; Christopher S. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Xiaosi GU, Auteur ; Daniela SCHILLER, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 9 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Male  Female  Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging  Depression/diagnostic imaging  Adult  Young Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/psychology  Perception  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Autistic Disorder/psychology/diagnostic imaging  Adolescent  Organ Size  Social Interaction  Amygdala/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Affiliation  Amygdala  Anterior cingulate cortex  Autism spectrum disorder  Depression  Self-awareness  Social impairments  Medicine at Mount Sinai?s Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol  (#16-01089 for onsite neuroimaging & #22-00171 for online replication sample  presented in Supplementary Materials). All participants gave written informed  consent and received compensation for their participation. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression is elevated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to the general population, yet the reasons for this disparity remain unclear. While social deficits central to ASD may contribute to depression, it is uncertain whether social interaction behavior themselves or individuals' introspection about their social behaviors are more impactful. Although the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is frequently implicated in ASD, depression, and social functioning, it is unknown if it explains differences between ASD adults with and without co-occurring depression. METHODS: The present study contrasted observed vs. subjective perception of autism symptoms and social interaction assessed with both standardized measures and a lab task, in 65 sex-balanced (52.24% male) autistic young adults. We also quantified ACC and amygdala volume with 7-Tesla structural neuroimaging to examine correlations with self-reported depression and social functioning. RESULTS: We found that ASD individuals with self-reported depression exhibited differences in subjective evaluations including heightened self-awareness of ASD symptoms, lower subjective satisfaction with social relations, and less perceived affiliation during the social interaction task, yet no differences in corresponding observed measures, compared to those without depression. Larger ACC volume was related to depression, greater self-awareness of ASD symptoms, and worse subjective satisfaction with social relations. In contrast, amygdala volume, despite its association with clinician-rated ASD symptoms, was not related to depression. LIMITATIONS: Due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, we cannot determine the directionality of the observed relationships. Additionally, we included only individuals with an IQ over 60 to ensure participants could complete the social task. We also utilized self-reported depression indices instead of clinically diagnosed depression, which may limit the comprehensiveness of the findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach highlights the unique role of subjective perception of autism symptoms and social interactions, beyond the observable manifestation of social impairment in ASD, in contributing to self-reported depression, with the ACC playing a crucial role. These findings imply possible heterogeneity of ASD concerning co-occurring depression. Using neuroimaging, we were able to demarcate depressive phenotypes co-occurring alongside autistic phenotypes. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00638-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Understanding depression in autism: the role of subjective perception and anterior cingulate cortex volume [texte imprimé] / Sarah BANKER, Auteur ; Jadyn TRAYVICK, Auteur ; Sarah BARKLEY, Auteur ; Arabella W PETERS, Auteur ; Abigaël THINAKARAN, Auteur ; Christopher S. MCLAUGHLIN, Auteur ; Xiaosi GU, Auteur ; Daniela SCHILLER, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur . - 9. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 9 Mots-clés : Humans  Male  Female  Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging  Depression/diagnostic imaging  Adult  Young Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/psychology  Perception  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Autistic Disorder/psychology/diagnostic imaging  Adolescent  Organ Size  Social Interaction  Amygdala/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology  Affiliation  Amygdala  Anterior cingulate cortex  Autism spectrum disorder  Depression  Self-awareness  Social impairments  Medicine at Mount Sinai?s Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol  (#16-01089 for onsite neuroimaging & #22-00171 for online replication sample  presented in Supplementary Materials). All participants gave written informed  consent and received compensation for their participation. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression is elevated in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to the general population, yet the reasons for this disparity remain unclear. While social deficits central to ASD may contribute to depression, it is uncertain whether social interaction behavior themselves or individuals' introspection about their social behaviors are more impactful. Although the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is frequently implicated in ASD, depression, and social functioning, it is unknown if it explains differences between ASD adults with and without co-occurring depression. METHODS: The present study contrasted observed vs. subjective perception of autism symptoms and social interaction assessed with both standardized measures and a lab task, in 65 sex-balanced (52.24% male) autistic young adults. We also quantified ACC and amygdala volume with 7-Tesla structural neuroimaging to examine correlations with self-reported depression and social functioning. RESULTS: We found that ASD individuals with self-reported depression exhibited differences in subjective evaluations including heightened self-awareness of ASD symptoms, lower subjective satisfaction with social relations, and less perceived affiliation during the social interaction task, yet no differences in corresponding observed measures, compared to those without depression. Larger ACC volume was related to depression, greater self-awareness of ASD symptoms, and worse subjective satisfaction with social relations. In contrast, amygdala volume, despite its association with clinician-rated ASD symptoms, was not related to depression. LIMITATIONS: Due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, we cannot determine the directionality of the observed relationships. Additionally, we included only individuals with an IQ over 60 to ensure participants could complete the social task. We also utilized self-reported depression indices instead of clinically diagnosed depression, which may limit the comprehensiveness of the findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach highlights the unique role of subjective perception of autism symptoms and social interactions, beyond the observable manifestation of social impairment in ASD, in contributing to self-reported depression, with the ACC playing a crucial role. These findings imply possible heterogeneity of ASD concerning co-occurring depression. Using neuroimaging, we were able to demarcate depressive phenotypes co-occurring alongside autistic phenotypes. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00638-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Different exploration strategies along the autism spectrum: diverging effects of autism diagnosis and autism traits / Fien GOETMAECKERS in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 47 Titre : Different exploration strategies along the autism spectrum: diverging effects of autism diagnosis and autism traits Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fien GOETMAECKERS, Auteur ; Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Tom VERGUTS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur ; Fien GOETMAECKERS, Auteur ; Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Tom VERGUTS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur Article en page(s) : 47 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Computational cognitive modeling  Exploration  Uncertainty  Value-based decision-making  by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences  of Ghent University and all participants gave their informed consent. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: When faced with many options to choose from, humans typically need to explore the utility of new choice options. People with an autism diagnosis or elevated autism traits are thought to avoid exploring such unknown options, but it remains unclear how autism affects exploration in decision spaces with many options. METHODS: In a large online sample (N = 588), we investigated the impact of autism diagnosis or elevated autism traits on exploration behavior during value-based decision-making in vast decision spaces. We used a 121-armed bandit with spatially correlated choice options, and a dedicated computational model to disentangle generalization, uncertainty-guided exploration, and random exploration strategies. RESULTS: Our findings show that participants with a self-reported autism diagnosis were less likely to explore novel choice options and more likely to exploit known high-value options. Computational modeling suggests they engaged in less uncertainty-driven exploration but exhibited equal random exploration and generalization strategies. Interestingly, among non-diagnosed participants, people with elevated autism traits did not explore less. LIMITATIONS: This study relies on self-reported autism diagnoses and trait measures collected online. This may limit the generalizability of the findings to clinically verified or more diverse autism populations. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight important differences in exploration strategies between clinical and subclinical populations and emphasize the importance of cognitive modeling and using vast decision spaces to better understand autism. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-025-00679-9. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00679-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569 [article] Different exploration strategies along the autism spectrum: diverging effects of autism diagnosis and autism traits [texte imprimé] / Fien GOETMAECKERS, Auteur ; Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Tom VERGUTS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur ; Fien GOETMAECKERS, Auteur ; Judith GORIS, Auteur ; Jan R. WIERSEMA, Auteur ; Tom VERGUTS, Auteur ; Senne BRAEM, Auteur . - 47. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 47 Mots-clés : Autism  Computational cognitive modeling  Exploration  Uncertainty  Value-based decision-making  by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences  of Ghent University and all participants gave their informed consent. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: When faced with many options to choose from, humans typically need to explore the utility of new choice options. People with an autism diagnosis or elevated autism traits are thought to avoid exploring such unknown options, but it remains unclear how autism affects exploration in decision spaces with many options. METHODS: In a large online sample (N = 588), we investigated the impact of autism diagnosis or elevated autism traits on exploration behavior during value-based decision-making in vast decision spaces. We used a 121-armed bandit with spatially correlated choice options, and a dedicated computational model to disentangle generalization, uncertainty-guided exploration, and random exploration strategies. RESULTS: Our findings show that participants with a self-reported autism diagnosis were less likely to explore novel choice options and more likely to exploit known high-value options. Computational modeling suggests they engaged in less uncertainty-driven exploration but exhibited equal random exploration and generalization strategies. Interestingly, among non-diagnosed participants, people with elevated autism traits did not explore less. LIMITATIONS: This study relies on self-reported autism diagnoses and trait measures collected online. This may limit the generalizability of the findings to clinically verified or more diverse autism populations. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight important differences in exploration strategies between clinical and subclinical populations and emphasize the importance of cognitive modeling and using vast decision spaces to better understand autism. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-025-00679-9. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00679-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569

The neural bases of language processing during social and non-social contexts: a fNIRS study of autistic and neurotypical preschool-aged children / Meredith PECUKONIS in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 40 Titre : The neural bases of language processing during social and non-social contexts: a fNIRS study of autistic and neurotypical preschool-aged children Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Meredith PECUKONIS, Auteur ; J. GERSON, Auteur ; H. GUSTAFSON-ALM, Auteur ; M. WOOD, Auteur ; M. YÃœCEL, Auteur ; D.A. BOAS, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Meredith PECUKONIS, Auteur ; J. GERSON, Auteur ; H. GUSTAFSON-ALM, Auteur ; M. WOOD, Auteur ; M. YÃœCEL, Auteur ; D.A. BOAS, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 40 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Child, Preschool  Male  Female  Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods  Child  Language  Brain/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Social Behavior  Autism  Live  Preschool  Social context  fNIRS  were conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki,  including informed consent and assent prior to study inclusion, and approved by  the Institutional Review Board at Boston University (protocol #5334). Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Little is known about how autistic children's brains process language during real-world "social contexts," despite the fact that challenges with language, communication, and social interaction are core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). METHODS: We investigated the neural bases of language processing during social and non-social contexts in a sample of autistic and neurotypical (NT) preschool-aged children, 3-6 years old, living in the United States. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure children's brain response to "live language" spoken by a live experimenter during an in-person social context (i.e., book reading) and "recorded language" played via an audio recording during a non-social context (i.e., screen time). We examined within-group and between-group differences in the strength and localization of brain response to live language and recorded language, as well as correlations between children's brain response to live language versus recorded language and their language skills, as measured by the Preschool Language Scales. RESULTS: In the NT group, brain response to live language was greater than brain response to recorded language in the right temporal parietal junction (TPJ). In the ASD group, the strength of brain response did not differ between conditions in any brain regions of interest after correction for multiple comparisons. Children who showed a greater difference in right TPJ brain response to live language versus recorded language had higher language skills; this significant correlation was driven by the ASD group. LIMITATIONS: Findings should be considered preliminary until they are replicated in a larger sample. CONCLUSIONS: Group level findings indicate that for NT children, but not autistic children, the right TPJ responds more strongly to live language presented during a social context compared to recorded language presented during a non-social context. However, individual differences in how the right TPJ responds to language during social versus non-social contexts may help to explain why language skills are so variable across children on the autism spectrum. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00655-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569 [article] The neural bases of language processing during social and non-social contexts: a fNIRS study of autistic and neurotypical preschool-aged children [texte imprimé] / Meredith PECUKONIS, Auteur ; J. GERSON, Auteur ; H. GUSTAFSON-ALM, Auteur ; M. WOOD, Auteur ; M. YÃœCEL, Auteur ; D.A. BOAS, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur ; Meredith PECUKONIS, Auteur ; J. GERSON, Auteur ; H. GUSTAFSON-ALM, Auteur ; M. WOOD, Auteur ; M. YÃœCEL, Auteur ; D.A. BOAS, Auteur ; Helen TAGER-FLUSBERG, Auteur . - 40. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 40 Mots-clés : Humans  Child, Preschool  Male  Female  Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods  Child  Language  Brain/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology  Social Behavior  Autism  Live  Preschool  Social context  fNIRS  were conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki,  including informed consent and assent prior to study inclusion, and approved by  the Institutional Review Board at Boston University (protocol #5334). Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Little is known about how autistic children's brains process language during real-world "social contexts," despite the fact that challenges with language, communication, and social interaction are core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). METHODS: We investigated the neural bases of language processing during social and non-social contexts in a sample of autistic and neurotypical (NT) preschool-aged children, 3-6 years old, living in the United States. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure children's brain response to "live language" spoken by a live experimenter during an in-person social context (i.e., book reading) and "recorded language" played via an audio recording during a non-social context (i.e., screen time). We examined within-group and between-group differences in the strength and localization of brain response to live language and recorded language, as well as correlations between children's brain response to live language versus recorded language and their language skills, as measured by the Preschool Language Scales. RESULTS: In the NT group, brain response to live language was greater than brain response to recorded language in the right temporal parietal junction (TPJ). In the ASD group, the strength of brain response did not differ between conditions in any brain regions of interest after correction for multiple comparisons. Children who showed a greater difference in right TPJ brain response to live language versus recorded language had higher language skills; this significant correlation was driven by the ASD group. LIMITATIONS: Findings should be considered preliminary until they are replicated in a larger sample. CONCLUSIONS: Group level findings indicate that for NT children, but not autistic children, the right TPJ responds more strongly to live language presented during a social context compared to recorded language presented during a non-social context. However, individual differences in how the right TPJ responds to language during social versus non-social contexts may help to explain why language skills are so variable across children on the autism spectrum. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00655-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=569

Do autistic individuals show atypical performance in probabilistic learning? A comparison of cue-number, predictive strength, and prediction error / Lei ZHANG ; Fang LIU in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 15 Titre : Do autistic individuals show atypical performance in probabilistic learning? A comparison of cue-number, predictive strength, and prediction error Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Lei ZHANG, Auteur ; Fang LIU, Auteur Article en page(s) : 15 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Autistic Disorder/psychology/physiopathology/diagnosis  Cues  Male  Adult  Female  Probability Learning  Young Adult  Reinforcement, Psychology  Learning  Associative learning  Bayesian  Prediction errors  Predictive coding  Probabilistic learning  Reinforcement learning  reviewed and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee (UREC) at the  University of Reading (reference number: UREC 20/28). All participants provided  their written informed consent prior to their participation. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: According to recent models of autism, autistic individuals may find learning probabilistic cue-outcome associations more challenging than deterministic learning, though empirical evidence for this is mixed. Here we examined the mechanism of probabilistic learning more closely by comparing autistic and non-autistic adults on inferring a target cue from multiple cues or integrating multiple target cues and learning from associations with various predictive strengths. METHODS: 52 autistic and 52 non-autistic participants completed three tasks: (i) single-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to infer a single target cue from multiple cues to learn cue-outcome associations; (ii) multi-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to learn associations of various predictive strengths via integration of multiple cues; and (iii) reinforcement learning, which required learning the contingencies of two stimuli with a probabilistic reinforcement schedule. Accuracy on the two probabilistic learning tasks was modelled separately using a binomial mixed effects model whereas computational modelling was performed on the reinforcement learning data to obtain a model parameter on prediction error integration (i.e., learning rate). RESULTS: No group differences were found in the single-cue probabilistic learning task. Group differences were evident for the multi-cue probabilistic learning task for associations that are weakly predictive (between 40 and 60%) but not when they are strongly predictive (10-20% or 80-90%). Computational modelling on the reinforcement learning task revealed that, as a group, autistic individuals had a higher learning rate than non-autistic individuals. LIMITATIONS: Due to the online nature of the study, we could not confirm the diagnosis of our autistic sample. The autistic participants were likely to have typical intelligence, and so our findings may not be generalisable to the entire autistic population. The learning tasks are constrained by a relatively small number of trials, and so it is unclear whether group differences will still be seen when given more trials. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults showed similar performance as non-autistic adults in learning associations by inferring a single cue or integrating multiple cues when the predictive strength was strong. However, non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults when the predictive strength was weak, but only in the later phase. Autistic individuals were also more likely to incorporate prediction errors during decision making, which may explain their atypical performance on the weakly predictive associations. Our findings have implications for understanding differences in social cognition, which is often noisy and weakly predictive, among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00651-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Do autistic individuals show atypical performance in probabilistic learning? A comparison of cue-number, predictive strength, and prediction error [texte imprimé] / Lei ZHANG, Auteur ; Fang LIU, Auteur . - 15. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 15 Mots-clés : Humans  Autistic Disorder/psychology/physiopathology/diagnosis  Cues  Male  Adult  Female  Probability Learning  Young Adult  Reinforcement, Psychology  Learning  Associative learning  Bayesian  Prediction errors  Predictive coding  Probabilistic learning  Reinforcement learning  reviewed and approved by the University Research Ethics Committee (UREC) at the  University of Reading (reference number: UREC 20/28). All participants provided  their written informed consent prior to their participation. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: According to recent models of autism, autistic individuals may find learning probabilistic cue-outcome associations more challenging than deterministic learning, though empirical evidence for this is mixed. Here we examined the mechanism of probabilistic learning more closely by comparing autistic and non-autistic adults on inferring a target cue from multiple cues or integrating multiple target cues and learning from associations with various predictive strengths. METHODS: 52 autistic and 52 non-autistic participants completed three tasks: (i) single-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to infer a single target cue from multiple cues to learn cue-outcome associations; (ii) multi-cue probabilistic learning, in which they had to learn associations of various predictive strengths via integration of multiple cues; and (iii) reinforcement learning, which required learning the contingencies of two stimuli with a probabilistic reinforcement schedule. Accuracy on the two probabilistic learning tasks was modelled separately using a binomial mixed effects model whereas computational modelling was performed on the reinforcement learning data to obtain a model parameter on prediction error integration (i.e., learning rate). RESULTS: No group differences were found in the single-cue probabilistic learning task. Group differences were evident for the multi-cue probabilistic learning task for associations that are weakly predictive (between 40 and 60%) but not when they are strongly predictive (10-20% or 80-90%). Computational modelling on the reinforcement learning task revealed that, as a group, autistic individuals had a higher learning rate than non-autistic individuals. LIMITATIONS: Due to the online nature of the study, we could not confirm the diagnosis of our autistic sample. The autistic participants were likely to have typical intelligence, and so our findings may not be generalisable to the entire autistic population. The learning tasks are constrained by a relatively small number of trials, and so it is unclear whether group differences will still be seen when given more trials. CONCLUSIONS: Autistic adults showed similar performance as non-autistic adults in learning associations by inferring a single cue or integrating multiple cues when the predictive strength was strong. However, non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults when the predictive strength was weak, but only in the later phase. Autistic individuals were also more likely to incorporate prediction errors during decision making, which may explain their atypical performance on the weakly predictive associations. Our findings have implications for understanding differences in social cognition, which is often noisy and weakly predictive, among autistic individuals. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00651-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism / Megan BANCHIK ; Tawny TSANG ; Nana J. OKADA ; Rebecca ALTSHULER ; Nicole M. MCDONALD ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER ; Shafali S. JESTE ; Shulamite A. GREEN ; Mirella DAPRETTO in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 6 Titre : Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Megan BANCHIK, Auteur ; Tawny TSANG, Auteur ; Nana J. OKADA, Auteur ; Rebecca ALTSHULER, Auteur ; Nicole M. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur ; Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : 6 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Infant  Male  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Female  Language  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Brain Mapping  Speech  Autism  Native language  fMRI  obtained from all participants' caregivers and/or legal guardians. All study  protocols were approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Language difficulties are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. Amongst infant siblings of children with an ASD diagnosis - who are at higher likelihood for developing ASD - a high proportion also show difficulties and delays in language acquisition. METHODS: In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine differences in language processing in 9-month-old infants at high (HL) and typical (TL) familial likelihood for ASD. Infants were presented with native (English) and novel (Japanese) speech while sleeping naturally in the scanner. Whole-brain and a priori region-of-interest analyses were conducted to evaluate neural differences in language processing based on likelihood group and language condition. RESULTS: HL infants showed attenuated responses to speech in general, particularly in left temporal language areas, as well as a lack of neural discrimination between the native and novel languages compared to the TL group. Importantly, we also demonstrate that HL infants show distinctly atypical patterns of lateralization for speech processing, particularly during native speech processing, suggesting a failure to left-lateralize. LIMITATIONS: The sample size, particularly for the TL group, is relatively modest because of the challenges inherent to collecting auditory stimulus-evoked data from sleeping participants, as well as retention and follow-up difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The groups were not matched on some demographic variables, but the present findings held even after accounting for these differences. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study to directly measure autism-associated atypicalities in native language uptake during infancy. These findings provide a better understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of language delay in ASD, which is a prerequisite step for developing earlier and more effective interventions for autistic children and HL siblings who experience language impairments. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00640-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555 [article] Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism [texte imprimé] / Megan BANCHIK, Auteur ; Tawny TSANG, Auteur ; Nana J. OKADA, Auteur ; Rebecca ALTSHULER, Auteur ; Nicole M. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur ; Shulamite A. GREEN, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur . - 6. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 16 (2025) . - 6 Mots-clés : Humans  Infant  Male  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Female  Language  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Brain/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology  Autistic Disorder/physiopathology  Brain Mapping  Speech  Autism  Native language  fMRI  obtained from all participants' caregivers and/or legal guardians. All study  protocols were approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. Consent for  publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no  competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Language difficulties are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. Amongst infant siblings of children with an ASD diagnosis - who are at higher likelihood for developing ASD - a high proportion also show difficulties and delays in language acquisition. METHODS: In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine differences in language processing in 9-month-old infants at high (HL) and typical (TL) familial likelihood for ASD. Infants were presented with native (English) and novel (Japanese) speech while sleeping naturally in the scanner. Whole-brain and a priori region-of-interest analyses were conducted to evaluate neural differences in language processing based on likelihood group and language condition. RESULTS: HL infants showed attenuated responses to speech in general, particularly in left temporal language areas, as well as a lack of neural discrimination between the native and novel languages compared to the TL group. Importantly, we also demonstrate that HL infants show distinctly atypical patterns of lateralization for speech processing, particularly during native speech processing, suggesting a failure to left-lateralize. LIMITATIONS: The sample size, particularly for the TL group, is relatively modest because of the challenges inherent to collecting auditory stimulus-evoked data from sleeping participants, as well as retention and follow-up difficulties posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The groups were not matched on some demographic variables, but the present findings held even after accounting for these differences. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study to directly measure autism-associated atypicalities in native language uptake during infancy. These findings provide a better understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of language delay in ASD, which is a prerequisite step for developing earlier and more effective interventions for autistic children and HL siblings who experience language impairments. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-025-00640-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=555

Flexible nonlinear modeling reveals age-related differences in resting-state functional brain connectivity in autistic males from childhood to mid-adulthood / Molly D.B. PRIGGE ; Andrew ALEXANDER ; Brandon ZIELINSKI ; Janet E. LAINHART ; Jace KING in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Permalink

Automated extraction of functional biomarkers of verbal and ambulatory ability from multi-institutional clinical notes using large language models / Levi KASTER in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 17 (2025)  

Permalink

Locus coeruleus tonic upregulation increases selectivity to inconspicuous auditory information in autistic compared to non-autistic individuals: a combined pupillometry and electroencephalography study / Nico BAST in Molecular Autism, 16 (2025)  

Permalink

MED13L-related disorder characterized by severe motor speech impairment / Marissa W. MITCHEL in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 17 (2025)  

Permalink