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Heritability of quantitative autism spectrum traits in adults: A family-based study / S. C. TAYLOR in Autism Research, 14-8 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : Heritability of quantitative autism spectrum traits in adults: A family-based study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; S. STEEMAN, Auteur ; B. N. GEHRINGER, Auteur ; H. C. DOW, Auteur ; A. LANGER, Auteur ; E. RAWOT, Auteur ; L. PEREZ, Auteur ; M. GOODMAN, Auteur ; Z. SMERNOFF, Auteur ; M. GREWAL, Auteur ; O. ESHRAGHI, Auteur ; Ashley A. PALLATHRA, Auteur ; C. OKSAS, Auteur ; M. MENDEZ, Auteur ; Ruben C. GUR, Auteur ; D. J. RADER, Auteur ; M. BUCAN, Auteur ; Laura ALMASY, Auteur ; Edward S. BRODKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1543-1553 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics Autistic Disorder Executive Function Humans Phenotype Surveys and Questionnaires adult autism spectrum disorder family studies heritability phenotype quantitative trait Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a multi-dimensional set of quantitative behavioral traits expressed along a continuum in autistic and neurotypical individuals. ASD diagnosis-a dichotomous trait-is known to be highly heritable and has been used as the phenotype for most ASD genetic studies. But less is known about the heritability of autism spectrum quantitative traits, especially in adults, an important prerequisite for gene discovery. We sought to measure the heritability of many autism-relevant quantitative traits in adults high in autism spectrum traits and their extended family members. Among adults high in autism spectrum traits (n = 158) and their extended family members (n = 245), we calculated univariate and bivariate heritability estimates for 19 autism spectrum traits across several behavioral domains. We found nearly all tested autism spectrum quantitative traits to be significantly heritable (h(2) = 0.24-0.79), including overall ASD traits, restricted repetitive behaviors, broader autism phenotype traits, social anxiety, and executive functioning. The degree of shared heritability varied based on method and specificity of the assessment measure. We found high shared heritability for the self-report measures and for most of the informant-report measures, with little shared heritability among performance-based cognition tasks. These findings suggest that many autism spectrum quantitative traits would be good, feasible candidates for future genetics studies, allowing for an increase in the power of autism gene discovery. Our findings suggest that the degree of shared heritability between traits depends on the assessment method (self-report vs. informant-report vs. performance-based tasks), as well as trait-specificity. LAY SUMMARY: We found that the scores from questionnaires and tasks measuring different types of behaviors and abilities related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were heritable (strongly influenced by gene variants passed down through a family) among autistic adults and their family members. These findings mean that these scores can be used in future studies interested in identifying specific genes and gene variants that are associated with different behaviors and abilities related with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1543-1553[article] Heritability of quantitative autism spectrum traits in adults: A family-based study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. C. TAYLOR, Auteur ; S. STEEMAN, Auteur ; B. N. GEHRINGER, Auteur ; H. C. DOW, Auteur ; A. LANGER, Auteur ; E. RAWOT, Auteur ; L. PEREZ, Auteur ; M. GOODMAN, Auteur ; Z. SMERNOFF, Auteur ; M. GREWAL, Auteur ; O. ESHRAGHI, Auteur ; Ashley A. PALLATHRA, Auteur ; C. OKSAS, Auteur ; M. MENDEZ, Auteur ; Ruben C. GUR, Auteur ; D. J. RADER, Auteur ; M. BUCAN, Auteur ; Laura ALMASY, Auteur ; Edward S. BRODKIN, Auteur . - p.1543-1553.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-8 (August 2021) . - p.1543-1553
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics Autistic Disorder Executive Function Humans Phenotype Surveys and Questionnaires adult autism spectrum disorder family studies heritability phenotype quantitative trait Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a multi-dimensional set of quantitative behavioral traits expressed along a continuum in autistic and neurotypical individuals. ASD diagnosis-a dichotomous trait-is known to be highly heritable and has been used as the phenotype for most ASD genetic studies. But less is known about the heritability of autism spectrum quantitative traits, especially in adults, an important prerequisite for gene discovery. We sought to measure the heritability of many autism-relevant quantitative traits in adults high in autism spectrum traits and their extended family members. Among adults high in autism spectrum traits (n = 158) and their extended family members (n = 245), we calculated univariate and bivariate heritability estimates for 19 autism spectrum traits across several behavioral domains. We found nearly all tested autism spectrum quantitative traits to be significantly heritable (h(2) = 0.24-0.79), including overall ASD traits, restricted repetitive behaviors, broader autism phenotype traits, social anxiety, and executive functioning. The degree of shared heritability varied based on method and specificity of the assessment measure. We found high shared heritability for the self-report measures and for most of the informant-report measures, with little shared heritability among performance-based cognition tasks. These findings suggest that many autism spectrum quantitative traits would be good, feasible candidates for future genetics studies, allowing for an increase in the power of autism gene discovery. Our findings suggest that the degree of shared heritability between traits depends on the assessment method (self-report vs. informant-report vs. performance-based tasks), as well as trait-specificity. LAY SUMMARY: We found that the scores from questionnaires and tasks measuring different types of behaviors and abilities related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were heritable (strongly influenced by gene variants passed down through a family) among autistic adults and their family members. These findings mean that these scores can be used in future studies interested in identifying specific genes and gene variants that are associated with different behaviors and abilities related with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits / Corina U. GREVEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-4 (April 2016)
[article]
Titre : The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Andrew MERWOOD, Auteur ; Jolanda M. J. VAN DER MEER, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.523-531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder quantitative trait twin extremes positive genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene-hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a ‘positive genetics’ model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits. Methods In a population-representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression. Results Low extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23–35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high-extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39–51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes. Conclusions Shared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene-environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit-based model of intervention, but congruent with a population-level approach to improving youth wellbeing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.523-531[article] The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Corina U. GREVEN, Auteur ; Andrew MERWOOD, Auteur ; Jolanda M. J. VAN DER MEER, Auteur ; Claire M. A. HAWORTH, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur . - p.523-531.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-4 (April 2016) . - p.523-531
Mots-clés : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder quantitative trait twin extremes positive genetics Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene-hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a ‘positive genetics’ model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits. Methods In a population-representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression. Results Low extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23–35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high-extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39–51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes. Conclusions Shared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene-environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit-based model of intervention, but congruent with a population-level approach to improving youth wellbeing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285