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Co-occurring conditions and racial-ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum / W. SCHOTT in Autism Research, 15-1 (January 2022)
[article]
Titre : Co-occurring conditions and racial-ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : W. SCHOTT, Auteur ; S. TAO, Auteur ; L. SHEA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.70-85 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology Autistic Disorder Ethnicity Humans Medicaid Minority Groups United States/epidemiology adults autism co-occurring conditions racial disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence suggests that autistic adults have higher odds of developing several co-occurring conditions, but less is known about disparities by race and ethnicity in this population. Using 2008-2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data, we (i) identify the prevalence of co-occurring conditions among the population of autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries compared to a matched sample of those without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, (ii) conduct logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for these health conditions predicted by an autism diagnosis, and (iii) estimate odds of having these health conditions as predicted by racial/ethnic group among the autistic population only. Overall, autistic adults did not have higher prevalence of some major health conditions (cardiovascular conditions, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disease), but they did have higher odds of others (nutrition conditions, epilepsy, disorders of the central nervous system). Analysis by racial/ethnic group, however, shows that Black, Hispanic, and Asian autistic beneficiaries had higher odds of diabetes, hospitalized cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension, among other conditions. Policymakers should be aware that racial disparities found in the general population persist in the autistic population and should work to implement systems and programs to improve screening and preventive care for minority autistic populations. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic adults may have several co-occurring physical and mental health conditions, which could differ by racial/ethnic group. We find that, compared to the general Medicaid population, autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries have elevated odds of some health conditions, like epilepsy and nutrition conditions, as well as some psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and attention disorders. We also find that many of the same health disparities by racial/ethnic group in the general population persist among the autistic adult Medicaid population. For example, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Medicaid autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of diabetes, and Black and Hispanic autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of obesity and nutrition conditions than white autistic beneficiaries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2644 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.70-85[article] Co-occurring conditions and racial-ethnic disparities: Medicaid enrolled adults on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / W. SCHOTT, Auteur ; S. TAO, Auteur ; L. SHEA, Auteur . - p.70-85.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-1 (January 2022) . - p.70-85
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology Autistic Disorder Ethnicity Humans Medicaid Minority Groups United States/epidemiology adults autism co-occurring conditions racial disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Evidence suggests that autistic adults have higher odds of developing several co-occurring conditions, but less is known about disparities by race and ethnicity in this population. Using 2008-2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data, we (i) identify the prevalence of co-occurring conditions among the population of autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries compared to a matched sample of those without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, (ii) conduct logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for these health conditions predicted by an autism diagnosis, and (iii) estimate odds of having these health conditions as predicted by racial/ethnic group among the autistic population only. Overall, autistic adults did not have higher prevalence of some major health conditions (cardiovascular conditions, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disease), but they did have higher odds of others (nutrition conditions, epilepsy, disorders of the central nervous system). Analysis by racial/ethnic group, however, shows that Black, Hispanic, and Asian autistic beneficiaries had higher odds of diabetes, hospitalized cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension, among other conditions. Policymakers should be aware that racial disparities found in the general population persist in the autistic population and should work to implement systems and programs to improve screening and preventive care for minority autistic populations. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic adults may have several co-occurring physical and mental health conditions, which could differ by racial/ethnic group. We find that, compared to the general Medicaid population, autistic adult Medicaid beneficiaries have elevated odds of some health conditions, like epilepsy and nutrition conditions, as well as some psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety and attention disorders. We also find that many of the same health disparities by racial/ethnic group in the general population persist among the autistic adult Medicaid population. For example, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Medicaid autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of diabetes, and Black and Hispanic autistic beneficiaries have higher odds of obesity and nutrition conditions than white autistic beneficiaries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2644 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Annual Research Review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention / Jessika H. BOTTIANI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-5 (May 2021)
[article]
Titre : Annual Research Review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jessika H. BOTTIANI, Auteur ; Daniel A. CAMACHO, Auteur ; Sarah LINDSTROM JOHNSON, Auteur ; Catherine P. BRADSHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.563-579 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence firearm violence prevention racial disparities socio-cultural influence structural inequality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Research has identified the United States (U.S.) as a global outlier in its firearm ownership rates, with a correspondingly higher risk of youth firearm violence compared to other countries. The relative extent of disparities in youth firearm violence within the U.S. has been less clear. Little is known about factors in the social ecology driving these disparities and whether current firearm violence prevention approaches sufficiently address them. METHOD: Applying a health disparities framework, we synthesized epidemiological, sociological, and prevention science literatures, emphasizing structural inequalities in youth sociocultural positionality in life course developmental context. We also highlighted findings from national injury data and other studies regarding the magnitude and impacts of youth firearm violence disparities. RESULTS: The burden of firearm violence varied markedly at intersections of gender, race, place, developmental stage, and homicidal or suicidal intent. Firearm homicide among Black boys and young men (ages 15-24) was at outlier levels - many times greater than the rates of any other demographic group, developmental stage, or violence intent, particularly in urban settings. Recent research has operationalized structural racism and implicated historically racialized spaces as a root cause of this disparity. In contrast, elevated firearm suicide rates were found among Native and White boys and young men in rural settings; firearm-related cultural attitudes and gender socialization were points of consideration to explain these disparities. We highlighted research-based youth firearm violence preventive interventions, and emphasized gaps in efforts focused on structural and sociocultural factors. CONCLUSIONS: More explicit attention to reducing firearm homicide among Black boys and young men and firearm suicide among Native and rural White boys and young men is urgently needed and has potential to substantially lower overall rates of firearm violence in the U.S. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-5 (May 2021) . - p.563-579[article] Annual Research Review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jessika H. BOTTIANI, Auteur ; Daniel A. CAMACHO, Auteur ; Sarah LINDSTROM JOHNSON, Auteur ; Catherine P. BRADSHAW, Auteur . - p.563-579.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-5 (May 2021) . - p.563-579
Mots-clés : Adolescence firearm violence prevention racial disparities socio-cultural influence structural inequality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Research has identified the United States (U.S.) as a global outlier in its firearm ownership rates, with a correspondingly higher risk of youth firearm violence compared to other countries. The relative extent of disparities in youth firearm violence within the U.S. has been less clear. Little is known about factors in the social ecology driving these disparities and whether current firearm violence prevention approaches sufficiently address them. METHOD: Applying a health disparities framework, we synthesized epidemiological, sociological, and prevention science literatures, emphasizing structural inequalities in youth sociocultural positionality in life course developmental context. We also highlighted findings from national injury data and other studies regarding the magnitude and impacts of youth firearm violence disparities. RESULTS: The burden of firearm violence varied markedly at intersections of gender, race, place, developmental stage, and homicidal or suicidal intent. Firearm homicide among Black boys and young men (ages 15-24) was at outlier levels - many times greater than the rates of any other demographic group, developmental stage, or violence intent, particularly in urban settings. Recent research has operationalized structural racism and implicated historically racialized spaces as a root cause of this disparity. In contrast, elevated firearm suicide rates were found among Native and White boys and young men in rural settings; firearm-related cultural attitudes and gender socialization were points of consideration to explain these disparities. We highlighted research-based youth firearm violence preventive interventions, and emphasized gaps in efforts focused on structural and sociocultural factors. CONCLUSIONS: More explicit attention to reducing firearm homicide among Black boys and young men and firearm suicide among Native and rural White boys and young men is urgently needed and has potential to substantially lower overall rates of firearm violence in the U.S. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13392 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445 Predictors of Age of Diagnosis for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of a Consistent Source of Medical Care, Race, and Condition Severity / Natacha D. EMERSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-1 (January 2016)
[article]
Titre : Predictors of Age of Diagnosis for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of a Consistent Source of Medical Care, Race, and Condition Severity Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Natacha D. EMERSON, Auteur ; Holly E. R. MORRELL, Auteur ; Cameron L. NEECE, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.127-138 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ethnies Autism spectrum disorders Racial disparities Consistent source of care Diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Having a consistent source of medical care may facilitate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study examined predictors of age of ASD diagnosis using data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Using multiple linear regression analysis, age of diagnosis was predicted by race, ASD severity, having a consistent source of care (CSC), and the interaction between these variables after controlling for birth cohort, birth order, poverty level, parental education, and health insurance. While African American children were diagnosed earlier than Caucasians, this effect was moderated by ASD severity and CSC. Having a CSC predicted earlier diagnosis for Caucasian but not African American children. Both physician and parent behaviors may contribute to diagnostic delays in minority children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2555-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.127-138[article] Predictors of Age of Diagnosis for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of a Consistent Source of Medical Care, Race, and Condition Severity [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Natacha D. EMERSON, Auteur ; Holly E. R. MORRELL, Auteur ; Cameron L. NEECE, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.127-138.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-1 (January 2016) . - p.127-138
Mots-clés : Ethnies Autism spectrum disorders Racial disparities Consistent source of care Diagnosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Having a consistent source of medical care may facilitate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study examined predictors of age of ASD diagnosis using data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Using multiple linear regression analysis, age of diagnosis was predicted by race, ASD severity, having a consistent source of care (CSC), and the interaction between these variables after controlling for birth cohort, birth order, poverty level, parental education, and health insurance. While African American children were diagnosed earlier than Caucasians, this effect was moderated by ASD severity and CSC. Having a CSC predicted earlier diagnosis for Caucasian but not African American children. Both physician and parent behaviors may contribute to diagnostic delays in minority children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2555-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=278 Strategies for Disseminating Information on Biomedical Research on Autism to Hispanic Parents / Clara M. LAJONCHERE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-3 (March 2016)
[article]
Titre : Strategies for Disseminating Information on Biomedical Research on Autism to Hispanic Parents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Clara M. LAJONCHERE, Auteur ; Barbara Y. WHEELER, Auteur ; Thomas W. VALENTE, Auteur ; Cary KREUTZER, Auteur ; Aron MUNSON, Auteur ; Shrikanth NARAYANAN, Auteur ; Abe KAZEMZADEH, Auteur ; Roxana CRUZ, Auteur ; Irene MARTINEZ, Auteur ; Sheree M. SCHRAGER, Auteur ; Lisa SCHWEITZER, Auteur ; Tara CHKLOVSKI, Auteur ; Darryl HWANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1038-1050 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Biomedical research on Autism Hispanic/Latino Health literacy Racial disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Low income Hispanic families experience multiple barriers to accessing evidence-based information on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study utilized a mixed-strategy intervention to create access to information in published bio-medical research articles on ASD by distilling the content into parent-friendly English- and Spanish-language ASD Science Briefs and presenting them to participants using two socially-oriented dissemination methods. There was a main effect for short-term knowledge gains associated with the Science Briefs but no effect for the dissemination method. After 5 months, participants reported utilizing the information learned and 90 % wanted to read more Science Briefs. These preliminary findings highlight the potential benefits of distilling biomedical research articles on ASD into parent-friendly educational products for currently underserved Hispanic parents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2649-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.1038-1050[article] Strategies for Disseminating Information on Biomedical Research on Autism to Hispanic Parents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Clara M. LAJONCHERE, Auteur ; Barbara Y. WHEELER, Auteur ; Thomas W. VALENTE, Auteur ; Cary KREUTZER, Auteur ; Aron MUNSON, Auteur ; Shrikanth NARAYANAN, Auteur ; Abe KAZEMZADEH, Auteur ; Roxana CRUZ, Auteur ; Irene MARTINEZ, Auteur ; Sheree M. SCHRAGER, Auteur ; Lisa SCHWEITZER, Auteur ; Tara CHKLOVSKI, Auteur ; Darryl HWANG, Auteur . - p.1038-1050.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.1038-1050
Mots-clés : Biomedical research on Autism Hispanic/Latino Health literacy Racial disparities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Low income Hispanic families experience multiple barriers to accessing evidence-based information on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study utilized a mixed-strategy intervention to create access to information in published bio-medical research articles on ASD by distilling the content into parent-friendly English- and Spanish-language ASD Science Briefs and presenting them to participants using two socially-oriented dissemination methods. There was a main effect for short-term knowledge gains associated with the Science Briefs but no effect for the dissemination method. After 5 months, participants reported utilizing the information learned and 90 % wanted to read more Science Briefs. These preliminary findings highlight the potential benefits of distilling biomedical research articles on ASD into parent-friendly educational products for currently underserved Hispanic parents. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2649-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281