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No relationship between early postnatal testosterone concentrations and autistic traits in 18 to 30-month-old children / Karson T. F. KUNG in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : No relationship between early postnatal testosterone concentrations and autistic traits in 18 to 30-month-old children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; M. CONSTANTINESCU, Auteur ; W. V. BROWNE, Auteur ; R. M. NOORDERHAVEN, Auteur ; M. HINES, Auteur Article en page(s) : 15p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism/psychology Birth Weight Child Development Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Male Maternal Age Parents/education Paternal Age Risk Factors Saliva/chemistry Siblings Surveys and Questionnaires Symptom Assessment Testosterone/analysis Autism Gender differences Postnatal development Sex differences Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Some previous research has suggested that testosterone prenatally contributes to gender differences in autistic traits, but little is known about the role of testosterone during early postnatal development (mini-puberty). Two prior studies found no sex difference in testosterone postnatally in saliva samples and detected little to no relationship between testosterone postnatally and autistic traits in toddlers. These findings may reflect late measurements of testosterone at 3 to 4 months of age, after the peak of mini-puberty at 1 to 3 months of age. The present study examined the relationship between testosterone at 1 to 3 months of age and autistic traits at 18 to 30 months of age. FINDINGS: Testosterone was measured in saliva samples collected from children at 1 to 3 months of age. When the children (40 boys, 47 girls) reached 18 to 30 months of age, parents completed the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT). Boys had higher concentrations of testosterone postnatally and higher Q-CHAT scores than girls. However, testosterone did not correlate with Q-CHAT scores in boys, girls, or the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that testosterone during the early postnatal period does not contribute to later autistic traits. Given our relatively small samples and therefore limited power, however, further research could usefully examine if testosterone in saliva samples collected during the peak of mini-puberty in larger groups predicts autistic traits or other traits that show gender differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0078-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 15p.[article] No relationship between early postnatal testosterone concentrations and autistic traits in 18 to 30-month-old children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Karson T. F. KUNG, Auteur ; M. CONSTANTINESCU, Auteur ; W. V. BROWNE, Auteur ; R. M. NOORDERHAVEN, Auteur ; M. HINES, Auteur . - 15p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 15p.
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism/psychology Birth Weight Child Development Child, Preschool Female Humans Infant Male Maternal Age Parents/education Paternal Age Risk Factors Saliva/chemistry Siblings Surveys and Questionnaires Symptom Assessment Testosterone/analysis Autism Gender differences Postnatal development Sex differences Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Some previous research has suggested that testosterone prenatally contributes to gender differences in autistic traits, but little is known about the role of testosterone during early postnatal development (mini-puberty). Two prior studies found no sex difference in testosterone postnatally in saliva samples and detected little to no relationship between testosterone postnatally and autistic traits in toddlers. These findings may reflect late measurements of testosterone at 3 to 4 months of age, after the peak of mini-puberty at 1 to 3 months of age. The present study examined the relationship between testosterone at 1 to 3 months of age and autistic traits at 18 to 30 months of age. FINDINGS: Testosterone was measured in saliva samples collected from children at 1 to 3 months of age. When the children (40 boys, 47 girls) reached 18 to 30 months of age, parents completed the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT). Boys had higher concentrations of testosterone postnatally and higher Q-CHAT scores than girls. However, testosterone did not correlate with Q-CHAT scores in boys, girls, or the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that testosterone during the early postnatal period does not contribute to later autistic traits. Given our relatively small samples and therefore limited power, however, further research could usefully examine if testosterone in saliva samples collected during the peak of mini-puberty in larger groups predicts autistic traits or other traits that show gender differences. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0078-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=328 Developmental vitamin D deficiency increases foetal exposure to testosterone / Asad Amanat ALI in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Developmental vitamin D deficiency increases foetal exposure to testosterone Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Asad Amanat ALI, Auteur ; Xiaoying CUI, Auteur ; Renata Aparecida Nedel PERTILE, Auteur ; Xiang LI, Auteur ; Gregory MEDLEY, Auteur ; Suzanne Adele ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; John Joseph MCGRATH, Auteur ; Darryl Walter EYLES, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Animal model Aromatase Autism Developmental vitamin D deficiency Methylation Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which are more common in males. The 'prenatal sex steroid' hypothesis links excessive sex-steroid exposure during foetal life with the behavioural differences observed in ASD. However, the reason why sex steroid exposure may be excessive remains unclear. Epidemiological studies have identified several environmental risk factors associated with ASD, including developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency. We have demonstrated in an animal model that DVD-deficiency is associated with a hyper-inflammatory response in placentas from male but not female foetuses. Vitamin D also regulates the expression of several steroidogenic enzymes in vitro. Therefore using this animal model, we have examined whether DVD-deficiency leads to increased sex-steroid levels in both the maternal and foetal compartments. METHODS: Female rats are fed a vitamin D deficient diet from 6 weeks before mating until tissue collection at embryonic day 18. We examined the levels of testosterone, androstenedione and corticosterone in maternal plasma, foetal brains and amniotic fluid. We further examined gene expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and DNA methylation of aromatase promoters in foetal brains as a potential molecular mechanism regulating testosterone expression. RESULTS: We show that DVD-deficiency increases testosterone levels in maternal blood. We also show elevated levels of testosterone and androstenedione in the amniotic fluid of female but not male DVD-deficient foetuses. Testosterone levels were also elevated in DVD-deficient male brains. Vitamin D, like other steroid-related hormones, regulates gene expression via methylation. Therefore we examined whether the significant elevation in testosterone in male brains was due to such a potential gene-silencing mechanism. We show that the promoter of aromatase was hyper-methylated compared to male controls. LIMITATIONS: A reduction in aromatase, in addition to causing excessive testosterone, could also lead to a reduction in estradiol which was not examined here. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show how an epidemiologically established environmental risk factor for ASD may selectively elevate testosterone in male embryonic brains. These findings provide further mechanistic support for the prenatal sex steroid theory of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00399-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020)[article] Developmental vitamin D deficiency increases foetal exposure to testosterone [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Asad Amanat ALI, Auteur ; Xiaoying CUI, Auteur ; Renata Aparecida Nedel PERTILE, Auteur ; Xiang LI, Auteur ; Gregory MEDLEY, Auteur ; Suzanne Adele ALEXANDER, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; John Joseph MCGRATH, Auteur ; Darryl Walter EYLES, Auteur.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020)
Mots-clés : Animal model Aromatase Autism Developmental vitamin D deficiency Methylation Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders which are more common in males. The 'prenatal sex steroid' hypothesis links excessive sex-steroid exposure during foetal life with the behavioural differences observed in ASD. However, the reason why sex steroid exposure may be excessive remains unclear. Epidemiological studies have identified several environmental risk factors associated with ASD, including developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency. We have demonstrated in an animal model that DVD-deficiency is associated with a hyper-inflammatory response in placentas from male but not female foetuses. Vitamin D also regulates the expression of several steroidogenic enzymes in vitro. Therefore using this animal model, we have examined whether DVD-deficiency leads to increased sex-steroid levels in both the maternal and foetal compartments. METHODS: Female rats are fed a vitamin D deficient diet from 6 weeks before mating until tissue collection at embryonic day 18. We examined the levels of testosterone, androstenedione and corticosterone in maternal plasma, foetal brains and amniotic fluid. We further examined gene expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and DNA methylation of aromatase promoters in foetal brains as a potential molecular mechanism regulating testosterone expression. RESULTS: We show that DVD-deficiency increases testosterone levels in maternal blood. We also show elevated levels of testosterone and androstenedione in the amniotic fluid of female but not male DVD-deficient foetuses. Testosterone levels were also elevated in DVD-deficient male brains. Vitamin D, like other steroid-related hormones, regulates gene expression via methylation. Therefore we examined whether the significant elevation in testosterone in male brains was due to such a potential gene-silencing mechanism. We show that the promoter of aromatase was hyper-methylated compared to male controls. LIMITATIONS: A reduction in aromatase, in addition to causing excessive testosterone, could also lead to a reduction in estradiol which was not examined here. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show how an epidemiologically established environmental risk factor for ASD may selectively elevate testosterone in male embryonic brains. These findings provide further mechanistic support for the prenatal sex steroid theory of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00399-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=438 Salivary testosterone in male and female youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: considerations of development, sex, and diagnosis / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : Salivary testosterone in male and female youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: considerations of development, sex, and diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Emma RAFATJOO, Auteur ; Karan K. MIRPURI, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 37 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Sexual Development Testosterone Adolescence Androgen Autism Pubertal development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Puberty is characterized by significant physical, hormonal, and psychological changes, which may be especially challenging for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although the etiology of ASD remains uncertain, studies suggest imbalances in hormones, such as testosterone, may modulate the autism phenotype. While differences in fetal and postnatal testosterone have been reported, there is limited literature regarding testosterone variations during adolescence in ASD. We investigated morning salivary testosterone levels in youth with ASD and typical development (TD) to explore hypothesized differences, expecting elevated hormonal levels in ASD compared to TD. METHODS: Youth with ASD (n=140) and TD (n=104), ages 10 to 13Â years, were enrolled as part of a longitudinal study on pubertal development. Pubertal stage was determined by gold standard physical examination, and salivary testosterone was collected in the morning immediately upon waking and 30 min after waking and averaged across 3 days. Diagnostic (ASD/TD) and sex (male/female) differences, as well as interactions with age and puberty, were examined using robust linear mixed effect models. RESULTS: Youth with ASD showed significantly elevated testosterone concentrations compared to same-age TD peers. After the inclusion of natural cubic splines to account for nonlinearity in age, a significant age-by-sex interaction emerged with distinct developmental slopes for males and females. At younger ages, females had higher testosterone, until about 11.5Â years of age, when levels began to plateau, while male testosterone concentrations continued to rapidly increase and surpass females. As expected, more advanced pubertal development was associated with elevated testosterone. In contrast, no significant effect of parent-reported social communication symptoms was observed. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include an unequal sex distribution, non-representative sample (e.g., cognition and race/ethnicity), and inability to examine afternoon/evening testosterone due to detection limits. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone may play a unique role in the presentation of ASD, especially during periods of dynamic hormonal changes including puberty. Inherent developmental (age, puberty) and sex-based (male, female) factors play a more prominent role in changes in testosterone levels during adolescence. Even so, future research is warranted to determine the differential expression and impact of exposure to excess testosterone during the pubertal transition for youth with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00515-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 37 p.[article] Salivary testosterone in male and female youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: considerations of development, sex, and diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachael A. MUSCATELLO, Auteur ; Emma RAFATJOO, Auteur ; Karan K. MIRPURI, Auteur ; Ahra KIM, Auteur ; Simon VANDEKAR, Auteur ; Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur . - 37 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 37 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Sexual Development Testosterone Adolescence Androgen Autism Pubertal development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Puberty is characterized by significant physical, hormonal, and psychological changes, which may be especially challenging for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although the etiology of ASD remains uncertain, studies suggest imbalances in hormones, such as testosterone, may modulate the autism phenotype. While differences in fetal and postnatal testosterone have been reported, there is limited literature regarding testosterone variations during adolescence in ASD. We investigated morning salivary testosterone levels in youth with ASD and typical development (TD) to explore hypothesized differences, expecting elevated hormonal levels in ASD compared to TD. METHODS: Youth with ASD (n=140) and TD (n=104), ages 10 to 13Â years, were enrolled as part of a longitudinal study on pubertal development. Pubertal stage was determined by gold standard physical examination, and salivary testosterone was collected in the morning immediately upon waking and 30 min after waking and averaged across 3 days. Diagnostic (ASD/TD) and sex (male/female) differences, as well as interactions with age and puberty, were examined using robust linear mixed effect models. RESULTS: Youth with ASD showed significantly elevated testosterone concentrations compared to same-age TD peers. After the inclusion of natural cubic splines to account for nonlinearity in age, a significant age-by-sex interaction emerged with distinct developmental slopes for males and females. At younger ages, females had higher testosterone, until about 11.5Â years of age, when levels began to plateau, while male testosterone concentrations continued to rapidly increase and surpass females. As expected, more advanced pubertal development was associated with elevated testosterone. In contrast, no significant effect of parent-reported social communication symptoms was observed. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include an unequal sex distribution, non-representative sample (e.g., cognition and race/ethnicity), and inability to examine afternoon/evening testosterone due to detection limits. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone may play a unique role in the presentation of ASD, especially during periods of dynamic hormonal changes including puberty. Inherent developmental (age, puberty) and sex-based (male, female) factors play a more prominent role in changes in testosterone levels during adolescence. Even so, future research is warranted to determine the differential expression and impact of exposure to excess testosterone during the pubertal transition for youth with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00515-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=491 Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood / Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-7 (July 2012)
[article]
Titre : Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Eugen MATTES, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.726-734 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Testosterone language delay sex-difference developmental language disorder Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with language delay. However, no study has examined a large sample of children at multiple time-points.
Methods: Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at 861 births and analysed for bioavailable testosterone (BioT) concentrations. When participating offspring were 1, 2 and 3 years of age, parents of 767 children (males = 395; females = 372) completed the Infant Monitoring Questionnaire (IMQ), which measures Communication, Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Adaptive and Personal–Social development. Cut-off scores are available for each scale at each age to identify children with ‘clinically significant’ developmental delays. Chi-square analyses and generalized estimating equations examined longitudinal associations between sex-specific quartiles of BioT concentrations and the rate of developmental delay.
Results: Significantly more males than females had language delay (Communication scale) at age 1, 2 and 3 years (p-values ≤. 01). Males were also more likely to be classified as delayed on the Fine-Motor (p = .04) and Personal–Social (p < .01) scales at age 3 years. Chi-square analyses found a significant difference between BioT quartiles in the rate of language delay (but not Fine-Motor and Personal–Social delay) for males (age 3) and females (age 1 and 3). Generalized estimating equations, incorporating a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables, found that males in the highest BioT quartile were at increased risk for a clinically significant language delay during the first 3 years of life, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 5.47). By contrast, increasing levels of BioT reduced the risk of language delay among females (Quartile 2: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.59; Quartile 4: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.99).
Conclusion: These data suggest that high prenatal testosterone levels are a risk factor for language delay in males, but may be a protective factor for females.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02523.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.726-734[article] Sex-specific associations between umbilical cord blood testosterone levels and language delay in early childhood [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Eugen MATTES, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.726-734.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-7 (July 2012) . - p.726-734
Mots-clés : Testosterone language delay sex-difference developmental language disorder Raine study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with language delay. However, no study has examined a large sample of children at multiple time-points.
Methods: Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained at 861 births and analysed for bioavailable testosterone (BioT) concentrations. When participating offspring were 1, 2 and 3 years of age, parents of 767 children (males = 395; females = 372) completed the Infant Monitoring Questionnaire (IMQ), which measures Communication, Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Adaptive and Personal–Social development. Cut-off scores are available for each scale at each age to identify children with ‘clinically significant’ developmental delays. Chi-square analyses and generalized estimating equations examined longitudinal associations between sex-specific quartiles of BioT concentrations and the rate of developmental delay.
Results: Significantly more males than females had language delay (Communication scale) at age 1, 2 and 3 years (p-values ≤. 01). Males were also more likely to be classified as delayed on the Fine-Motor (p = .04) and Personal–Social (p < .01) scales at age 3 years. Chi-square analyses found a significant difference between BioT quartiles in the rate of language delay (but not Fine-Motor and Personal–Social delay) for males (age 3) and females (age 1 and 3). Generalized estimating equations, incorporating a range of sociodemographic and obstetric variables, found that males in the highest BioT quartile were at increased risk for a clinically significant language delay during the first 3 years of life, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 5.47). By contrast, increasing levels of BioT reduced the risk of language delay among females (Quartile 2: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.59; Quartile 4: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.99).
Conclusion: These data suggest that high prenatal testosterone levels are a risk factor for language delay in males, but may be a protective factor for females.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02523.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=166 Associations Between the 2nd to 4th Digit Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Population-Based Samples of Boys and Girls: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development / Laura A. SCHIEVE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-7 (July 2018)
[article]
Titre : Associations Between the 2nd to 4th Digit Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Population-Based Samples of Boys and Girls: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; L. TIAN, Auteur ; N. DOWLING, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; J. HOOVER-FONG, Auteur ; A. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; S. K. SHAPIRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2379-2395 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Estradiol Fetal development Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ratio of the index (2nd) finger to ring (4th) finger lengths (2D:4D) is a proxy for fetal testosterone and estradiol. Studies suggesting 2D:4D is inversely associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in males were limited by lack of confounder and subgroup assessments. Studies of females are sparse. We examined associations between ASD and 2D:4D among children in the Study to Explore Early Development; we considered case subgroups and numerous potential demographic and maternal-perinatal health confounders. We observed a modest inverse association between ASD and right-hand 2D:4D in males; subgroup analyses indicated associations were limited to ASD cases with birth defects/genetic syndromes or dysmorphic features. We observed a positive association between ASD and left-hand 2D:4D in females, overall and within most case subgroups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3495-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-7 (July 2018) . - p.2379-2395[article] Associations Between the 2nd to 4th Digit Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Population-Based Samples of Boys and Girls: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; L. TIAN, Auteur ; N. DOWLING, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; J. HOOVER-FONG, Auteur ; A. ALEXANDER, Auteur ; S. K. SHAPIRA, Auteur . - p.2379-2395.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-7 (July 2018) . - p.2379-2395
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Estradiol Fetal development Testosterone Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ratio of the index (2nd) finger to ring (4th) finger lengths (2D:4D) is a proxy for fetal testosterone and estradiol. Studies suggesting 2D:4D is inversely associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in males were limited by lack of confounder and subgroup assessments. Studies of females are sparse. We examined associations between ASD and 2D:4D among children in the Study to Explore Early Development; we considered case subgroups and numerous potential demographic and maternal-perinatal health confounders. We observed a modest inverse association between ASD and right-hand 2D:4D in males; subgroup analyses indicated associations were limited to ASD cases with birth defects/genetic syndromes or dysmorphic features. We observed a positive association between ASD and left-hand 2D:4D in females, overall and within most case subgroups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3495-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367 Effects of oxytocin administration on salivary sex hormone levels in autistic and neurotypical women / Tanya L. PROCYSHYN in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
PermalinkLatéralisation cérébrale chez l’enfant hyperactif / Galo PESANTEZ in Evolutions psychomotrices, 22-89 (Octobre 2010)
PermalinkMale predominance in autism: neuroendocrine influences on arousal and social anxiety / Donald W. PFAFF in Autism Research, 4-3 (June 2011)
PermalinkMaternal androgens and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES prospective cohort study / Lauren GRANILLO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 99 (November)
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