Comparing cortisol, stress, and sensory sensitivity in children with autism / Blythe A. CORBETT in Autism Research, 2-1 (February 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.39-49 Titre : Comparing cortisol, stress, and sensory sensitivity in children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Seymour LEVINE, Auteur ; Clayton W. SCHUPP, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.39-49 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism cortisol diurnal-variation stress LHPA sensory-sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previously we reported that children with autism show significant variability in cortisol. The current investigation was designed to extend these findings by exploring plausible relationships between cortisol and psychological measures of stress and sensory functioning. Salivary cortisol values for diurnal rhythms and response to stress in children with and without autism were compared to parent-report measures of child stress, the Stress Survey Schedule (SSS), sensory functioning, Short Sensory Profile (SSP), and Parenting Stress Index. In autism, a negative relationship between morning cortisol and the SSS revealed that higher observed symptoms of stress were related to lower cortisol. Lower cortisol is seen in conditions of chronic stress and in social situations characterized by unstable social relationships. Sensory sensitivity painted a more complicated picture, in that some aspects of SSP were associated with higher while others were associated with lower cortisol. We propose that increased sensory sensitivity may enhance the autistic child's susceptibility to the influence of zeitgeibers reflected in variable cortisol secretion. Evening cortisol was positively associated with SSS such that the higher the level of evening cortisol, the higher the child's parent-reported daily stress, especially to changes, such as in daily routine. Regarding the response to stress, the psychological and parent variables did not differentiate the groups; rather, discrete subgroups of cortisol responders and nonresponders were revealed in both the autism and neurotypical children. The results support a complex interplay between physiological and behavioral stress and sensory sensitivity in autism and plausible developmental factors influencing stress reactivity across the groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.64 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935 [article] Comparing cortisol, stress, and sensory sensitivity in children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Seymour LEVINE, Auteur ; Clayton W. SCHUPP, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.39-49. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-1 (February 2009) . - p.39-49 Mots-clés : autism cortisol diurnal-variation stress LHPA sensory-sensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Previously we reported that children with autism show significant variability in cortisol. The current investigation was designed to extend these findings by exploring plausible relationships between cortisol and psychological measures of stress and sensory functioning. Salivary cortisol values for diurnal rhythms and response to stress in children with and without autism were compared to parent-report measures of child stress, the Stress Survey Schedule (SSS), sensory functioning, Short Sensory Profile (SSP), and Parenting Stress Index. In autism, a negative relationship between morning cortisol and the SSS revealed that higher observed symptoms of stress were related to lower cortisol. Lower cortisol is seen in conditions of chronic stress and in social situations characterized by unstable social relationships. Sensory sensitivity painted a more complicated picture, in that some aspects of SSP were associated with higher while others were associated with lower cortisol. We propose that increased sensory sensitivity may enhance the autistic child's susceptibility to the influence of zeitgeibers reflected in variable cortisol secretion. Evening cortisol was positively associated with SSS such that the higher the level of evening cortisol, the higher the child's parent-reported daily stress, especially to changes, such as in daily routine. Regarding the response to stress, the psychological and parent variables did not differentiate the groups; rather, discrete subgroups of cortisol responders and nonresponders were revealed in both the autism and neurotypical children. The results support a complex interplay between physiological and behavioral stress and sensory sensitivity in autism and plausible developmental factors influencing stress reactivity across the groups. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.64 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=935

Elevated cortisol during play is associated with age and social engagement in children with autism / Blythe A. CORBETT in Molecular Autism, (September 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (September 2010) . - 12 p. Titre : Elevated cortisol during play is associated with age and social engagement in children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Clayton W. SCHUPP, Auteur ; David SIMON, Auteur ; Niles RYAN, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The hallmark characteristic of autism is impaired reciprocal social interaction. While children find social interaction stress-reducing, many children with autism may find social interaction stress-inducing. The current study was designed to examine stress responsivity as measured by cortisol by comparing children with autism to neurotypical peers during an ecologically valid 20-minute playground paradigm. Methods The experiment involved sets of three children: a child with autism, a neurotypical child, and a confederate. Participants included 45 prepubescent males between 8 and 12 years of age (21 with autism and 24 neurotypical children). Results Children with autism showed fewer initiations (χ²(1) = 4.03, P = 0.044), rejected initiations from others more (χ²(1) = 7.10, P = 0.008) and spent less time interacting during motor (F(1,43) = 16.7, P = 0.0002) and cooperative (F(1,43) = 14.78, P = 0.0004) play. Repeated measures analysis of the cortisol values revealed a significant model (χ²(4) = 22.76, P < 0.0005) that included time of measurement, diagnosis and age as main effects and an interaction between diagnosis and age. Thus, as age increased among children with autism, they experienced enhanced cortisol levels while age did not modify expected cortisol levels for typical children. Stress responsivity was associated with more peripheral equipment play for motor (χ²(3) = 12.3, P = 0.006) and cooperative (χ²(3) = 8.24, P = 0.04) play as well as reduced nonverbal social skills during motor (χ²(1) = 5.52, P = 0.018) and cooperative play (χ²(1) = 4.53, P = 0.033). Conclusions Overall, children with autism engaged in fewer social overtures and spent less time interacting than typically developing peers during play. The peer interaction paradigm resulted in significantly higher levels of cortisol in many children with autism. Distinct patterns emerged within the autism group based on developmental (older), biological (cortisol responder) and behavioral patterns (peripheral group interaction). The enhanced cortisol response was observed in children who voluntarily engaged in interaction; thus, it does not support the notion of a response to social threat. Rather, it appears to reflect attendant metabolic preparedness and enhanced arousal from engaging socially. The data suggest that many children with autism activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses in relatively benign social situations, which appears to be a function of age and level of social engagement. The findings support the need to teach coping strategies in addition to fundamental social skills to youth with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-1-13 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 [article] Elevated cortisol during play is associated with age and social engagement in children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Blythe A. CORBETT, Auteur ; Clayton W. SCHUPP, Auteur ; David SIMON, Auteur ; Niles RYAN, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur . - 2010 . - 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (September 2010) . - 12 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The hallmark characteristic of autism is impaired reciprocal social interaction. While children find social interaction stress-reducing, many children with autism may find social interaction stress-inducing. The current study was designed to examine stress responsivity as measured by cortisol by comparing children with autism to neurotypical peers during an ecologically valid 20-minute playground paradigm. Methods The experiment involved sets of three children: a child with autism, a neurotypical child, and a confederate. Participants included 45 prepubescent males between 8 and 12 years of age (21 with autism and 24 neurotypical children). Results Children with autism showed fewer initiations (χ²(1) = 4.03, P = 0.044), rejected initiations from others more (χ²(1) = 7.10, P = 0.008) and spent less time interacting during motor (F(1,43) = 16.7, P = 0.0002) and cooperative (F(1,43) = 14.78, P = 0.0004) play. Repeated measures analysis of the cortisol values revealed a significant model (χ²(4) = 22.76, P < 0.0005) that included time of measurement, diagnosis and age as main effects and an interaction between diagnosis and age. Thus, as age increased among children with autism, they experienced enhanced cortisol levels while age did not modify expected cortisol levels for typical children. Stress responsivity was associated with more peripheral equipment play for motor (χ²(3) = 12.3, P = 0.006) and cooperative (χ²(3) = 8.24, P = 0.04) play as well as reduced nonverbal social skills during motor (χ²(1) = 5.52, P = 0.018) and cooperative play (χ²(1) = 4.53, P = 0.033). Conclusions Overall, children with autism engaged in fewer social overtures and spent less time interacting than typically developing peers during play. The peer interaction paradigm resulted in significantly higher levels of cortisol in many children with autism. Distinct patterns emerged within the autism group based on developmental (older), biological (cortisol responder) and behavioral patterns (peripheral group interaction). The enhanced cortisol response was observed in children who voluntarily engaged in interaction; thus, it does not support the notion of a response to social threat. Rather, it appears to reflect attendant metabolic preparedness and enhanced arousal from engaging socially. The data suggest that many children with autism activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses in relatively benign social situations, which appears to be a function of age and level of social engagement. The findings support the need to teach coping strategies in addition to fundamental social skills to youth with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-1-13 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114

Serotonin pathway gene–gene and gene–environment interactions influence behavioral stress response in infant rhesus macaques / Erin L. KINNALLY in Development and Psychopathology, 22-1 (January 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 22-1 (January 2010) . - p.35-44 Titre : Serotonin pathway gene–gene and gene–environment interactions influence behavioral stress response in infant rhesus macaques Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Erin L. KINNALLY, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur ; Genesio M. KARERE, Auteur ; Leslie A. LYONS, Auteur ; William A. MASON, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.35-44 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A subset of serotonin (5-HT) pathway polymorphisms has been shown to confer risk for psychological dysfunction, particularly in individuals who experience early adversity. Understanding the developmental processes underlying these Gene × Environment interactions will strengthen the search for risk factors for behavioral dysfunction. We investigated the combined influence of two serotonin pathway polymorphisms and species-atypical, and possibly adverse, rearing (nursery rearing [NR]) on two dimensions of behavioral stress response in infant rhesus macaques. We hypothesized that the experience of NR and possession of both “high-risk” genotypes (genotypes that are thought to confer low 5-HT function) would predict the greatest behavioral stress response to maternal/social separation. Using a matched-pair design, the impact of early experience and the serotonin transporter (rh5-HTTLPR) and monoamine oxidase A (rhMAO-A-LPR) promoter polymorphisms on behavioral reactivity of 136 infant rhesus macaques (90–120 days of age) during a 25-hr social separation/relocation procedure was assessed. Each pair included one infant reared with mother in a large, outdoor field enclosure (field rearing) and one infant reared in a nursery (NR). Pairs were matched for putative gene activity of each polymorphism, sex, age, and weight at testing. Behavioral responses in a “human intruder” test were recorded, and activity and emotional reactivity composites were created to detect different aspects of psychological adaptation to stress. Our hypothesis that high-risk groups would be the most reactive to stress was not entirely borne out. Rh5-HTTLPR × rhMAOA-LPR interactions predicted emotional reactivity and tended to predict behavioral activity scores. Carriers of the two “low-risk” alleles exhibited the lowest behavioral activity, as might be predicted, but carriers of both “high-risk” alleles were two of four genotype groups exhibiting the highest observed Emotional Reactivity. Gene × Gene interactions were exacerbated by the experience of nursery rearing, as predicted, however. Finally, we suggest that genetic or environmental factors may mitigate the risk for behavioral dysregulation illustrated in the patterns of behavioral activity and emotional reactivity displayed by infants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409990241 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=969 [article] Serotonin pathway gene–gene and gene–environment interactions influence behavioral stress response in infant rhesus macaques [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Erin L. KINNALLY, Auteur ; Sally MENDOZA, Auteur ; Genesio M. KARERE, Auteur ; Leslie A. LYONS, Auteur ; William A. MASON, Auteur ; John P. CAPITANIO, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.35-44. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 22-1 (January 2010) . - p.35-44 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A subset of serotonin (5-HT) pathway polymorphisms has been shown to confer risk for psychological dysfunction, particularly in individuals who experience early adversity. Understanding the developmental processes underlying these Gene × Environment interactions will strengthen the search for risk factors for behavioral dysfunction. We investigated the combined influence of two serotonin pathway polymorphisms and species-atypical, and possibly adverse, rearing (nursery rearing [NR]) on two dimensions of behavioral stress response in infant rhesus macaques. We hypothesized that the experience of NR and possession of both “high-risk” genotypes (genotypes that are thought to confer low 5-HT function) would predict the greatest behavioral stress response to maternal/social separation. Using a matched-pair design, the impact of early experience and the serotonin transporter (rh5-HTTLPR) and monoamine oxidase A (rhMAO-A-LPR) promoter polymorphisms on behavioral reactivity of 136 infant rhesus macaques (90–120 days of age) during a 25-hr social separation/relocation procedure was assessed. Each pair included one infant reared with mother in a large, outdoor field enclosure (field rearing) and one infant reared in a nursery (NR). Pairs were matched for putative gene activity of each polymorphism, sex, age, and weight at testing. Behavioral responses in a “human intruder” test were recorded, and activity and emotional reactivity composites were created to detect different aspects of psychological adaptation to stress. Our hypothesis that high-risk groups would be the most reactive to stress was not entirely borne out. Rh5-HTTLPR × rhMAOA-LPR interactions predicted emotional reactivity and tended to predict behavioral activity scores. Carriers of the two “low-risk” alleles exhibited the lowest behavioral activity, as might be predicted, but carriers of both “high-risk” alleles were two of four genotype groups exhibiting the highest observed Emotional Reactivity. Gene × Gene interactions were exacerbated by the experience of nursery rearing, as predicted, however. Finally, we suggest that genetic or environmental factors may mitigate the risk for behavioral dysregulation illustrated in the patterns of behavioral activity and emotional reactivity displayed by infants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409990241 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=969

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