Disinhibited social engagement in postinstitutionalized children: Differentiating normal from atypical behavior / Jamie M. LAWLER in Development and Psychopathology, 26-2 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.451-464 Titre : Disinhibited social engagement in postinstitutionalized children: Differentiating normal from atypical behavior Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jamie M. LAWLER, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.451-464 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The most commonly reported socially aberrant behavior in postinstitutionalized (PI) children is disinhibited social engagement (DSE; also known as indiscriminate friendliness). There is no gold standard for measurement of this phenomenon nor agreement on how to differentiate it from normative behavior. We adopted a developmental psychopathology approach (Cicchetti, 1984) to study this phenomenon by comparing it to normative social development and by studying its patterns over time in 50 newly adopted PI children (16–36 months at adoption) compared with 41 children adopted early from foster care overseas and 47 nonadopted (NA) controls. Using coded behavioral observations of the child's interaction with an unfamiliar adult, atypical behaviors were differentiated from normative behaviors. Principal components analysis identified two dimensions of social disinhibition. The nonphysical social dimension (e.g., initiations, proximity) showed wide variation in NA children and is therefore considered a typical form of sociability. Displays of physical contact and intimacy were rare in NA children, suggesting that they represent an atypical pattern of behavior. Both adopted groups demonstrated more physical DSE behavior than NA children. There were no group differences on the nonphysical factor, and it increased over time in all groups. Implications for understanding the etiology of DSE and future directions are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230 [article] Disinhibited social engagement in postinstitutionalized children: Differentiating normal from atypical behavior [texte imprimé] / Jamie M. LAWLER, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur . - p.451-464. in Development and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.451-464 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The most commonly reported socially aberrant behavior in postinstitutionalized (PI) children is disinhibited social engagement (DSE; also known as indiscriminate friendliness). There is no gold standard for measurement of this phenomenon nor agreement on how to differentiate it from normative behavior. We adopted a developmental psychopathology approach (Cicchetti, 1984) to study this phenomenon by comparing it to normative social development and by studying its patterns over time in 50 newly adopted PI children (16–36 months at adoption) compared with 41 children adopted early from foster care overseas and 47 nonadopted (NA) controls. Using coded behavioral observations of the child's interaction with an unfamiliar adult, atypical behaviors were differentiated from normative behaviors. Principal components analysis identified two dimensions of social disinhibition. The nonphysical social dimension (e.g., initiations, proximity) showed wide variation in NA children and is therefore considered a typical form of sociability. Displays of physical contact and intimacy were rare in NA children, suggesting that they represent an atypical pattern of behavior. Both adopted groups demonstrated more physical DSE behavior than NA children. There were no group differences on the nonphysical factor, and it increased over time in all groups. Implications for understanding the etiology of DSE and future directions are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000054 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230

Increased freezing and decreased positive affect in postinstitutionalized children / Sarah A. STELLERN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-1 (January 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-1 (January 2014) . - p.88-95 Titre : Increased freezing and decreased positive affect in postinstitutionalized children Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sarah A. STELLERN, Auteur ; Elisa A. ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Katherine C. PEARS, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.88-95 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Deprivation  neglect  fear  positive affect  international adoption  institutional care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early neglect is associated with increased risk of internalizing disorders in humans and with increased fear behavior in animals. When children are adopted out of orphanages in which they experienced institutional neglect, anxiety and depressive disorders often are not seen until adolescence. What has not been examined is whether even young children adopted from institutional care exhibit heightened fear or behavioral inhibition. Method Children adopted between 15 and 35 months from institutional care were examined twice during their first year postadoption and compared with children of the same age reared in their birth families. A modified version of the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery for Preschoolers was used with the children being exposed to two mechanical toys designed to be highly arousing and fear eliciting. Because children in institutions tend to exhibit low levels of positive affect, the children were also examined during exposure to two positive stimuli. Sessions were videotaped and coded by observers blind to the study purpose. Results Postinstitutionalized children froze more in fear vignettes and were less positive in both fear and positive vignettes than nonadopted children. Group differences did notdiminish significantly from the first session to the next, 6 months later. Conclusions Children exposed to early institutional neglect exhibit emotional biases that are consistent with their previously demonstrated risk for the development of internalizing disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12123 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220 [article] Increased freezing and decreased positive affect in postinstitutionalized children [texte imprimé] / Sarah A. STELLERN, Auteur ; Elisa A. ESPOSITO, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Katherine C. PEARS, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur . - p.88-95. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-1 (January 2014) . - p.88-95 Mots-clés : Deprivation  neglect  fear  positive affect  international adoption  institutional care Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Early neglect is associated with increased risk of internalizing disorders in humans and with increased fear behavior in animals. When children are adopted out of orphanages in which they experienced institutional neglect, anxiety and depressive disorders often are not seen until adolescence. What has not been examined is whether even young children adopted from institutional care exhibit heightened fear or behavioral inhibition. Method Children adopted between 15 and 35 months from institutional care were examined twice during their first year postadoption and compared with children of the same age reared in their birth families. A modified version of the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery for Preschoolers was used with the children being exposed to two mechanical toys designed to be highly arousing and fear eliciting. Because children in institutions tend to exhibit low levels of positive affect, the children were also examined during exposure to two positive stimuli. Sessions were videotaped and coded by observers blind to the study purpose. Results Postinstitutionalized children froze more in fear vignettes and were less positive in both fear and positive vignettes than nonadopted children. Group differences did notdiminish significantly from the first session to the next, 6 months later. Conclusions Children exposed to early institutional neglect exhibit emotional biases that are consistent with their previously demonstrated risk for the development of internalizing disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12123 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220

The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation / Elizabeth A. CARLSON in Development and Psychopathology, 26-2 (May 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.479-489 Titre : The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Elizabeth A. CARLSON, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.479-489 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the formation and quality of attachment of 65 postinstitutionalized (PI) toddlers with their parents at 1–3 and 7–9 months postadoption compared to 52 nonadopted (NA) children. The formation of attachment relationships of PI children with adoptive parents occurred relatively quickly. Children exposed to greater preadoption adversity took longer to form an attachment to their adoptive parents, although by 7–9 months postadoption, nearly all (90%) of the children achieved the highest level on an attachment formation rating scale. PI children did not differ from NA children in attachment security, based either on the Attachment Q-Sort or Strange Situation categorical scoring. However, the PI children were more likely to be disorganized in their attachment patterns. Preadoption adversity was related to lower Q-sort security scores especially at the initial assessment 1–3 months postadoption. The results indicated that attachment formation and attachment quality in PI children are differentiable constructs with different precursors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230 [article] The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation [texte imprimé] / Elizabeth A. CARLSON, Auteur ; Camelia E. HOSTINAR, Auteur ; Shanna B. MLINER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur . - p.479-489. in Development and Psychopathology > 26-2 (May 2014) . - p.479-489 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the formation and quality of attachment of 65 postinstitutionalized (PI) toddlers with their parents at 1–3 and 7–9 months postadoption compared to 52 nonadopted (NA) children. The formation of attachment relationships of PI children with adoptive parents occurred relatively quickly. Children exposed to greater preadoption adversity took longer to form an attachment to their adoptive parents, although by 7–9 months postadoption, nearly all (90%) of the children achieved the highest level on an attachment formation rating scale. PI children did not differ from NA children in attachment security, based either on the Attachment Q-Sort or Strange Situation categorical scoring. However, the PI children were more likely to be disorganized in their attachment patterns. Preadoption adversity was related to lower Q-sort security scores especially at the initial assessment 1–3 months postadoption. The results indicated that attachment formation and attachment quality in PI children are differentiable constructs with different precursors. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000078 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=230

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