Allocation of attention to scenes of peer harassment: Visual–cognitive moderators of the link between peer victimization and aggression / Wendy TROOP-GORDON in Development and Psychopathology, 31-2 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 31-2 (May 2019) . - p.525-540 Titre : Allocation of attention to scenes of peer harassment: Visual–cognitive moderators of the link between peer victimization and aggression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wendy TROOP-GORDON, Auteur ; Robert D. GORDON, Auteur ; Bethany M. SCHWANDT, Auteur ; Gregor A. HORVATH, Auteur ; Elizabeth EWING LEE, Auteur ; Kari Jeanne VISCONTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.525-540 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As approximately one-third of peer-victimized children evidence heightened aggression (Schwartz, Proctor, & Chien, 2001), it is imperative to identify the circumstances under which victimization and aggression co-develop. The current study explored two potential moderators of victimization–aggression linkages: (a) attentional bias toward cues signaling threat and (b) attentional bais toward cues communicating interpersonal support. Seventy-two fifth- and sixth-grade children (34 boys; Mage = 11.67) were eye tracked while watching video clips of bullying. Each scene included a bully, a victim, a reinforcer, and a defender. Children's victimization was measured using peer, parent, and teacher reports. Aggression was measured using peer reports of overt and relational aggression and teacher reports of aggression. Victimization was associated with greater aggression at high levels of attention to the bully. Victimization was also associated with greater aggression at low attention to the defender for boys, but at high attention to the defender for girls. Attention to the victim was negatively correlated with aggression regardless of victimization history. Thus, attentional biases to social cues integral to the bullying context differentiate whether victimization is linked to aggression, necessitating future research on the development of these biases and concurrent trajectories of sociobehavioral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393 [article] Allocation of attention to scenes of peer harassment: Visual–cognitive moderators of the link between peer victimization and aggression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wendy TROOP-GORDON, Auteur ; Robert D. GORDON, Auteur ; Bethany M. SCHWANDT, Auteur ; Gregor A. HORVATH, Auteur ; Elizabeth EWING LEE, Auteur ; Kari Jeanne VISCONTI, Auteur . - p.525-540. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 31-2 (May 2019) . - p.525-540 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As approximately one-third of peer-victimized children evidence heightened aggression (Schwartz, Proctor, & Chien, 2001), it is imperative to identify the circumstances under which victimization and aggression co-develop. The current study explored two potential moderators of victimization–aggression linkages: (a) attentional bias toward cues signaling threat and (b) attentional bais toward cues communicating interpersonal support. Seventy-two fifth- and sixth-grade children (34 boys; Mage = 11.67) were eye tracked while watching video clips of bullying. Each scene included a bully, a victim, a reinforcer, and a defender. Children's victimization was measured using peer, parent, and teacher reports. Aggression was measured using peer reports of overt and relational aggression and teacher reports of aggression. Victimization was associated with greater aggression at high levels of attention to the bully. Victimization was also associated with greater aggression at low attention to the defender for boys, but at high attention to the defender for girls. Attention to the victim was negatively correlated with aggression regardless of victimization history. Thus, attentional biases to social cues integral to the bullying context differentiate whether victimization is linked to aggression, necessitating future research on the development of these biases and concurrent trajectories of sociobehavioral development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418000068 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393

Prenatal cocaine exposure differentially affects stress responses in girls and boys: Associations with future substance use / Tara M. CHAPLIN in Development and Psychopathology, 27-1 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 27-1 (February 2015) . - p.163-180 Titre : Prenatal cocaine exposure differentially affects stress responses in girls and boys: Associations with future substance use Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tara M. CHAPLIN, Auteur ; Kari Jeanne VISCONTI, Auteur ; Peter J. MOLFESE, Auteur ; Elizabeth J. SUSMAN, Auteur ; Laura Cousino KLEIN, Auteur ; Rajita SINHA, Auteur ; Linda C. MAYES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.163-180 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal cocaine exposure may affect developing stress response systems in youth, potentially creating risk for substance use in adolescence. Further, pathways from prenatal risk to future substance use may differ for girls versus boys. The present longitudinal study examined multiple biobehavioral measures, including heart rate, blood pressure, emotion, and salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase (sAA), in response to a stressor in 193 low-income 14- to 17-year-olds, half of whom were prenatally cocaine exposed (PCE). Youth's lifetime substance use was assessed with self-report, interview, and urine toxicology/breathalyzer at Time 1 and at Time 2 (6–12 months later). PCE × Gender interactions were found predicting anxiety, anger, and sadness responses to the stressor, with PCE girls showing heightened responses as compared to PCE boys on these indicators. Stress Response × Gender interactions were found predicting Time 2 substance use in youth (controlling for Time 1 use) for sAA and sadness; for girls, heightened sadness responses predicted substance use, but for boys, dampened sAA responses predicted substance use. Findings suggest distinct biobehavioral stress response risk profiles for boys and girls, with heightened arousal for girls and blunted arousal for boys associated with prenatal risk and future substance use outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000716 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] Prenatal cocaine exposure differentially affects stress responses in girls and boys: Associations with future substance use [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tara M. CHAPLIN, Auteur ; Kari Jeanne VISCONTI, Auteur ; Peter J. MOLFESE, Auteur ; Elizabeth J. SUSMAN, Auteur ; Laura Cousino KLEIN, Auteur ; Rajita SINHA, Auteur ; Linda C. MAYES, Auteur . - p.163-180. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 27-1 (February 2015) . - p.163-180 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Prenatal cocaine exposure may affect developing stress response systems in youth, potentially creating risk for substance use in adolescence. Further, pathways from prenatal risk to future substance use may differ for girls versus boys. The present longitudinal study examined multiple biobehavioral measures, including heart rate, blood pressure, emotion, and salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase (sAA), in response to a stressor in 193 low-income 14- to 17-year-olds, half of whom were prenatally cocaine exposed (PCE). Youth's lifetime substance use was assessed with self-report, interview, and urine toxicology/breathalyzer at Time 1 and at Time 2 (6–12 months later). PCE × Gender interactions were found predicting anxiety, anger, and sadness responses to the stressor, with PCE girls showing heightened responses as compared to PCE boys on these indicators. Stress Response × Gender interactions were found predicting Time 2 substance use in youth (controlling for Time 1 use) for sAA and sadness; for girls, heightened sadness responses predicted substance use, but for boys, dampened sAA responses predicted substance use. Findings suggest distinct biobehavioral stress response risk profiles for boys and girls, with heightened arousal for girls and blunted arousal for boys associated with prenatal risk and future substance use outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000716 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

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