AGG interruptions and maternal age affect FMR1 CGG repeat allele stability during transmission / C. M. YRIGOLLEN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.24 Titre : AGG interruptions and maternal age affect FMR1 CGG repeat allele stability during transmission Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. M. YRIGOLLEN, Auteur ; L. MARTORELL, Auteur ; Blythe DURBIN-JOHNSON, Auteur ; M. NAUDO, Auteur ; J. GENOVES, Auteur ; A. MURGIA, Auteur ; R. POLLI, Auteur ; L. ZHOU, Auteur ; D. BARBOUTH, Auteur ; A. RUPCHOCK, Auteur ; B. FINUCANE, Auteur ; G. J. LATHAM, Auteur ; A. HADD, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : AGG interruptions  Fmr1  full mutation  gray/intermediate allele  premutation  risk of expansion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The presence of AGG interruptions in the CGG repeat locus of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene decreases the instability of the allele during transmission from parent to child, and decreases the risk of expansion of a premutation allele to a full mutation allele (the predominant cause of fragile X syndrome) during maternal transmission. METHODS: To strengthen recent findings on the utility of AGG interruptions in predicting instability or expansion to a full mutation of FMR1 CGG repeat alleles, we assessed the outcomes of 108 intermediate (also named gray zone) and 710 premutation alleles that were transmitted from parent to child, and collected from four international clinical sites. We have used the results to revise our initial model that predicted the risk of a maternal premutation allele expanding to a full mutation during transmission and to test the effect of AGG interruptions on the magnitude of expanded allele instability of intermediate or premutation alleles that did not expand to a full mutation. RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies, the number of AGG triplets that interrupts the CGG repeat locus was found to influence the risk of allele instability, including expansion to a full mutation. The total length of the CGG repeat allele remains the best predictor of instability or expansion to a full mutation, but the number of AGG interruptions and, to a much lesser degree, maternal age are also factors when considering the risk of transmission of the premutation allele to a full mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that a model with total CGG length, number of AGG interruptions, and maternal age is recommended for calculating the risk of expansion to a full mutation during maternal transmission. Taken together, the results of this study provide relevant information for the genetic counseling of female premutation carriers, and improve the current predictive models which calculate risk of expansion to a full mutation using only total CGG repeat length. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-24 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 [article] AGG interruptions and maternal age affect FMR1 CGG repeat allele stability during transmission [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. M. YRIGOLLEN, Auteur ; L. MARTORELL, Auteur ; Blythe DURBIN-JOHNSON, Auteur ; M. NAUDO, Auteur ; J. GENOVES, Auteur ; A. MURGIA, Auteur ; R. POLLI, Auteur ; L. ZHOU, Auteur ; D. BARBOUTH, Auteur ; A. RUPCHOCK, Auteur ; B. FINUCANE, Auteur ; G. J. LATHAM, Auteur ; A. HADD, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur . - p.24. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.24 Mots-clés : AGG interruptions  Fmr1  full mutation  gray/intermediate allele  premutation  risk of expansion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The presence of AGG interruptions in the CGG repeat locus of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene decreases the instability of the allele during transmission from parent to child, and decreases the risk of expansion of a premutation allele to a full mutation allele (the predominant cause of fragile X syndrome) during maternal transmission. METHODS: To strengthen recent findings on the utility of AGG interruptions in predicting instability or expansion to a full mutation of FMR1 CGG repeat alleles, we assessed the outcomes of 108 intermediate (also named gray zone) and 710 premutation alleles that were transmitted from parent to child, and collected from four international clinical sites. We have used the results to revise our initial model that predicted the risk of a maternal premutation allele expanding to a full mutation during transmission and to test the effect of AGG interruptions on the magnitude of expanded allele instability of intermediate or premutation alleles that did not expand to a full mutation. RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies, the number of AGG triplets that interrupts the CGG repeat locus was found to influence the risk of allele instability, including expansion to a full mutation. The total length of the CGG repeat allele remains the best predictor of instability or expansion to a full mutation, but the number of AGG interruptions and, to a much lesser degree, maternal age are also factors when considering the risk of transmission of the premutation allele to a full mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that a model with total CGG length, number of AGG interruptions, and maternal age is recommended for calculating the risk of expansion to a full mutation during maternal transmission. Taken together, the results of this study provide relevant information for the genetic counseling of female premutation carriers, and improve the current predictive models which calculate risk of expansion to a full mutation using only total CGG repeat length. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-24 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346

Aging in fragile X syndrome / A. UTARI in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2-2 (June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 2-2 (June 2010) . - p.70-76 Titre : Aging in fragile X syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. UTARI, Auteur ; E. ADAMS, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur ; Alyssa D. CHAVEZ, Auteur ; F. SCAGGS, Auteur ; L. NGOTRAN, Auteur ; A. BOYD, Auteur ; D. HESSL, Auteur ; L. W. GANE, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur ; N. TARTAGLIA, Auteur ; M. A. LEEHEY, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.70-76 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many studies have focused on the behavior and cognitive problems in young patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS), but there are no studies about the problems in aging for those with FXS. The discovery of the fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative disorder related to elevated FMR1-mRNA, in elderly men and some women with the premutation, intensified the need for aging studies in FXS. Approximately 40% of males with FXS have repeat size mosaicism and as a result, some of these individuals also have elevated levels of FMR1-mRNA which theoretically puts them at risk for FXTAS. Here, we have surveyed all of the aging patients with FXS that we have followed over the years to clarify the medical complications of aging seen in those with FXS. Data was collected from 62 individuals with the FXS full mutation (44 males; 18 females) who were at least 40 years old at their most recent clinical examination. We found that the five most frequent medical problems in these patients were neurological problems (38.7%), gastrointestinal problems (30.6%), obesity (28.8%), hypertension (24.2%) and heart problems (24.2%). Movement disorders were significantly different between males and females (38.6% vs.10.2%, p = 0.029). We did not find any differences in medical problems between those with a full mutation and those with mosaicism. Identification of medical problems associated with aging in FXS is important to establish appropriate recommendations for medical screening and treatment considerations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-010-9047-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=342 [article] Aging in fragile X syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. UTARI, Auteur ; E. ADAMS, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur ; Alyssa D. CHAVEZ, Auteur ; F. SCAGGS, Auteur ; L. NGOTRAN, Auteur ; A. BOYD, Auteur ; D. HESSL, Auteur ; L. W. GANE, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur ; N. TARTAGLIA, Auteur ; M. A. LEEHEY, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur . - p.70-76. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 2-2 (June 2010) . - p.70-76 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Many studies have focused on the behavior and cognitive problems in young patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS), but there are no studies about the problems in aging for those with FXS. The discovery of the fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative disorder related to elevated FMR1-mRNA, in elderly men and some women with the premutation, intensified the need for aging studies in FXS. Approximately 40% of males with FXS have repeat size mosaicism and as a result, some of these individuals also have elevated levels of FMR1-mRNA which theoretically puts them at risk for FXTAS. Here, we have surveyed all of the aging patients with FXS that we have followed over the years to clarify the medical complications of aging seen in those with FXS. Data was collected from 62 individuals with the FXS full mutation (44 males; 18 females) who were at least 40 years old at their most recent clinical examination. We found that the five most frequent medical problems in these patients were neurological problems (38.7%), gastrointestinal problems (30.6%), obesity (28.8%), hypertension (24.2%) and heart problems (24.2%). Movement disorders were significantly different between males and females (38.6% vs.10.2%, p = 0.029). We did not find any differences in medical problems between those with a full mutation and those with mosaicism. Identification of medical problems associated with aging in FXS is important to establish appropriate recommendations for medical screening and treatment considerations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-010-9047-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=342

A cross-sectional analysis of orienting of visuospatial attention in child and adult carriers of the fragile X premutation / L. M. WONG in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.45 Titre : A cross-sectional analysis of orienting of visuospatial attention in child and adult carriers of the fragile X premutation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. M. WONG, Auteur ; N. J. GOODRICH-HUNSAKER, Auteur ; Y. A. MCLENNAN, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur ; S. M. RIVERA, Auteur ; T. J. SIMON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.45 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cueing  Endogenous  Exogenous  FMR1 gene  Fxtas  Fragile X Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs) have an expansion of 55-200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Male fXPCs are at risk for developing a neurodegenerative motor disorder (fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)) often accompanied by cognitive decline. Several broad domains are implicated as core systems of dysfunction in fXPCs, including perceptual processing of spatial information, orienting of attention to space, and inhibiting attention to irrelevant distractors. We tested whether orienting of spatial attention is impaired in fXPCs. METHODS: Participants were fXPCs or healthy controls (HCs) asymptomatic for FXTAS. In experiment 1, they were male and female children and adults (aged 7-45 years). They oriented attention in response to volitional (endogenous) and reflexive (exogenous) cues. In experiment 2, the participants were men (aged 18-48 years). They oriented attention in an endogenous cueing task that manipulated the amount of information in the cue. RESULTS: In women, fXPCs exhibited slower reaction times than HCs in both the endogenous and exogenous conditions. In men, fXPCs exhibited slower reaction times than HCs in the exogenous condition and in the challenging endogenous cueing task with probabilistic cues. In children, fXPCs did not differ from HCs. CONCLUSIONS: Because adult fXPCs were slower even when controlling for psychomotor speed, results support the interpretation that a core dysfunction in fXPCs is the allocation of spatial attention, while perceptual processing and attention orienting are intact. These findings indicate the importance of considering age and sex when interpreting and generalizing studies of fXPCs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-45 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347 [article] A cross-sectional analysis of orienting of visuospatial attention in child and adult carriers of the fragile X premutation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. M. WONG, Auteur ; N. J. GOODRICH-HUNSAKER, Auteur ; Y. A. MCLENNAN, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur ; S. M. RIVERA, Auteur ; T. J. SIMON, Auteur . - p.45. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.45 Mots-clés : Cueing  Endogenous  Exogenous  FMR1 gene  Fxtas  Fragile X Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs) have an expansion of 55-200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Male fXPCs are at risk for developing a neurodegenerative motor disorder (fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)) often accompanied by cognitive decline. Several broad domains are implicated as core systems of dysfunction in fXPCs, including perceptual processing of spatial information, orienting of attention to space, and inhibiting attention to irrelevant distractors. We tested whether orienting of spatial attention is impaired in fXPCs. METHODS: Participants were fXPCs or healthy controls (HCs) asymptomatic for FXTAS. In experiment 1, they were male and female children and adults (aged 7-45 years). They oriented attention in response to volitional (endogenous) and reflexive (exogenous) cues. In experiment 2, the participants were men (aged 18-48 years). They oriented attention in an endogenous cueing task that manipulated the amount of information in the cue. RESULTS: In women, fXPCs exhibited slower reaction times than HCs in both the endogenous and exogenous conditions. In men, fXPCs exhibited slower reaction times than HCs in the exogenous condition and in the challenging endogenous cueing task with probabilistic cues. In children, fXPCs did not differ from HCs. CONCLUSIONS: Because adult fXPCs were slower even when controlling for psychomotor speed, results support the interpretation that a core dysfunction in fXPCs is the allocation of spatial attention, while perceptual processing and attention orienting are intact. These findings indicate the importance of considering age and sex when interpreting and generalizing studies of fXPCs. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-45 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=347

Developmental profiles of infants with an FMR1 premutation / Anne C. WHEELER in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 8-1 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.40 Titre : Developmental profiles of infants with an FMR1 premutation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne C. WHEELER, Auteur ; J. SIDERIS, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur ; Donald B. Jr BAILEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.40 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Early development  FMR1 premutation  Newborn screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of FMR1 premutation carriers is at an increased risk for cognitive, emotional, and medical conditions. However, because the premutation is rarely diagnosed at birth, the early developmental trajectories of children with a premutation are not known. METHODS: This exploratory study examined the cognitive, communication, and social-behavioral profiles of 26 infants with a premutation who were identified through participation in a newborn screening for fragile X syndrome pilot study. In this study, families whose newborn screened positive for an FMR1 premutation were invited to participate in a longitudinal study of early development. Twenty-six infants with the premutation and 21 matched, screen-negative comparison babies were assessed using validated standardized measures at 6-month intervals starting as young as 3 months of age. The babies were assessed up to seven times over a 4-year period. RESULTS: The premutation group was not statistically different from the comparison group on measures of cognitive development, adaptive behavior, temperament, or overall communication. However, the babies with the premutation had a significantly different developmental trajectory on measures of nonverbal communication and hyperresponsivity to sensory experiences. They also were significantly more hyporesponsive at all ages than the comparison group. Cytosine-guanine-guanine repeat length was linearly associated with overall cognitive development. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that infants with a premutation may present with subtle developmental differences as young as 12 months of age that may be early markers of later anxiety, social deficits, or other challenges thought to be experienced by a subset of carriers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9171-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349 [article] Developmental profiles of infants with an FMR1 premutation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne C. WHEELER, Auteur ; J. SIDERIS, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Elizabeth BERRY-KRAVIS, Auteur ; F. TASSONE, Auteur ; Donald B. Jr BAILEY, Auteur . - p.40. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 8-1 (December 2016) . - p.40 Mots-clés : Early development  FMR1 premutation  Newborn screening Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of FMR1 premutation carriers is at an increased risk for cognitive, emotional, and medical conditions. However, because the premutation is rarely diagnosed at birth, the early developmental trajectories of children with a premutation are not known. METHODS: This exploratory study examined the cognitive, communication, and social-behavioral profiles of 26 infants with a premutation who were identified through participation in a newborn screening for fragile X syndrome pilot study. In this study, families whose newborn screened positive for an FMR1 premutation were invited to participate in a longitudinal study of early development. Twenty-six infants with the premutation and 21 matched, screen-negative comparison babies were assessed using validated standardized measures at 6-month intervals starting as young as 3 months of age. The babies were assessed up to seven times over a 4-year period. RESULTS: The premutation group was not statistically different from the comparison group on measures of cognitive development, adaptive behavior, temperament, or overall communication. However, the babies with the premutation had a significantly different developmental trajectory on measures of nonverbal communication and hyperresponsivity to sensory experiences. They also were significantly more hyporesponsive at all ages than the comparison group. Cytosine-guanine-guanine repeat length was linearly associated with overall cognitive development. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that infants with a premutation may present with subtle developmental differences as young as 12 months of age that may be early markers of later anxiety, social deficits, or other challenges thought to be experienced by a subset of carriers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9171-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=349

Fragile x premutation / F. TASSONE in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.22 Titre : Fragile x premutation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. TASSONE, Auteur ; Paul J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.22 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Whereas full mutation CGG-repeat expansions (>200 repeats) of the fragile X gene (FMR1) give rise to the neurodevelopmental disorder, fragile X syndrome (FXS); smaller, 'premutation' expansions (55 to 200 repeats) are now gaining increasing recognition as the basis for a spectrum of clinical involvement, from neurodevelopmental problems; to mid-adult disorders, such as primary ovarian insufficiency and mood and psychiatric disorders; to the late-adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The premutation disorders are thought to arise through a molecular mechanism involving toxicity of the elevated levels of expanded CGG-repeat mRNA ('RNA toxicity'), a process that is entirely distinct from the FMR1 protein-deficiency that gives rise to FXS. However, despite the importance of the spectrum of clinical disorders associated with the premutation, and a high prevalence rate (1 in 130 to 250 females and 1 in 250 to 810 males), relatively little attention has been paid to these disorders and there is a general lack of awareness among clinicians as to the distinction between the premutation disorders and FXS. To address this lack of awareness, an international conference on the premutation was held in Perugia, Italy, in June 2013. The conference covered the expanding range of clinical involvement, refinements of the assessments and tools for characterizing such involvement, and the rapidly expanding understanding of the pathogenic molecular and cellular mechanisms that give rise to the spectrum of involvement among premutation carriers. All of these advances support ongoing efforts to develop new targeted treatments for the premutation disorders. As an outgrowth of the meeting, papers were solicited from the conference attendees such that groups of scientists and clinicians would develop works that broadly covered the topics of the meeting. The following papers represent that effort. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-22 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 [article] Fragile x premutation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. TASSONE, Auteur ; Paul J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur . - p.22. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.22 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Whereas full mutation CGG-repeat expansions (>200 repeats) of the fragile X gene (FMR1) give rise to the neurodevelopmental disorder, fragile X syndrome (FXS); smaller, 'premutation' expansions (55 to 200 repeats) are now gaining increasing recognition as the basis for a spectrum of clinical involvement, from neurodevelopmental problems; to mid-adult disorders, such as primary ovarian insufficiency and mood and psychiatric disorders; to the late-adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The premutation disorders are thought to arise through a molecular mechanism involving toxicity of the elevated levels of expanded CGG-repeat mRNA ('RNA toxicity'), a process that is entirely distinct from the FMR1 protein-deficiency that gives rise to FXS. However, despite the importance of the spectrum of clinical disorders associated with the premutation, and a high prevalence rate (1 in 130 to 250 females and 1 in 250 to 810 males), relatively little attention has been paid to these disorders and there is a general lack of awareness among clinicians as to the distinction between the premutation disorders and FXS. To address this lack of awareness, an international conference on the premutation was held in Perugia, Italy, in June 2013. The conference covered the expanding range of clinical involvement, refinements of the assessments and tools for characterizing such involvement, and the rapidly expanding understanding of the pathogenic molecular and cellular mechanisms that give rise to the spectrum of involvement among premutation carriers. All of these advances support ongoing efforts to develop new targeted treatments for the premutation disorders. As an outgrowth of the meeting, papers were solicited from the conference attendees such that groups of scientists and clinicians would develop works that broadly covered the topics of the meeting. The following papers represent that effort. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-22 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346

Genomic studies in fragile X premutation carriers / R. LOZANO in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

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A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ganaxolone in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome / A. LIGSAY in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 9-1 (December 2017)  

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Reduced vagal tone in women with the FMR1 premutation is associated with FMR1 mRNA but not depression or anxiety / J. KLUSEK in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 9-1 (December 2017)  

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A solution to limitations of cognitive testing in children with intellectual disabilities: the case of fragile X syndrome / D. HESSL in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 1-1 (March 2009)  

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The multiple molecular facets of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome / C. SELLIER in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

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Young adult male carriers of the fragile X premutation exhibit genetically modulated impairments in visuospatial tasks controlled for psychomotor speed / L. M. WONG in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4-1 (December 2012)  

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