Abnormal social reward processing in autism as indexed by pupillary responses to happy faces / L. SEPETA in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4-1 (December 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.17 Titre : Abnormal social reward processing in autism as indexed by pupillary responses to happy faces Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : L. SEPETA, Auteur ; N. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; M. S. DAVIES, Auteur ; M. SIGMAN, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) typically show impaired eye contact during social interactions. From a young age, they look less at faces than typically developing (TD) children and tend to avoid direct gaze. However, the reason for this behavior remains controversial; ASD children might avoid eye contact because they perceive the eyes as aversive or because they do not find social engagement through mutual gaze rewarding. METHODS: We monitored pupillary diameter as a measure of autonomic response in children with ASD (n = 20, mean age = 12.4) and TD controls (n = 18, mean age = 13.7) while they looked at faces displaying different emotions. Each face displayed happy, fearful, angry or neutral emotions with the gaze either directed to or averted from the subjects. RESULTS: Overall, children with ASD and TD controls showed similar pupillary responses; however, they differed significantly in their sensitivity to gaze direction for happy faces. Specifically, pupillary diameter increased among TD children when viewing happy faces with direct gaze as compared to those with averted gaze, whereas children with ASD did not show such sensitivity to gaze direction. We found no group differences in fixation that could explain the differential pupillary responses. There was no effect of gaze direction on pupil diameter for negative affect or neutral faces among either the TD or ASD group. CONCLUSIONS: We interpret the increased pupillary diameter to happy faces with direct gaze in TD children to reflect the intrinsic reward value of a smiling face looking directly at an individual. The lack of this effect in children with ASD is consistent with the hypothesis that individuals with ASD may have reduced sensitivity to the reward value of social stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-17 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344 [article] Abnormal social reward processing in autism as indexed by pupillary responses to happy faces [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / L. SEPETA, Auteur ; N. TSUCHIYA, Auteur ; M. S. DAVIES, Auteur ; M. SIGMAN, Auteur ; Susan Y. BOOKHEIMER, Auteur ; Mirella DAPRETTO, Auteur . - p.17. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.17 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) typically show impaired eye contact during social interactions. From a young age, they look less at faces than typically developing (TD) children and tend to avoid direct gaze. However, the reason for this behavior remains controversial; ASD children might avoid eye contact because they perceive the eyes as aversive or because they do not find social engagement through mutual gaze rewarding. METHODS: We monitored pupillary diameter as a measure of autonomic response in children with ASD (n = 20, mean age = 12.4) and TD controls (n = 18, mean age = 13.7) while they looked at faces displaying different emotions. Each face displayed happy, fearful, angry or neutral emotions with the gaze either directed to or averted from the subjects. RESULTS: Overall, children with ASD and TD controls showed similar pupillary responses; however, they differed significantly in their sensitivity to gaze direction for happy faces. Specifically, pupillary diameter increased among TD children when viewing happy faces with direct gaze as compared to those with averted gaze, whereas children with ASD did not show such sensitivity to gaze direction. We found no group differences in fixation that could explain the differential pupillary responses. There was no effect of gaze direction on pupil diameter for negative affect or neutral faces among either the TD or ASD group. CONCLUSIONS: We interpret the increased pupillary diameter to happy faces with direct gaze in TD children to reflect the intrinsic reward value of a smiling face looking directly at an individual. The lack of this effect in children with ASD is consistent with the hypothesis that individuals with ASD may have reduced sensitivity to the reward value of social stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-17 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344

Organization of brain networks governed by long-range connections index autistic traits in the general population / P. BARTTFELD in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5-1 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 5-1 (December 2013) . - p.16 Titre : Organization of brain networks governed by long-range connections index autistic traits in the general population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : P. BARTTFELD, Auteur ; L. AMORUSO, Auteur ; J. AIS, Auteur ; S. CUKIER, Auteur ; L. BAVASSI, Auteur ; A. TOMIO, Auteur ; F. MANES, Auteur ; A. IBANEZ, Auteur ; M. SIGMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The dimensional approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) considers ASD as the extreme of a dimension traversing through the entire population. We explored the potential utility of electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity as a biomarker. We hypothesized that individual differences in autistic traits of typical subjects would involve a long-range connectivity diminution within the delta band. METHODS: Resting-state EEG functional connectivity was measured for 74 neurotypical subjects. All participants also provided a questionnaire (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS) that was completed by an informant who knows the participant in social settings. We conducted multivariate regression between the SRS score and functional connectivity in all EEG frequency bands. We explored modulations of network graph metrics characterizing the optimality of a network using the SRS score. RESULTS: Our results show a decay in functional connectivity mainly within the delta and theta bands (the lower part of the EEG spectrum) associated with an increasing number of autistic traits. When inspecting the impact of autistic traits on the global organization of the functional network, we found that the optimal properties of the network are inversely related to the number of autistic traits, suggesting that the autistic dimension, throughout the entire population, modulates the efficiency of functional brain networks. CONCLUSIONS: EEG functional connectivity at low frequencies and its associated network properties may be associated with some autistic traits in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-5-16 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=345 [article] Organization of brain networks governed by long-range connections index autistic traits in the general population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / P. BARTTFELD, Auteur ; L. AMORUSO, Auteur ; J. AIS, Auteur ; S. CUKIER, Auteur ; L. BAVASSI, Auteur ; A. TOMIO, Auteur ; F. MANES, Auteur ; A. IBANEZ, Auteur ; M. SIGMAN, Auteur . - p.16. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 5-1 (December 2013) . - p.16 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The dimensional approach to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) considers ASD as the extreme of a dimension traversing through the entire population. We explored the potential utility of electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity as a biomarker. We hypothesized that individual differences in autistic traits of typical subjects would involve a long-range connectivity diminution within the delta band. METHODS: Resting-state EEG functional connectivity was measured for 74 neurotypical subjects. All participants also provided a questionnaire (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS) that was completed by an informant who knows the participant in social settings. We conducted multivariate regression between the SRS score and functional connectivity in all EEG frequency bands. We explored modulations of network graph metrics characterizing the optimality of a network using the SRS score. RESULTS: Our results show a decay in functional connectivity mainly within the delta and theta bands (the lower part of the EEG spectrum) associated with an increasing number of autistic traits. When inspecting the impact of autistic traits on the global organization of the functional network, we found that the optimal properties of the network are inversely related to the number of autistic traits, suggesting that the autistic dimension, throughout the entire population, modulates the efficiency of functional brain networks. CONCLUSIONS: EEG functional connectivity at low frequencies and its associated network properties may be associated with some autistic traits in the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-5-16 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=345

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