A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults / Gene H. BRODY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61-4 (April 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.425-435 Titre : A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.425-435 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : African American  Parent-child relations  preventive intervention  self-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Children with low self-control who grow up in poverty are at elevated risk for living in poverty when they are adults. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the intergenerational continuity of poverty by (a) examining the likelihood that children with low levels of self-control at age 11 earn less employment income and are more likely to live in poverty 14 years later, at age 25; and (b) determining, via a preventive intervention, whether enhancing supportive parenting during childhood will ameliorate these associations. METHODS: Parents and their 11-year-old children from 381 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Teachers assessed children's self-control at 11 years; parents reported their use of supportive parenting when children were 11 and 13 years; emerging adults provided data on cognitive and emotional self-control at 19, 20, and 21 years; and young adults indicated their employment income at 25 years. RESULTS: Significant two-way interactions were detected between children's self-control and prevention condition for employment income (b = -183.18, 95% CI [-363.82, -2.53], p < .05) and poverty status (b = 0.257, 95% CI [0.018, 0.497], p < .05). Low self-control at age 11 forecast less employment income and a greater likelihood of living in poverty among children in the control condition, but not among low self-control SAAF participants. Mediated moderation analyses confirmed that enhanced supportive parenting accounted for SAAF's effects on employment income (indirect effect = 63.057, 95% BCA [19.385, 124.748]) and poverty status (indirect effect = -0.071, 95% BCA [-0.165, -0.016]). CONCLUSIONS: This study is unique in using a randomized controlled trial to show that preventive interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the long-term economic consequences of low self-control. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13139 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421 [article] A family-centered prevention ameliorates the associations of low self-control during childhood with employment income and poverty status in young African American adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Gene H. BRODY, Auteur ; Tianyi YU, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Edith CHEN, Auteur . - p.425-435. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 61-4 (April 2020) . - p.425-435 Mots-clés : African American  Parent-child relations  preventive intervention  self-control Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : OBJECTIVE: Children with low self-control who grow up in poverty are at elevated risk for living in poverty when they are adults. The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the intergenerational continuity of poverty by (a) examining the likelihood that children with low levels of self-control at age 11 earn less employment income and are more likely to live in poverty 14 years later, at age 25; and (b) determining, via a preventive intervention, whether enhancing supportive parenting during childhood will ameliorate these associations. METHODS: Parents and their 11-year-old children from 381 families participated in the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or a control condition. Teachers assessed children's self-control at 11 years; parents reported their use of supportive parenting when children were 11 and 13 years; emerging adults provided data on cognitive and emotional self-control at 19, 20, and 21 years; and young adults indicated their employment income at 25 years. RESULTS: Significant two-way interactions were detected between children's self-control and prevention condition for employment income (b = -183.18, 95% CI [-363.82, -2.53], p < .05) and poverty status (b = 0.257, 95% CI [0.018, 0.497], p < .05). Low self-control at age 11 forecast less employment income and a greater likelihood of living in poverty among children in the control condition, but not among low self-control SAAF participants. Mediated moderation analyses confirmed that enhanced supportive parenting accounted for SAAF's effects on employment income (indirect effect = 63.057, 95% BCA [19.385, 124.748]) and poverty status (indirect effect = -0.071, 95% BCA [-0.165, -0.016]). CONCLUSIONS: This study is unique in using a randomized controlled trial to show that preventive interventions designed to enhance parenting and strengthen families can buffer the long-term economic consequences of low self-control. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13139 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421

Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning / Ethan S. YOUNG in Development and Psychopathology, 33-1 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 33-1 (February 2021) . - p.301-312 Titre : Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ethan S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Jenalee R. DOOM, Auteur ; Allison K. FARRELL, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. CARLSON, Auteur ; Michelle M. ENGLUND, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur ; Glenn I. ROISMAN, Auteur ; Jeffry A. SIMPSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.301-312 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Trier Social Stress Test  cortisol reactivity  cumulative stress  development  life stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stressful experiences affect biological stress systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Life stress can potentially alter regulation of the HPA axis and has been associated with poorer physical and mental health. Little, however, is known about the relative influence of stressors that are encountered at different developmental periods on acute stress reactions in adulthood. In this study, we explored three models of the influence of stress exposure on cortisol reactivity to a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) by leveraging 37 years of longitudinal data in a high-risk birth cohort (N = 112). The cumulative stress model suggests that accumulated stress across the lifespan leads to dysregulated reactivity, whereas the biological embedding model implicates early childhood as a critical period. The sensitization model assumes that dysregulation should only occur when stress is high in both early childhood and concurrently. All of the models predicted altered reactivity, but do not anticipate its exact form. We found support for both cumulative and biological embedding effects. However, when pitted against each other, early life stress predicted more blunted cortisol responses at age 37 over and above cumulative life stress. Additional analyses revealed that stress exposure in middle childhood also predicted more blunted cortisol reactivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001779 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442 [article] Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ethan S. YOUNG, Auteur ; Jenalee R. DOOM, Auteur ; Allison K. FARRELL, Auteur ; Elizabeth A. CARLSON, Auteur ; Michelle M. ENGLUND, Auteur ; Gregory E. MILLER, Auteur ; Megan R. GUNNAR, Auteur ; Glenn I. ROISMAN, Auteur ; Jeffry A. SIMPSON, Auteur . - p.301-312. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 33-1 (February 2021) . - p.301-312 Mots-clés : Trier Social Stress Test  cortisol reactivity  cumulative stress  development  life stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Stressful experiences affect biological stress systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Life stress can potentially alter regulation of the HPA axis and has been associated with poorer physical and mental health. Little, however, is known about the relative influence of stressors that are encountered at different developmental periods on acute stress reactions in adulthood. In this study, we explored three models of the influence of stress exposure on cortisol reactivity to a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) by leveraging 37 years of longitudinal data in a high-risk birth cohort (N = 112). The cumulative stress model suggests that accumulated stress across the lifespan leads to dysregulated reactivity, whereas the biological embedding model implicates early childhood as a critical period. The sensitization model assumes that dysregulation should only occur when stress is high in both early childhood and concurrently. All of the models predicted altered reactivity, but do not anticipate its exact form. We found support for both cumulative and biological embedding effects. However, when pitted against each other, early life stress predicted more blunted cortisol responses at age 37 over and above cumulative life stress. Additional analyses revealed that stress exposure in middle childhood also predicted more blunted cortisol reactivity. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001779 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=442

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