Beyond group differences: Exploring the preliminary signals of target engagement of an executive function training for autistic children / Sarah R. EDMUNDS in Autism Research, 15-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1261-1273 Titre : Beyond group differences: Exploring the preliminary signals of target engagement of an executive function training for autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah R. EDMUNDS, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; M. Rosario RUEDA, Auteur ; Lina M. COMBITA, Auteur ; Susan FAJA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1261-1273 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adhd  anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  executive function training  inhibitory control  moderation  target engagement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding both for whom and how interventions work is a crucial next step in providing personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with heterogeneity both within core ASD criteria and with respect to co-occurring mental health challenges, which may affect their ability to benefit from intervention. In a secondary data analysis of a randomized control trial evaluating an executive function (EF) training with 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children, we explored: (1) whether co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features at baseline moderated the extent to which children benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) the extent to which changes in a brain-based measure of target engagement predicted the clinical outcomes of the EF training. This is a step towards asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved behavioral inhibition only for children with clinically significant co-occurring ADHD features. Anxiety features, while prevalent, did not moderate EF training efficacy. Finally, for the EF training group only, there was a significant correlation between pre-to-post change in an EEG-based measure of target engagement, N2 incongruent amplitude during a flanker task, and change in repetitive behaviors, a behavioral outcome that was reported in the parent RCT to have improved with training compared to waitlist control. This study provides preliminary evidence that EF training may differentially affect subgroups of autistic children and that changes at the neural level may precede changes in behavior. LAY SUMMARY: Understanding both for whom and how interventions work will help us provide personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with many different strengths and challenges. Co-occurring mental health challenges may affect how much autistic children benefit from intervention. We analyzed secondary data from a rigorously designed pilot intervention study, a randomized control trial (RCT), that enrolled 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children to assess whether a set of computer-based executive function (EF) training games improved their performance. Executive functions include being able to shift between tasks, inhibit a response, and keep information in working memory. In the current study, we explored: (1) whether children's co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features, measured before the EF training began, affected how much they benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) whether children's brain-based changes in EF predicted their performance in everyday life (e.g., parent report on a survey). This is a step toward asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved children's inhibition ability, but only for children with clinically significant ADHD features. While many children in our sample also had anxiety features, we found that anxiety levels did not affect how well the EF training worked. Finally, for children who received the EF training, changes in a brain-based measure of conflict monitoring (i.e., being able to noticing differences in stimuli) predicted changes in children's repetitive behaviors. This study provides early evidence that EF training may be more effective for some autistic children than others, especially those with ADHD features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2735 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] Beyond group differences: Exploring the preliminary signals of target engagement of an executive function training for autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah R. EDMUNDS, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; M. Rosario RUEDA, Auteur ; Lina M. COMBITA, Auteur ; Susan FAJA, Auteur . - p.1261-1273. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1261-1273 Mots-clés : Adhd  anxiety  autism spectrum disorders  executive function training  inhibitory control  moderation  target engagement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Understanding both for whom and how interventions work is a crucial next step in providing personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with heterogeneity both within core ASD criteria and with respect to co-occurring mental health challenges, which may affect their ability to benefit from intervention. In a secondary data analysis of a randomized control trial evaluating an executive function (EF) training with 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children, we explored: (1) whether co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features at baseline moderated the extent to which children benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) the extent to which changes in a brain-based measure of target engagement predicted the clinical outcomes of the EF training. This is a step towards asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved behavioral inhibition only for children with clinically significant co-occurring ADHD features. Anxiety features, while prevalent, did not moderate EF training efficacy. Finally, for the EF training group only, there was a significant correlation between pre-to-post change in an EEG-based measure of target engagement, N2 incongruent amplitude during a flanker task, and change in repetitive behaviors, a behavioral outcome that was reported in the parent RCT to have improved with training compared to waitlist control. This study provides preliminary evidence that EF training may differentially affect subgroups of autistic children and that changes at the neural level may precede changes in behavior. LAY SUMMARY: Understanding both for whom and how interventions work will help us provide personalized care to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autistic children present with many different strengths and challenges. Co-occurring mental health challenges may affect how much autistic children benefit from intervention. We analyzed secondary data from a rigorously designed pilot intervention study, a randomized control trial (RCT), that enrolled 70 7- to 11-year-old autistic children to assess whether a set of computer-based executive function (EF) training games improved their performance. Executive functions include being able to shift between tasks, inhibit a response, and keep information in working memory. In the current study, we explored: (1) whether children's co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features or anxiety features, measured before the EF training began, affected how much they benefited from the EF training. In other words, we asked, "For whom is training effective?" We also explored: (2) whether children's brain-based changes in EF predicted their performance in everyday life (e.g., parent report on a survey). This is a step toward asking, "How is training effective?" We found that EF training improved children's inhibition ability, but only for children with clinically significant ADHD features. While many children in our sample also had anxiety features, we found that anxiety levels did not affect how well the EF training worked. Finally, for children who received the EF training, changes in a brain-based measure of conflict monitoring (i.e., being able to noticing differences in stimuli) predicted changes in children's repetitive behaviors. This study provides early evidence that EF training may be more effective for some autistic children than others, especially those with ADHD features. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2735 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Early developmental concerns in 22q11.2 deletion and duplication carriers / Eve S. KORTANEK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 97 (September 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 97 (September 2022) . - 102026 Titre : Early developmental concerns in 22q11.2 deletion and duplication carriers Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eve S. KORTANEK, Auteur ; Nicole M. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Erin E. NOSCO, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; Amy LIN, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur ; Carrie E. BEARDEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 102026 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Copy number variants  22q11.2  Early development  Developmental concerns  Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background 22q11.2 deletions (22qDEL) and duplications (22qDUP) are among the most common copy number variants (CNVs) associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Little is known about the earliest developmental features of 22q11.2 CNVs and whether developmental delays are detected in early childhood. This study primarily aimed to assess general development and social communication in 22q11.2 CNV carriers age 5 and under. Method Participants included parents of children age 5 and under with a reported genetic diagnosis of 22qDEL (N = 63) or 22qDUP (N = 30). In addition to questions addressing clinical and intervention information, two standardized parent questionnaires ”the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant/Toddler Checklist (ITC) ”screened for developmental and social communication delays, respectively. Results Developmental delay and speech and/or language delay were the most commonly reported NDD diagnoses among young 22q11.2 CNV carriers, with prevalences at 19% and 17%, respectively. In the vast majority (91%) of 22q11.2 CNV carriers, parents reported concerns in at least one developmental domain, with 71% reporting global developmental concerns. 70% of parents of 22q11.2 CNV carriers age 2 and under also reported social communication concerns. Conclusions The high prevalence of reported developmental concerns in both CNV groups reinforces the need for close monitoring of early neurodevelopment in 22q11.2 CNV carriers with regard to both developmental delays and autism risk. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486 [article] Early developmental concerns in 22q11.2 deletion and duplication carriers [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eve S. KORTANEK, Auteur ; Nicole M. MCDONALD, Auteur ; Erin E. NOSCO, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; Amy LIN, Auteur ; Shafali S. JESTE, Auteur ; Carrie E. BEARDEN, Auteur . - 102026. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 97 (September 2022) . - 102026 Mots-clés : Copy number variants  22q11.2  Early development  Developmental concerns  Social communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background 22q11.2 deletions (22qDEL) and duplications (22qDUP) are among the most common copy number variants (CNVs) associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Little is known about the earliest developmental features of 22q11.2 CNVs and whether developmental delays are detected in early childhood. This study primarily aimed to assess general development and social communication in 22q11.2 CNV carriers age 5 and under. Method Participants included parents of children age 5 and under with a reported genetic diagnosis of 22qDEL (N = 63) or 22qDUP (N = 30). In addition to questions addressing clinical and intervention information, two standardized parent questionnaires ”the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) and the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant/Toddler Checklist (ITC) ”screened for developmental and social communication delays, respectively. Results Developmental delay and speech and/or language delay were the most commonly reported NDD diagnoses among young 22q11.2 CNV carriers, with prevalences at 19% and 17%, respectively. In the vast majority (91%) of 22q11.2 CNV carriers, parents reported concerns in at least one developmental domain, with 71% reporting global developmental concerns. 70% of parents of 22q11.2 CNV carriers age 2 and under also reported social communication concerns. Conclusions The high prevalence of reported developmental concerns in both CNV groups reinforces the need for close monitoring of early neurodevelopment in 22q11.2 CNV carriers with regard to both developmental delays and autism risk. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102026 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486

Reduced Visual Evoked Potential Amplitude in Autistic Children with Co-Occurring Features of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Yael BRAVERMAN ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON ; Julia I. NIKOLAEVA ; Susan FAJA in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-8 (August 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-8 (August 2024) . - p.2917-2925 Titre : Reduced Visual Evoked Potential Amplitude in Autistic Children with Co-Occurring Features of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yael BRAVERMAN, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; Julia I. NIKOLAEVA, Auteur ; Susan FAJA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2917-2925 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Provided the significant overlap in features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a critical need to identify transdiagnostic markers that could meaningfully stratify subgroups. The objective of this study was to compare the visual evoked potential (VEP) between 30 autistic children, 17 autistic children with co-occurring ADHD presentation (ASD?+?ADHD), and 21 neurotypical children (NTC). Electroencephalography was recorded while children passively viewed a pattern-reversal stimulus. Mean amplitude of the P1 event-related potential was extracted from a midline occipital channel and compared between groups. P1 mean amplitude was reduced in the ASD?+?ADHD group compared to the ASD and NTC groups, indicating a distinct pattern of brain activity in autistic children with co-occurring ADHD features. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06005-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534 [article] Reduced Visual Evoked Potential Amplitude in Autistic Children with Co-Occurring Features of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yael BRAVERMAN, Auteur ; Gabrielle A. MACNAUGHTON, Auteur ; Julia I. NIKOLAEVA, Auteur ; Susan FAJA, Auteur . - p.2917-2925. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-8 (August 2024) . - p.2917-2925 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Provided the significant overlap in features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a critical need to identify transdiagnostic markers that could meaningfully stratify subgroups. The objective of this study was to compare the visual evoked potential (VEP) between 30 autistic children, 17 autistic children with co-occurring ADHD presentation (ASD?+?ADHD), and 21 neurotypical children (NTC). Electroencephalography was recorded while children passively viewed a pattern-reversal stimulus. Mean amplitude of the P1 event-related potential was extracted from a midline occipital channel and compared between groups. P1 mean amplitude was reduced in the ASD?+?ADHD group compared to the ASD and NTC groups, indicating a distinct pattern of brain activity in autistic children with co-occurring ADHD features. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06005-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=534

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