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Links between DRD4, executive attention, and alphabetic skills in a nonclinical sample / Cornelia A. T. KEGEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-3 (March 2013)
[article]
Titre : Links between DRD4, executive attention, and alphabetic skills in a nonclinical sample Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Cornelia A. T. KEGEL, Auteur ; Adriana G. BUS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.305-312 Mots-clés : K-1 students dopamine D4 receptor gene executive attention alphabetic skills mediation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disorders. In this study, we examined whether diminished anticipatory dopamine cell firing – typical of the long variant of the DRD4 allele – is related to emergent and advanced alphabetic skills, and whether executive attention is a mediator between this allele and alphabetic skills. Method: We tested alphabetic skills in a normative sample of 159 children in both kindergarten and Grade 1, and executive attention 1 year earlier. Cheek cells were collected and genomic DNA was isolated from the samples using the Chemagic buccal swab kit on a chemagen Module I workstation. Results: Thirty-seven percent of the children were carriers of at least one DRD4 7-repeat allele. Carriers of the long variant scored lower on alphabetic skills, and executive attention appeared to be a mediator of the relation between characteristics of DRD4 and alphabetic skills in kindergarten and first grade. Conclusion: This study shows how a genetic factor which has been shown to relate to variation in attention and regulatory behavior can explain delays in alphabetic skills. A practical implication is that in many cases early interventions should not only target reading skills, but also support children’s engagement in tasks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02604.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=191
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-3 (March 2013) . - p.305-312[article] Links between DRD4, executive attention, and alphabetic skills in a nonclinical sample [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Cornelia A. T. KEGEL, Auteur ; Adriana G. BUS, Auteur . - p.305-312.
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-3 (March 2013) . - p.305-312
Mots-clés : K-1 students dopamine D4 receptor gene executive attention alphabetic skills mediation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disorders. In this study, we examined whether diminished anticipatory dopamine cell firing – typical of the long variant of the DRD4 allele – is related to emergent and advanced alphabetic skills, and whether executive attention is a mediator between this allele and alphabetic skills. Method: We tested alphabetic skills in a normative sample of 159 children in both kindergarten and Grade 1, and executive attention 1 year earlier. Cheek cells were collected and genomic DNA was isolated from the samples using the Chemagic buccal swab kit on a chemagen Module I workstation. Results: Thirty-seven percent of the children were carriers of at least one DRD4 7-repeat allele. Carriers of the long variant scored lower on alphabetic skills, and executive attention appeared to be a mediator of the relation between characteristics of DRD4 and alphabetic skills in kindergarten and first grade. Conclusion: This study shows how a genetic factor which has been shown to relate to variation in attention and regulatory behavior can explain delays in alphabetic skills. A practical implication is that in many cases early interventions should not only target reading skills, but also support children’s engagement in tasks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02604.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=191 Developmental change in look durations predicts later effortful control in toddlers at familial risk for ASD / A. HENDRY in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 10-1 (December 2018)
[article]
Titre : Developmental change in look durations predicts later effortful control in toddlers at familial risk for ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. HENDRY, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur ; Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; T. GLIGA, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd Autism Development Effortful control Endogenous attention Endophenotype Executive attention Executive function Infant Sibling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Difficulties with executive functioning (EF) are common in individuals with a range of developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interventions that target underlying mechanisms of EF early in development could be broadly beneficial, but require infant markers of such mechanisms in order to be feasible. Prospective studies of infants at high familial risk (HR) for ASD have revealed a surprising tendency for HR toddlers to show longer epochs of attention to faces than low-risk (LR) controls. In typical development, decreases in look durations towards the end of the first year of life are driven by the development of executive attention-a foundational component of EF. Here, we test the hypothesis that prolonged attention to visual stimuli (including faces) in HR toddlers reflects early differences in the development of executive attention. METHODS: In a longitudinal prospective study, we used eye-tracking to record HR and LR infants' looking behaviour to social and non-social visual stimuli at ages 9 and 15 months. At age 3 years, we assessed children with a battery of clinical research measures and collected parental report of effortful control (EC)-a temperament trait closely associated with EF and similarly contingent on executive attention. RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies, we found an attenuated reduction in peak look durations to faces between 9 and 15 months for the HR group compared with the LR group, and lower EC amongst the HR-ASD group. In line with our hypothesis, change in peak look duration to faces between 9 and 15 months was negatively associated with EC at age 3. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that for HR toddlers, disruption to the early development of executive attention results in an attenuated reduction in looking time to faces. Effects may be more apparent for faces due to early biases to orient towards them; further, attention difficulties may interact with earlier emerging differences in social information processing. Our finding that prolonged attention to faces may be an early indicator of disruption to the executive attention system is of potential value in screening for infants at risk for later EF difficulties and for evaluation of intervention outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9219-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=351
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - p.3[article] Developmental change in look durations predicts later effortful control in toddlers at familial risk for ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. HENDRY, Auteur ; E. J. H. JONES, Auteur ; Rachael BEDFORD, Auteur ; T. GLIGA, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; M. H. JOHNSON, Auteur . - p.3.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 10-1 (December 2018) . - p.3
Mots-clés : Asd Autism Development Effortful control Endogenous attention Endophenotype Executive attention Executive function Infant Sibling Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Difficulties with executive functioning (EF) are common in individuals with a range of developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interventions that target underlying mechanisms of EF early in development could be broadly beneficial, but require infant markers of such mechanisms in order to be feasible. Prospective studies of infants at high familial risk (HR) for ASD have revealed a surprising tendency for HR toddlers to show longer epochs of attention to faces than low-risk (LR) controls. In typical development, decreases in look durations towards the end of the first year of life are driven by the development of executive attention-a foundational component of EF. Here, we test the hypothesis that prolonged attention to visual stimuli (including faces) in HR toddlers reflects early differences in the development of executive attention. METHODS: In a longitudinal prospective study, we used eye-tracking to record HR and LR infants' looking behaviour to social and non-social visual stimuli at ages 9 and 15 months. At age 3 years, we assessed children with a battery of clinical research measures and collected parental report of effortful control (EC)-a temperament trait closely associated with EF and similarly contingent on executive attention. RESULTS: Consistent with previous studies, we found an attenuated reduction in peak look durations to faces between 9 and 15 months for the HR group compared with the LR group, and lower EC amongst the HR-ASD group. In line with our hypothesis, change in peak look duration to faces between 9 and 15 months was negatively associated with EC at age 3. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that for HR toddlers, disruption to the early development of executive attention results in an attenuated reduction in looking time to faces. Effects may be more apparent for faces due to early biases to orient towards them; further, attention difficulties may interact with earlier emerging differences in social information processing. Our finding that prolonged attention to faces may be an early indicator of disruption to the executive attention system is of potential value in screening for infants at risk for later EF difficulties and for evaluation of intervention outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-017-9219-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=351