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Auteur Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH |
Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur (21)
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A pilot mixed-methods evaluation of an intervention to reduce Korean undergraduates' stigma toward autistic people / So Yoon KIM in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 113 (May 2024)
[article]
Titre : A pilot mixed-methods evaluation of an intervention to reduce Korean undergraduates' stigma toward autistic people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Wn-ho YOON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.102355 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Qualitative Autism Stigma Pilot intervention Cultural adaptation Educational psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Heightened stigma in South Korea may contribute to the difficulties that autistic undergraduate students experience in college. This study aimed to explore non-autistic Korean undergraduate students' stigma toward autistic people using semi-structured interviews surrounding a pilot autism anti-stigma training. Method During the pre-intervention interview, 22 Korean undergraduate students were asked to describe autism, rate their agreement with Social Distance Scale (SDS) items, which asked about their willingness to interact with autistic people, and justify their responses. Participants then completed an online autism training. The post-intervention interview asked the same series of questions but omitted the justification-related questions. We analyzed open-ended responses using content analysis and used a paired-sample t-test to compare pre- and post-intervention averaged SDS items. Results Participants reported different justifications for their desired social distance from autistic people. The types and frequency of justifications mentioned differed depending on the types of relationships expected. Intervention participation was associated with reduced stigma toward autistic people (p < .001). Participants' extreme stereotypes (e.g., savant) and perceptions of autistic individuals as living in their own world shifted toward recognizing autistic individuals as people living in the same world. Conclusions This is the first study to explore why non-autistic Korean college students may desire social distance from autistic people and to attempt to reduce heightened autism stigma in South Korea through an autism training. Future work should use a randomized control trial to examine the causal impact of training on stigma and to identify active ingredients of anti-stigma interventions across cultures. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102355 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=524
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 113 (May 2024) . - p.102355[article] A pilot mixed-methods evaluation of an intervention to reduce Korean undergraduates' stigma toward autistic people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Wn-ho YOON, Auteur . - p.102355.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 113 (May 2024) . - p.102355
Mots-clés : Qualitative Autism Stigma Pilot intervention Cultural adaptation Educational psychology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Heightened stigma in South Korea may contribute to the difficulties that autistic undergraduate students experience in college. This study aimed to explore non-autistic Korean undergraduate students' stigma toward autistic people using semi-structured interviews surrounding a pilot autism anti-stigma training. Method During the pre-intervention interview, 22 Korean undergraduate students were asked to describe autism, rate their agreement with Social Distance Scale (SDS) items, which asked about their willingness to interact with autistic people, and justify their responses. Participants then completed an online autism training. The post-intervention interview asked the same series of questions but omitted the justification-related questions. We analyzed open-ended responses using content analysis and used a paired-sample t-test to compare pre- and post-intervention averaged SDS items. Results Participants reported different justifications for their desired social distance from autistic people. The types and frequency of justifications mentioned differed depending on the types of relationships expected. Intervention participation was associated with reduced stigma toward autistic people (p < .001). Participants' extreme stereotypes (e.g., savant) and perceptions of autistic individuals as living in their own world shifted toward recognizing autistic individuals as people living in the same world. Conclusions This is the first study to explore why non-autistic Korean college students may desire social distance from autistic people and to attempt to reduce heightened autism stigma in South Korea through an autism training. Future work should use a randomized control trial to examine the causal impact of training on stigma and to identify active ingredients of anti-stigma interventions across cultures. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102355 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=524 Selective Visual Attention at Twelve Months: Signs of Autism in Early Social Interactions / Ted HUTMAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-4 (April 2012)
[article]
Titre : Selective Visual Attention at Twelve Months: Signs of Autism in Early Social Interactions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ted HUTMAN, Auteur ; Mandeep K. CHELA, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Marian SIGMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.487-498 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Broader autism phenotype Visual attention Attention shifting Early identification Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined social attention and attention shifting during (a) a play interaction between 12-month olds and an examiner and (b) after the examiner pretended to hurt herself. We coded the target and duration of infants’ visual fixations and frequency of attention shifts. Siblings of children with autism and controls with no family history of autism were tested at 12 months and screened for ASD at 36 months. Groups did not differ on proportion of attention to social stimuli or attention shifting during the play condition. All groups demonstrated more social attention and attention shifting during the distress condition. Infants later diagnosed with ASD tended to continue looking at a toy during the distress condition despite the salience of social information. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1262-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-4 (April 2012) . - p.487-498[article] Selective Visual Attention at Twelve Months: Signs of Autism in Early Social Interactions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ted HUTMAN, Auteur ; Mandeep K. CHELA, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Marian SIGMAN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.487-498.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-4 (April 2012) . - p.487-498
Mots-clés : Autism Broader autism phenotype Visual attention Attention shifting Early identification Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined social attention and attention shifting during (a) a play interaction between 12-month olds and an examiner and (b) after the examiner pretended to hurt herself. We coded the target and duration of infants’ visual fixations and frequency of attention shifts. Siblings of children with autism and controls with no family history of autism were tested at 12 months and screened for ASD at 36 months. Groups did not differ on proportion of attention to social stimuli or attention shifting during the play condition. All groups demonstrated more social attention and attention shifting during the distress condition. Infants later diagnosed with ASD tended to continue looking at a toy during the distress condition despite the salience of social information. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1262-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=153 Stigma and knowledge about autism in Brazil: A psychometric and intervention study / Mônia Aparecida DA SILVA ; Paulo Felipe Ribeiro BANDEIRA ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH ; Regina Basso ZANON in Autism, 28-1 (January 2024)
[article]
Titre : Stigma and knowledge about autism in Brazil: A psychometric and intervention study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mônia Aparecida DA SILVA, Auteur ; Paulo Felipe Ribeiro BANDEIRA, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Regina Basso ZANON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.215?228 Mots-clés : autism knowledge network analysis stigma scales Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers from Brazil reached out to a researcher in the United States to co-develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of an autism stigma (social distance) scale and a Participatory Autism Knowledge-Measure (Study 1) and to assess the impact of an online training on autism stigma and knowledge in a Brazilian sample (Study 2). In a psychometric study, 532 Brazilians completed the stigma (EARPA) while 510 completed the knowledge scale (ECAT). In Study 2, 79 Brazilians (mostly white, female university students) participated in a quasi-experimental training evaluation. Exploratory graph analysis revealed one cluster on the EARPA and four clusters on the ECAT (intervention, diagnosis and etiology; autism in adulthood; repetitive behaviors and restricted interests; and socio-communicative development). The training evaluation revealed improvements across most EARPA and ECAT items, as well as changes in all centrality indicators assessed through the network analysis, suggesting that autism stigma and knowledge improved with training. Both scales are promising instruments and may be useful in future Brazilian and cross-cultural studies. The training could be used more widely to improve autism understanding in Brazil. Further cultural adaptations will likely be needed to make the training well-suited to the myriad cultural contexts present within Brazil. Lay abstract To promote the full inclusion of autistic people, we must change the knowledge and attitudes of non-autistic individuals. Unfortunately, access to autism information and support remains limited in Brazil, and stigma is also common. Brazilian researchers reached out to a researcher in the United States to co-develop Brazilian surveys to measure autism stigma and knowledge. Together, they made Brazilian versions of stigma and knowledge surveys which autistic people in the United States had helped make. They also adapted an online autism training used in other countries with help from three Brazilian autistic people and the mother of an autistic child. They used the new measures to see if the autism training improved autism stigma and knowledge among Brazilians. The surveys, called EARPA and ECAT in Brazil, were translated into Portuguese in a previous study. In the first study in this article, 532 Brazilians completed the stigma measure and 510 completed the knowledge measure. The researchers used exploratory graph analysis, which uses the connections between items in a survey to understand which items belong together. Seventy-nine Brazilians participated in the training. They were mostly white, female university students. The EGA showed that the stigma survey measured one big idea while the knowledge survey measured four ideas: diagnosis/cause; socio-communicative development; stimming and special interests; and autism in adulthood. Both scales are promising and may be helpful in future Brazilian and cross-cultural studies about autism. Participants reported more knowledge and less stigma after the autism training, which has been found in other countries too. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231168917 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519
in Autism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.215?228[article] Stigma and knowledge about autism in Brazil: A psychometric and intervention study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mônia Aparecida DA SILVA, Auteur ; Paulo Felipe Ribeiro BANDEIRA, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Regina Basso ZANON, Auteur . - p.215?228.
in Autism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.215?228
Mots-clés : autism knowledge network analysis stigma scales Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Researchers from Brazil reached out to a researcher in the United States to co-develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of an autism stigma (social distance) scale and a Participatory Autism Knowledge-Measure (Study 1) and to assess the impact of an online training on autism stigma and knowledge in a Brazilian sample (Study 2). In a psychometric study, 532 Brazilians completed the stigma (EARPA) while 510 completed the knowledge scale (ECAT). In Study 2, 79 Brazilians (mostly white, female university students) participated in a quasi-experimental training evaluation. Exploratory graph analysis revealed one cluster on the EARPA and four clusters on the ECAT (intervention, diagnosis and etiology; autism in adulthood; repetitive behaviors and restricted interests; and socio-communicative development). The training evaluation revealed improvements across most EARPA and ECAT items, as well as changes in all centrality indicators assessed through the network analysis, suggesting that autism stigma and knowledge improved with training. Both scales are promising instruments and may be useful in future Brazilian and cross-cultural studies. The training could be used more widely to improve autism understanding in Brazil. Further cultural adaptations will likely be needed to make the training well-suited to the myriad cultural contexts present within Brazil. Lay abstract To promote the full inclusion of autistic people, we must change the knowledge and attitudes of non-autistic individuals. Unfortunately, access to autism information and support remains limited in Brazil, and stigma is also common. Brazilian researchers reached out to a researcher in the United States to co-develop Brazilian surveys to measure autism stigma and knowledge. Together, they made Brazilian versions of stigma and knowledge surveys which autistic people in the United States had helped make. They also adapted an online autism training used in other countries with help from three Brazilian autistic people and the mother of an autistic child. They used the new measures to see if the autism training improved autism stigma and knowledge among Brazilians. The surveys, called EARPA and ECAT in Brazil, were translated into Portuguese in a previous study. In the first study in this article, 532 Brazilians completed the stigma measure and 510 completed the knowledge measure. The researchers used exploratory graph analysis, which uses the connections between items in a survey to understand which items belong together. Seventy-nine Brazilians participated in the training. They were mostly white, female university students. The EGA showed that the stigma survey measured one big idea while the knowledge survey measured four ideas: diagnosis/cause; socio-communicative development; stimming and special interests; and autism in adulthood. Both scales are promising and may be helpful in future Brazilian and cross-cultural studies about autism. Participants reported more knowledge and less stigma after the autism training, which has been found in other countries too. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231168917 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 A systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and attitudes toward autistic people / Da-Yea SONG ; Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH ; Eilidh CAGE in Autism Research, 16-2 (February 2023)
[article]
Titre : A systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and attitudes toward autistic people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Da-Yea SONG, Auteur ; Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Eilidh CAGE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.441-457 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This systematic review includes a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of research on the associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and their attitudes toward autistic people. Of 47 studies included in the narrative synthesis, White undergraduate students were surveyed most frequently. Demographic characteristics were the factors most frequently tested for associations with attitudes, followed by contact-related factors (i.e., quantity and quality), knowledge about autism, trait and personality factors, and other factors that did not fit into a single category. Internal consistency was not reported for some instruments assessing raters' characteristics; some instruments had alpha levels lower than 0.70, and many characteristics of raters were measured using one-item measures. Moreover, theoretical motivations for investigating the raters' characteristics were rarely provided. A total of 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which showed that attitudes toward autistic people were significantly associated with participants' gender, knowledge about autism, and quality and quantity of their previous contact with autistic people, but not with their age or autistic traits. These findings indicate a need for more studies that focus on context-related characteristics (e.g., institutional variables such as support/commitment to inclusion), use reliable instruments to measure non-autistic people's characteristics, and situate their investigation in a theoretical framework. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2867 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=496
in Autism Research > 16-2 (February 2023) . - p.441-457[article] A systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and attitudes toward autistic people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Da-Yea SONG, Auteur ; Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur ; Eilidh CAGE, Auteur . - p.441-457.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 16-2 (February 2023) . - p.441-457
Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This systematic review includes a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of research on the associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and their attitudes toward autistic people. Of 47 studies included in the narrative synthesis, White undergraduate students were surveyed most frequently. Demographic characteristics were the factors most frequently tested for associations with attitudes, followed by contact-related factors (i.e., quantity and quality), knowledge about autism, trait and personality factors, and other factors that did not fit into a single category. Internal consistency was not reported for some instruments assessing raters' characteristics; some instruments had alpha levels lower than 0.70, and many characteristics of raters were measured using one-item measures. Moreover, theoretical motivations for investigating the raters' characteristics were rarely provided. A total of 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which showed that attitudes toward autistic people were significantly associated with participants' gender, knowledge about autism, and quality and quantity of their previous contact with autistic people, but not with their age or autistic traits. These findings indicate a need for more studies that focus on context-related characteristics (e.g., institutional variables such as support/commitment to inclusion), use reliable instruments to measure non-autistic people's characteristics, and situate their investigation in a theoretical framework. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2867 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=496 Time to level up: A systematic review of interventions aiming to reduce stigma toward autistic people / So Yoon KIM in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)
[article]
Titre : Time to level up: A systematic review of interventions aiming to reduce stigma toward autistic people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Da-Yea SONG, Auteur ; Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.798-815 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism,educational psychology,intervention,risk of bias,stigma,systematic review,training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This systematic review examined 26 studies that implemented interventions to reduce stigma toward autistic people; the intervention recipients were primarily non-autistic people. Participants in the included studies were primarily White K-12 or undergraduate students. Most studies utilized one-time video or computer-based instruction, and more recent interventions tended to utilize online platforms. Studies varied in several respects: whether an autistic person was involved in the development and/or delivery of interventions, the intervention content, and the types and internal consistencies of the outcome variables. Risks of bias were prevalent. Masked outcome variables were used infrequently, and investigators were usually aware of group allocation. Among randomized controlled trials, the randomization processes were not sufficiently described, and non-randomized studies of interventions frequently did not account for confounding factors that could explain changes in stigma. Many non-randomized studies of interventions made unwarranted, causal claims about the intervention effectiveness on stigma reduction, and most studies did not sufficiently address limitations related to study design and risk of bias. The recommended areas of improvement include identifying active ingredients of interventions, measuring reliable changes in behaviors and attitudes, and targeting structural stigma. In addition, more robust procedures such as randomizing participants, using masked variables, and controlling baseline differences should be utilized. Lay abstract How non-autistic people think about autistic people impacts autistic people negatively. Many studies developed trainings to reduce autism stigma. The existing trainings vary a lot in terms of study design, content, and reported effectiveness. This means that a review studying how the studies have been conducted is needed. We also looked at the quality of these studies. We collected and studied 26 studies that tried to reduce stigma toward autistic people. The studies often targeted White K-12 students and college students. Most trainings were implemented once. Trainings frequently used video or computer. Especially, recent studies tended to use online platforms. The study quality was poor for most studies. Some studies made inaccurate claims about the intervention effectiveness. Studies did not sufficiently address study limitations. Future trainings should aim to figure out why and how interventions work. How intervention changes people?s behavior and thoughts should be studied. Researchers should study whether the training can change the societal stigma. Also, researchers should use a better study design. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231205915 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525
in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.798-815[article] Time to level up: A systematic review of interventions aiming to reduce stigma toward autistic people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / So Yoon KIM, Auteur ; Da-Yea SONG, Auteur ; Kristen BOTTEMA-BEUTEL, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur . - p.798-815.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.798-815
Mots-clés : autism,educational psychology,intervention,risk of bias,stigma,systematic review,training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This systematic review examined 26 studies that implemented interventions to reduce stigma toward autistic people; the intervention recipients were primarily non-autistic people. Participants in the included studies were primarily White K-12 or undergraduate students. Most studies utilized one-time video or computer-based instruction, and more recent interventions tended to utilize online platforms. Studies varied in several respects: whether an autistic person was involved in the development and/or delivery of interventions, the intervention content, and the types and internal consistencies of the outcome variables. Risks of bias were prevalent. Masked outcome variables were used infrequently, and investigators were usually aware of group allocation. Among randomized controlled trials, the randomization processes were not sufficiently described, and non-randomized studies of interventions frequently did not account for confounding factors that could explain changes in stigma. Many non-randomized studies of interventions made unwarranted, causal claims about the intervention effectiveness on stigma reduction, and most studies did not sufficiently address limitations related to study design and risk of bias. The recommended areas of improvement include identifying active ingredients of interventions, measuring reliable changes in behaviors and attitudes, and targeting structural stigma. In addition, more robust procedures such as randomizing participants, using masked variables, and controlling baseline differences should be utilized. Lay abstract How non-autistic people think about autistic people impacts autistic people negatively. Many studies developed trainings to reduce autism stigma. The existing trainings vary a lot in terms of study design, content, and reported effectiveness. This means that a review studying how the studies have been conducted is needed. We also looked at the quality of these studies. We collected and studied 26 studies that tried to reduce stigma toward autistic people. The studies often targeted White K-12 students and college students. Most trainings were implemented once. Trainings frequently used video or computer. Especially, recent studies tended to use online platforms. The study quality was poor for most studies. Some studies made inaccurate claims about the intervention effectiveness. Studies did not sufficiently address study limitations. Future trainings should aim to figure out why and how interventions work. How intervention changes people?s behavior and thoughts should be studied. Researchers should study whether the training can change the societal stigma. Also, researchers should use a better study design. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231205915 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 What Contributes to Stigma Towards Autistic University Students and Students with Other Diagnoses? / Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-2 (February 2021)
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